{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:11:17Z","timestamp":1790046677173,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2016.23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T10:41:50Z","timestamp":1462963310000},"page":"221-226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Perception and reality of particulate matter exposure in New York City taxi drivers"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Gany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sehrish","family":"Bari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George D","family":"Thurston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith T","family":"Zelikoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFjes201623_CR1","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency. Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter (Final Report). Washington, DC, 2009."},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR2","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency. Particulate Matter. Available from http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pm\/ (accessed November 2016)."},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.05.021","volume":"59","author":"N Hudda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hudda N, Eckel SP, Knibbs LD, Sioutas C, Delfino RJ, Fruin SA . Linking in-vehicle ultrafine particle exposures to on-road concentrations. Atmos Environ 2012; 59: 578\u2013586.","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11169","volume":"116","author":"DY Pui","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pui DY, Qi C, Stanley N, Oberd\u00f6rster G, Maynard A . Recirculating air filtration significantly reduces exposure to airborne nanoparticles. Environ Health Perspect 2008; 116: 863\u2013866.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. World Health Organization Report: Health Effects of Black Carbon, 2012."},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312093292401","volume":"329","author":"DW Dockery","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dockery DW, Pope CA, Xu X, Spengler JD, Ware JH, Fay ME et al. An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1753\u20131759.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2013.06.009","volume":"57","author":"S Koton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koton S, Molshatzki N, Yuval, Myers V, Broday DM, Drory Y et al. Cumulative exposure to particulate matter air pollution and long-term post-myocardial infarction outcomes. Prev Med 2013; 57: 339\u2013344.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7041773","volume":"7","author":"SC Fang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fang SC, Cassidy A, Christiani DC . A systematic review of occupational exposure to particulate matter and cardiovascular disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2010; 7: 1773\u20131806.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2189","volume":"36","author":"RD Brook","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brook RD, Cakmak S, Turner MC, Brook JR, Crouse DL, Peters PA et al. Long-term fine particulate matter exposure and mortality from diabetes in Canada. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 3313\u20133320.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.55.2.115","volume":"55","author":"J Hansen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hansen J, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Olsen JH . Increased risk of lung cancer among different types of professional drivers in Denmark. Occup Environ Med 1998; 55: 115\u2013118.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.54.3.189","volume":"54","author":"R Jakobsson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jakobsson R, Gustavsson P, Lundberg I . Increased risk of lung cancer among male professional drivers in urban but not rural areas of Sweden. Occup Environ Med 1997; 54: 189\u2013193.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2009.34","volume":"20","author":"A Spira-Cohen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Spira-Cohen A, Chen LC, Kendall M, Sheesley R, Thurston GD . Personal exposures to traffic-related particle pollution among children with asthma in the South Bronx, NY. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2010; 20: 446\u2013456.","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002653","volume":"119","author":"A Spira-Cohen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Spira-Cohen A, Chen LC, Kendall M, Lall R, Thurston GD . Personal exposures to traffic-related air pollution and acute respiratory health among Bronx school children with asthma. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119: 559\u2013565.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7938","volume":"113","author":"RJ Delfino","year":"2005","unstructured":"Delfino RJ, Sioutas C, Malik S . Potential role of ultrafine particles in associations between airborne particle mass and cardiovascular health. Environ Health Perspect 2005; 113: 934\u2013946.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800319","volume":"117","author":"N Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li N, Wang M, Bramble LA, Schmitz DA, Schauer JJ, Sioutas C et al. The adjuvant effect of ambient particulate matter is closely reflected by the particulate oxidant potential. Environ Health Perspect 2009; 117: 1116\u20131123.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003321","volume":"119","author":"S Weichenthal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weichenthal S, Kulka R, Dubeau A, Martin C, Wang D, Dales R . Traffic-related air pollution and acute changes in heart rate variability and respiratory function in urban cyclists. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119: 1373\u20131378.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000245921.15916.03","volume":"48","author":"A Berger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Berger A, Zareba W, Schneider A, Ruckerl R, Ibald-Mulli A, Cyrys J et al. Runs of ventricular and supraventricular tachycardia triggered by air pollution in patients with coronary heart disease. J Occup Environm Med 2006; 48: 1149\u20131158.","journal-title":"J Occup Environm Med"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6897","volume":"112","author":"CC Chan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chan CC, Chuang KJ, Shiao GM, Lin LY . Personal exposure to submicrometer particles and heart rate variability in human subjects. Environ Health Perspect 2004; 112: 1063\u20131067.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR19","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Available from http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/air\/criteria.html (accessed November 2016)."},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2010.07.0054","volume":"10","author":"O Geiss","year":"2010","unstructured":"Geiss O, Barrero-Moreno J, Tirendi S, Kotzias D . Exposure to particulate matter in vehicle cabins of private cars. Aerosol Air Qual Res 2010; 10: 581\u2013588.","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual Res"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050029","volume":"73","author":"G Praml","year":"2000","unstructured":"Praml G, Schierl R . Dust exposure in Munich public transportation: a comprehensive 4-year survey in buses and trams. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2000; 73: 209\u2013214.","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(01)00723-9","volume":"279","author":"HS Adams","year":"2001","unstructured":"Adams HS, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Colvile RN, McMullen MA, Khandelwal P . Fine particle (PM2.5) personal exposure levels in transport microenvironments, London, UK. Sci Total Environ 2001; 279: 29\u201344.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200310-1463OC","volume":"169","author":"M Riediker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Riediker M, Cascio WE, Griggs TR, Herbst MC, Bromberg PA, Neas L et al. Particulate matter exposure in cars is associated with cardiovascular effects in healthy young men. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 169: 934\u2013940.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.55.4.249","volume":"55","author":"PL Leung","year":"1998","unstructured":"Leung PL, Harrison RM . Evaluation of personal exposure to monoaromatic hydrocarbons. Occup Environ Med 1998; 55: 249\u2013257.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.02.034","volume":"39","author":"D Westerdahl","year":"2005","unstructured":"Westerdahl D, Fruin S, Sax T, Fine PM, Sioutas C . Mobile platform measurements of ultrafine particles and associated pollutant concentrations on freeways and residential streets in Los Angeles. Atmospheric Environment 2005; 39: 3597\u20133610.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.09.057","volume":"42","author":"S Fruin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fruin S, Westerdahl D, Sax T, Sioutas C, Fine PM . Measurements and predictors of on-road ultrafine particle concentrations and associated pollutants in Los Angeles. Atmospheric Environment 2008; 42: 207\u2013219.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500165","volume":"11","author":"NE Klepeis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Klepeis NE, Nelson WC, Ott WR, Robinson JP, Tsang AM, Switzer P et al. The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 2001; 11: 231\u2013252.","journal-title":"J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.04.026","volume":"38","author":"SA Fruin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fruin SA, Winer AM, Rodes CE . Black carbon concentrations in California vehicles and estimation of in-vehicle diesel exhaust particulate matter exposures. Atmospheric Environment 2004; 38: 4123\u20134133.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR29","unstructured":"Schneider CG, Hill B . Clean Air Task Force. No Escape From Diesel Exhaust: How to Reduce Commuter Exposure. Boston, MA, 2007."},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.02.014","volume":"131","author":"AA Torricelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Torricelli AA, Matsuda M, Novaes P, Braga AL, Saldiva PH, Alves MR et al. Effects of ambient levels of traffic-derived air pollution on the ocular surface: analysis of symptoms, conjunctival goblet cell count and mucin 5AC gene expression. Environ Res 2014; 131: 59\u201363.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR31","unstructured":"Yassky D, Chhabra A, Gallo E, Miller D, 2014 Taxicab FactBook: New York City Taxi & Limousine Commission, 2014. Available from http:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/html\/tlc\/downloads\/pdf\/2014_taxicab_fact_book.pdf (accessed November 2016)."},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-3780(00)00063-7","volume":"11","author":"K Bickerstaff","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bickerstaff K, Walker G . Public understandings of air pollution: the \u201clocalisation\u201d of environmental risk. Global Environmental Change 2001; 11: 145.","journal-title":"Global Environmental Change"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR33","unstructured":"NYS Department of Environmental Conservation. Air Monitoring Sites: All Parameters, NYC Area. NYSDEC Air Monitoring Sites in NYC 2013 2013. Available from http:\/\/www.dec.ny.gov\/chemical\/27442.html."},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR34","unstructured":"Schaller Consulting. The changing face of taxi and limousine drivers, U.S., large states and metro areas and New York City Brooklyn: Schaller Consult 2004. Available fromhttp:\/\/www.schallerconsult.com\/taxi\/taxidriver.pdf (accessed November 2016)."},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR35","unstructured":"Waheed S, Romero-Alston L . UNFARE taxi drivers and the cost of moving the city. A report by the Community Development Project of the Urban Justice Center. Prepared for the New York Taxi Workers Alliance. 2003. Available from http:\/\/www.urbanjustice.org\/pdf\/publications\/Unfare.pdf (accessed November 2016)."},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-012-9682-7","volume":"15","author":"F Gany","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gany F, Gill P, Ahmed A, Acharya S, Leng J . \"Every disease\u2026 man can get can start in this cab\": focus groups to identify south Asian taxi drivers\u2019 knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about cardiovascular disease and its risks. J Immigr Minor Health 2013; 15: 986\u2013992.","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2012.0066","volume":"23","author":"F Apantaku-Onayemi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Apantaku-Onayemi F, Baldyga W, Amuwo S, Adefuye A, Mason T, Mitchell R et al. Driving to better health: cancer and cardiovascular risk assessment among taxi cab operators in Chicago. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2012; 23: 768\u2013780.","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11293","volume":"116","author":"E Garshick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garshick E, Laden F, Hart JE, Rosner B, Davis ME, Eisen EA et al. Lung cancer and vehicle exhaust in trucking industry workers. Environ Health Perspect 2008; 116: 1327\u20131332.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2011-100017","volume":"70","author":"JE Hart","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hart JE, Garshick E, Smith TJ, Davis ME, Laden F . Ischaemic heart disease mortality and years of work in trucking industry workers. Occup Environ Med 2013; 70: 523\u2013528.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR40","first-page":"1","volume":"93","author":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc","year":"2010","unstructured":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 2010; 93: 1\u2013413.","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200704-632OC","volume":"177","author":"EV Br\u00e4uner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Br\u00e4uner EV, Forchhammer L, M\u00f8ller P, Barregard L, Gunnarsen L, Afshari A et al. Indoor particles affect vascular function in the aged: an air filtration-based intervention study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177: 419\u2013425.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR42","unstructured":"Glasgow RE . National Cancer Institute. Health Behavior Constructs: Theory, Measurement & Research. Perceived Barriers to Self-Management and Preventive Behaviors Colorado: Kaiser Permanente. Available from http:\/\/cancercontrol.cancer.gov\/BRP\/constructs\/barriers\/index.html (accessed November 2016)."},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR43","volume-title":"Compliance in Health Care","author":"MH Becker","year":"1979","unstructured":"Becker MH, Maiman LA, Kirscht JP, Haefner DP, Drachman RH, Taylor DW . Patient perceptions and compliance: recent studies of the Health Belief Model. In: RBHDL Sckett (ed). Compliance in Health Care. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore. 1979."},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198104263660","volume":"31","author":"A Bandura","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bandura A . Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Educ Behav 2004; 31: 143.","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-10.4.282","volume":"10","author":"D Stokols","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stokols D . Translating social ecological theory into guidelines for community health promotion. Am J Health Promot 1996; 10: 282\u2013298.","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot"},{"key":"BFjes201623_CR46","first-page":"5283","volume":"V38","author":"C Restrepo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Restrepo C, Zimmerman R, Thurston G, Clemente J, Gorczynski J, Zhong M et al. A comparison of ground-level air quality data with New York State Department of Environmental Conservation monitoring stations data in South Bronx, New York. Atmospheric Environment 2004; V38: 5283\u20135294.","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"}],"container-title":["Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jes201623.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jes201623","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jes201623.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T15:18:39Z","timestamp":1647443919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jes201623"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["BFjes201623"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jes.2016.23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0631","1559-064X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0631","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-064X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 October 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}