{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:52:17Z","timestamp":1787928737221,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,29]],"date-time":"2015-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430265600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,29]],"date-time":"2015-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2015.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,29]],"date-time":"2015-04-29T10:44:28Z","timestamp":1430304268000},"page":"524-531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Potential health impacts of changes in air pollution exposure associated with moving traffic into a road tunnel"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hans","family":"Orru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boel","family":"L\u00f6venheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christer","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertil","family":"Forsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFjes201524_CR1","unstructured":"HEI. panel on the Health Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution. Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Critical Review of the Literature on Emissions, Exposure, and Health Effects HEI Special Report 17. Health Effect Institute: Boston, MA 2010."},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.02.002","volume":"41","author":"S Kaur","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kaur S, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Colvile RN . Fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide exposure concentrations in urban street transport microenvironments. Atmos Environ 2007; 41: 4781\u20134810.","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR3","first-page":"37","volume":"11","author":"K Belkic","year":"1998","unstructured":"Belkic K., Emdal R., Theorell T . Occupational profile and cardiac risk: possible mechanisms and implications for professional drivers. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 1998; 11: 37\u201357.","journal-title":"International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.4.640","volume":"28","author":"F T\u00fcchsen","year":"1999","unstructured":"T\u00fcchsen F, Engdahl LA . Increasing inequality and ischemic heart disease morbidity among employed men in Denmark 1981-1993. The need for a new preventive policy. International Journal of Epidemiology 1999; 28: 640\u2013644.","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.55.2.115","volume":"55","author":"J Hansen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hansen J, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Olsen JH . Increased risk of lung cancer among different types of professional drivers in Denmark. Occup Environ Med 1998; 55: 115\u2013118.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2001.7.1.23","volume":"7","author":"W Zhou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhou W, Yuan D, Ye S, Qi P, Fu C, Christiani DC . Health effects of occupational exposures to vehicle emissions in Shanghai. Int J Occup Environ Health 2001; 7: 23\u201330.","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR7","unstructured":"WHO Review of Evidence on Health Aspects of Air Pollution\u2014REVIHAAP Project: Final Technical Report. WHO: Bonn, Germany. 2013."},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.9.1132","volume":"287","author":"CA Pope 3rd","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pope CA, 3rd, Burnett RT, Thun MJ, Calle EE, Krewski D, Ito K et al. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA 2002; 287: 1132\u20131141.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000181630.15826.7d","volume":"16","author":"M Jerrett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jerrett M, Burnett RT, Ma R, Pope CA, 3rd, Krewski D, Newbold KB et al. Spatial analysis of air pollution and mortality in Los Angeles. Epidemiology 2005; 16: 727\u2013736.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61716-5","volume":"374","author":"KR Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith KR, Jerrett M, Anderson HR, Burnett RT, Stone V, Derwent R et al. Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: health implications of short-lived greenhouse pollutants. Lancet 2009; 374: 2091\u20132103.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00001805","volume":"26","author":"B Brunekreef","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brunekreef B, Forsberg B . Epidemiological evidence of effects of coarse airborne particles on health. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 309\u2013318.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103995","volume":"120","author":"K Meister","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meister K, Johansson C, Forsberg B . Estimated short-term effects of coarse particles on daily mortality in Stockholm, Sweden. Environ Health Perspect 2012; 120: 431\u2013436.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901220","volume":"118","author":"SC Anenberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Anenberg SC, Horowitz LW, Tong DQ, West JJ . An estimate of the global burden of anthropogenic ozone and fine particulate matter on premature human mortality using atmospheric modeling. Environ Health Perspect 2010; 118: 1189\u20131195.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-006-9014-0","volume":"21","author":"E Boldo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Boldo E, Medina S, LeTertre A, Hurley F, Mucke HG, Ballester F et al. Apheis: Health impact assessment of long-term exposure to PM(2.5) in 23 European cities. Eur J Epidemiol 2006; 21: 449\u2013458.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02653-2","volume":"356","author":"N Kunzli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kunzli N, Kaiser R, Medina S, Studnicka M, Chanel O, Filliger P et al. Public-health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution: a European assessment. Lancet 2000; 356: 795\u2013801.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.01.077","volume":"449","author":"M Pascal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pascal M, Corso M, Chanel O, Declercq C, Badaloni C, Cesaroni G et al. Assessing the public health impacts of urban air pollution in 25 European cities: results of the Aphekom project. Sci Total Environ 2013; 449: 390\u2013400.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-8-7","volume":"8","author":"H Orru","year":"2009","unstructured":"Orru H, Teinemaa E, Lai T, Tamm T, Kaasik M, Kimmel V et al. Health impact assessment of particulate pollution in Tallinn using fine spatial resolution and modeling techniques. Environ Health 2009; 8: 8\u20137.","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.09.015","volume":"43","author":"C Johansson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johansson C, Burman L, Forsberg B . The effects of congestions tax on air quality and health. Atmos Environ 2009; 43: 4843\u20134854.","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-006-9296-4","volume":"127","author":"C Johansson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Johansson C, Norman M, Gidhagen L . Spatial & temporal variations of PM10 and particle number concentrations in urban air. Environ Monit Assess 2007; 127: 477\u2013487.","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/1352-2310(94)90129-5","volume":"28","author":"AS Wexler","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wexler AS, Lurmann FW, Seinfeld JH . Modelling urban and regional aerosols. Model development. Atmos Environ 1994; 28: 531\u2013546.","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR21","first-page":"531","volume":"39","author":"M Beser-Hugosson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beser-Hugosson M . Quantifying uncertainties in a national forecasting model. Transport Res Part A 2005; 39: 531\u2013547.","journal-title":"Transport Res Part A"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11116-006-9110-8","volume":"34","author":"G de Jong","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Jong G, Daly A, Pieters M, Miller S, Plasmeijer R, Hofman F . Uncertainty in traffic forecasts: literature review and new results for The Netherlands. Transportation 2007; 34: 375\u2013395.","journal-title":"Transportation"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR23","first-page":"375","volume-title":"Second Conference of Environment & Transport, incl 15th Conference of Transport and Air Pollution","author":"\u00c5 Sj\u00f6din","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6din \u00c5, Ekstr\u00f6m M, Hammarstr\u00f6m U, Yahya M-R, Ericsson E, Larsson H et al. Implementation and Evaluation of the ARTEMIS Road Model for Sweden\u2019s International Reporting Obligations on Air Emissions. In: Arcueil F (ed). Second Conference of Environment & Transport, incl 15th Conference of Transport and Air Pollution. INRETS: Reims, France. 2006, pp 375\u2013382."},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.06.037","volume":"39","author":"G Omstedt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Omstedt G, Bringfelt B, Johansson C . A model for vehicle-induced non-tailpipe emissions of particles along Swedish roads. Atmos Environ 2005; 39: 6088\u20136097.","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.09.005","volume":"41","author":"M Ketzel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ketzel M, Omstedt G, Johansson C, D\u00fcring I, Pohjola M, Oettl D et al. Estimation and validation of PM2.5\/PM10 exhaust and non-exhaust emission factors for practical street pollution modelling. Atmos Environ 2007; 41: 9370\u20139385.","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR26","unstructured":"SMHI Airviro User Documentation. Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute: Norrk\u00f6ping, Sweden. 1997."},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2009.09.004","volume":"36","author":"C Kornartit","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kornartit C, Sokhi RS, Burton MA, Ravindra K . Activity pattern and personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide in indoor and outdoor microenvironments. Environ Int 2010; 36: 36\u201345.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-010-0075-6","volume":"4","author":"H Orru","year":"2012","unstructured":"Orru H, Maasikmets M, Lai T, Tamm T, Kaasik M, Kimmel V et al. Health impacts of particulate matter in five major Estonian towns: main sources of exposure and local differences. Air Qual Atmos Health 2012; 4: 247\u2013258.","journal-title":"Air Qual Atmos Health"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6684","volume":"112","author":"P Nafstad","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nafstad P, Haheim LL, Wisloff T, Gram F, Oftedal B, Holme I et al. Urban air pollution and mortality in a cohort of Norwegian men. Environ Health Perspect 2004; 112: 610\u2013615.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR30","unstructured":"Atkinson RW, Anderson HR, Medina S, I\u00f1iguez C, Forsberg B, Segerstedt B (eds) Analysis of All-Age Respiratory Hospital Admissions and Particulate Air Pollution Within the Apheis Programme. Institut de Veille Sanitaire: Saint-Maurice, France. 2005."},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR31","unstructured":"COMEAP Cardiovascular Disease and Air Pollution. A Report by the Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants. Department of Health: UK. 2006."},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR32","volume-title":"Air Pollution and Children\u2019s Health in Sweden. Report No. 6585","author":"L Nerhagen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nerhagen L, Bellander T, Forsberg B . Air Pollution and Children\u2019s Health in Sweden. Report No. 6585. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency: Stockholm, Sweden. 2013."},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02105.x","volume":"65","author":"A Bjerg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bjerg A, Sandstrom T, Lundback B, Ronmark E . Time trends in asthma and wheeze in Swedish children 1996\u20132006: prevalence and risk factors by sex. Allergy 2010; 65: 48\u201355.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.19.1690","volume":"280","author":"J Zhang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zhang J, Yu KF . What\u2019s the relative risk?: A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes. JAMA 1998; 280: 1690\u20131691.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00101108","volume":"33","author":"L Modig","year":"2009","unstructured":"Modig L, Toren K, Janson C, Jarvholm B, Forsberg B . Vehicle exhaust outside the home and onset of asthma among adults. Eur Respir J 2009; 33: 1261\u20131267.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200803-388OC","volume":"179","author":"C Schindler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schindler C, Keidel D, Gerbase MW, Zemp E, Bettschart R, Brandli O et al. Improvements in PM10 exposure and reduced rates of respiratory symptoms in a cohort of Swiss adults (SAPALDIA). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179: 579\u2013587.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR37","volume-title":"Halter av partiklar och NOx i fordon i relation till omgivnings luftens halter. Underlag f\u00f6r skattning av trafikantexponering","author":"C Johansson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johansson C, Silvergren S, Norman M, Sj\u00f6vall B . Halter av partiklar och NOx i fordon i relation till omgivnings luftens halter. Underlag f\u00f6r skattning av trafikantexponering. SLB-analys: Stockholm, Sweden. 2013."},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/698_2012_212","volume-title":"Urban Air Quality in Europe. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry","author":"G Hoek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoek G, H\u00e4nninen O, Cyrys J . Indoor-Outdoor Relationships of Particle Number and Mass in European Cities. In: Viana M (ed). Urban Air Quality in Europe. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Vol. 26. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany. 2013, pp 321\u2013339."},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.09.026","volume":"42","author":"G Hoek","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoek G, Kos G, Harrison R, de Hartog J, Meliefste K, ten Brink H et al. Indoor\u2013outdoor relationships of particle number and mass in four European cities. Atmos Environ 2008; 42: 156\u2013169.","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2012.116","volume":"23","author":"CH Fuller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fuller CH, Brugge D, Williams PL, Mittleman MA, Lane K, Durant JL et al. Indoor and outdoor measurements of particle number concentration in near-highway homes. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2013; 23: 506\u2013512.","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1080\/02786820802705837","volume":"43","author":"B Xu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xu B, Zhu Y . Quantitative analysis of the parameters affecting In-Cabin to On-Roadway (I\/O) ultrafine particle concentration ratios. Aerosol Sci Technol 2009; 43: 400\u2013410.","journal-title":"Aerosol Sci Technol"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.05.021","volume":"59","author":"N Hudda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hudda N, Eckel SR, Knibbs LD, Sioutas C, Delfino RJ, Fruin SA . Linking in-vehicle ultrafine particle exposures to on-road concentrations. Atmos Environ 2012; 59: 578\u2013586.","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2012.08.0212","volume":"13","author":"DL Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu DL, Lin M, Chan CY, Li WZ, Tao J, Li YP et al. Influences of commuting mode, air conditioning mode and meteorological parameters on fine particle (PM2.5) exposure levels in traffic microenvironments. Aerosol Air Qual Res 2013; 13: 709\u2013720.","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual Res"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-9-26","volume":"9","author":"O Burgan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burgan O, Smargiassi A, Perron S, Kosatsky T . Cardiovascular effects of sub-daily levels of ambient fine particles: a systematic review. Environ Health 2010; 9: 9\u201326.","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181f20e6c","volume":"21","author":"RJ Delfino","year":"2010","unstructured":"Delfino RJ, Staimer N, Tjoa T, Arhami M, Polidori A, Gillen DL et al. Associations of primary and secondary organic aerosols with airway and systemic inflammation in an elderly panel cohort. Epidemiology 2010; 21: 892\u2013902.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-7-29","volume":"7","author":"A Schneider","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schneider A, Hampel R, Ibald-Mulli A, Zareba W, Schmidt G, Schneider R et al. Changes in deceleration capacity of heart rate and heart rate variability induced by ambient air pollution in individuals with coronary artery disease. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010; 7: 29.","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR47","first-page":"w13597","volume":"142","author":"AJ Ghio","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ghio AJ, Sobus JR, Pleil JD, Madden MC . Controlled human exposures to diesel exhaust Swiss Med Wkly 2012; 142: w13597.","journal-title":"Controlled human exposures to diesel exhaust Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370801911340","volume":"20","author":"H Gong Jr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gong H, Jr, Linn WS, Clark KW, Anderson KR, Sioutas C, Alexis NE et al. Exposures of healthy and asthmatic volunteers to concentrated ambient ultrafine particles in Los Angeles. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 20: 533\u2013545.","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900558","volume":"117","author":"DW Graff","year":"2009","unstructured":"Graff DW, Cascio WE, Rappold A, Zhou H, Huang YC, Devlin RB . Exposure to concentrated coarse air pollution particles causes mild cardiopulmonary effects in healthy young adults. Environ Health Perspect 2009; 117: 1089\u20131094.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9386","volume":"115","author":"SD Adar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Adar SD, Adamkiewicz G, Gold DR, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Suh H . Ambient and microenvironmental particles and exhaled nitric oxide before and after a group bus trip. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115: 507\u2013512.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000249409.81050.46","volume":"18","author":"SD Adar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Adar SD, Gold DR, Coull BA, Schwartz J, Stone PH, Suh H . Focused exposures to airborne traffic particles and heart rate variability in the elderly. Epidemiology 2007; 18: 95\u2013103.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181d241fa","volume":"52","author":"RJ Laumbach","year":"2010","unstructured":"Laumbach RJ, Rich DQ, Gandhi S, Amorosa L, Schneider S, Zhang J et al. Acute changes in heart rate variability in subjects with diabetes following a highway traffic exposure. J Occup Environ Med 2010; 52: 324\u2013331.","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103898","volume":"120","author":"JP Langrish","year":"2012","unstructured":"Langrish JP, Li X, Wang S, Lee MM, Barnes GD, Miller MR et al. Reducing personal exposure to particulate air pollution improves cardiovascular health in patients with coronary heart disease. Environ Health Perspect 2012; 120: 367\u2013372.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003321","volume":"119","author":"S Weichenthal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weichenthal S, Kulka R, Dubeau A, Martin C, Wang D, Dales R . Traffic-related air pollution and acute changes in heart rate variability and respiratory function in urban cyclists. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119: 1373\u20131378.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-007-0199-7","volume":"81","author":"R Dales","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dales R, Liu L, Szyszkowicz M, Dalipaj M, Willey J, Kulka R et al. Particulate air pollution and vascular reactivity: the bus stop study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2007; 81: 159\u2013164.","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071535","volume":"357","author":"J McCreanor","year":"2007","unstructured":"McCreanor J, Cullinan P, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Stewart-Evans J, Malliarou E, Jarup L et al. Respiratory effects of exposure to diesel traffic in persons with asthma. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 2348\u20132358.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370601051727","volume":"19","author":"KW Rundell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rundell KW, Hoffman JR, Caviston R, Bulbulian R, Hollenbach AM . Inhalation of ultrafine and fine particulate matter disrupts systemic vascular function. Inhal Toxicol 2007; 19: 133\u2013140.","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.06.014","volume":"104","author":"BM Larsson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Larsson BM, Grunewald J, Sk\u00f6ld CM, Lundin A, Sandstr\u00f6m T, Eklund A et al. Limited airway effects in mild asthmatics after exposure to air pollution in a road tunnel. Respir Med 2010; 104: 1912\u20131918.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.15d15.x","volume":"15","author":"M Svartengren","year":"2000","unstructured":"Svartengren M, Strand V, Bylin G, J\u00e4rup L, Pershagen G . Short-term exposure to air pollution in a road tunnel enhances the asthmatic response to allergen. Eur Respir J 2000; 15: 716\u2013724.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00035706","volume":"29","author":"BM Larsson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Larsson BM, Sehlstedt M, Grunewald J, Sk\u00f6ld CM, Lundin A, Blomberg A et al. Road tunnel air pollution induces bronchoalveolar inflammation in healthy subjects. Eur Respir J 2007; 29: 699\u2013705.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11280-3","volume":"360","author":"G Hoek","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hoek G, Brunekreef B, Goldbohm S, Fischer P, van den Brandt PA . Association between mortality and indicators of traffic-related air pollution in the Netherlands: a cohort study. Lancet 2002; 360: 1203\u20131209.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000224541.38258.87","volume":"17","author":"U Gehring","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gehring U, Heinrich J, Kramer U, Grote V, Hochadel M, Sugiri D et al. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cardiopulmonary mortality in women. Epidemiology 2006; 17: 545\u2013551.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2012-100876","volume":"70","author":"J Heinrich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heinrich J, Thiering E, Rzehak P, Kramer U, Hochadel M, Rauchfuss KM et al. Long-term exposure to NO2 and PM10 and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort of women. Occup Environ Med 2012; 70: 179\u2013186.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.014746","volume":"62","author":"L Filleul","year":"2005","unstructured":"Filleul L, Rondeau V, Vandentorren S, Le Moual N, Cantagrel A, Annesi-Maesano I et al. Twenty five year mortality and air pollution: results from the French PAARC survey. Occup Environ Med 2005; 62: 453\u2013460.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200912-1903OC","volume":"183","author":"JE Hart","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hart JE, Garshick E, Dockery DW, Smith TJ, Ryan L, Laden F . Long-term ambient multipollutant exposures and mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183: 73\u201378.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11533","volume":"117","author":"M Jerrett","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jerrett M, Finkelstein MM, Brook JR, Arain MA, Kanaroglou P, Stieb DM et al. A cohort study of traffic-related air pollution and mortality in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Environ Health Perspect 2009; 117: 772\u2013777.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2003.09.020","volume":"321","author":"A Scoggins","year":"2004","unstructured":"Scoggins A, Kjellstrom T, Fisher G, Connor J, Gimson N . Spatial analysis of annual air pollution exposure and mortality. Sci Total Environ 2004; 321: 71\u201385.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"BFjes201524_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gidhagen L, Engardt M, L\u00f6venheim B, Johansson C . Modeling effects of climate change on air quality and population exposure in urban planning scenarios. Advances in Met 2012, 240894.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/240894"}],"container-title":["Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jes201524.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jes201524","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jes201524.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T15:17:10Z","timestamp":1647443830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jes201524"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,29]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["BFjes201524"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jes.2015.24","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0631","1559-064X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0631","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-064X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2014","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 December 2014","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2015","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}