{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T07:55:42Z","timestamp":1778658942094,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,26]],"date-time":"2014-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Hum Hypertens"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2014.43","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,26]],"date-time":"2014-06-26T11:45:09Z","timestamp":1403783109000},"page":"663-669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Diabetes and CVD risk during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker treatment in hypertension: a study of 15\u2009990 patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"L P","family":"Hasvold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Bodeg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Thuresson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"St\u00e5lhammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Hammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Sundstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S E","family":"Kjeldsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200308000-00022","volume":"21","author":"LH Lindholm","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lindholm LH, Persson M, Alaupovic P, Carlberg B, Svensson A, Samuelsson O . Metabolic outcome during 1 year in newly detected hypertensives: results of the Antihypertensive Treatment and Lipid Profile in a North of Sweden Efficacy Evaluation (ALPINE study). J Hypertens 2003; 21: 1563\u20131574.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000160198.05416.72","volume":"23","author":"KA Jandeleit-Dahm","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Tikellis C, Reid CM, Johnston CI, Cooper ME . Why blockade of the renin-angiotensin system reduces the incidence of new-onset diabetes. J Hypertens 2005; 23: 463\u2013473.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1586\/14779072.6.9.1195","volume":"6","author":"T Ogihara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ogihara T, Fujimoto A, Nakao K, Saruta T and CASE-J Trial Group. ARB candesartan and CCB amlodipine in hypertensive patients: the CASE-J trial. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2008; 6: 1195\u20131201.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001121","volume":"362","author":"The NAVIGATOR Study Group","year":"2010","unstructured":"The NAVIGATOR Study Group. Effect of valsartan on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 1477\u20131490.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60108-1","volume":"369","author":"WJ Elliott","year":"2007","unstructured":"Elliott WJ, Meyer PM . Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis. Lancet 2007; 369: 201\u2013207.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.05.028","volume":"90","author":"CC Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen CC, Chiang AN, Hsieh MH . Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 90: e25\u2013e26.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR7","first-page":"136","volume":"311","author":"C Manrique","year":"2014","unstructured":"Manrique C, Lastra G, Sowers JR . New insights into insulin action and resistance in the vasculature. Ann NY Acad Sci 2014; 311: 136\u2013156.","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02213-3","volume":"355","author":"B Pitt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pitt B, Poole-Wilson PA, Segal R, Martinez FA, Dickstein K, Camm AJ et al. Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomised trial\u2014the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II. Lancet 2000; 355: 1582\u20131587.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801317","volume":"358","author":"ONTARGET investigators","year":"2008","unstructured":"ONTARGET investigators. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1547\u20131559.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2009.77","volume":"24","author":"SE Kjeldsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kjeldsen SE, Stalhammar J, Hasvold P, Bodegard J, Olsson U, Russell D . Effects of losartan vs candesartan in reducing cardiovascular events in the primary treatment of hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 24: 263\u2013273.","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3109\/03009734.2011.653015","volume":"117","author":"M Martinell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martinell M, Stalhammar J, Hallqvist J . Automated data extraction\u2014a feasible way to construct patient registers of primary care utilization. Ups J Med Sci 2012; 117: 52\u201356.","journal-title":"Ups J Med Sci"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450","volume":"11","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ludvigsson JF, Andersson A, Ekbom A, Feychting M, Kim J-L, Reuterwall C et al. External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register. BMC Public Health 2011; 11: 450.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3109\/02813432.2012.675565","volume":"30","author":"O Rolandsson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rolandsson O, Norberg M, Nystr\u00f6m L, S\u00f6derberg S, Svensson M, Lindahl B et al. How to diagnose and classify diabetes in primary health care: lessons learned from the Diabetes Register in Northern Sweden (DiabNorth). Scand J Primary Health Care 2012; 30: 81\u201387.","journal-title":"Scand J Primary Health Care"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.12.2898","volume":"27","author":"A Juutilainen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Juutilainen A, Kortelainen S, Lehto S, R\u00f6nnemaa T, Py\u00f6r\u00e4l\u00e4 K, Laakso M . Gender difference in the impact of type 2 diabetes on coronary heart disease risk. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 2898\u20132904.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12037","volume":"30","author":"M Novak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Novak M, Bj\u00f6rck L, Giang KW, Heden-St\u00e5hl C, Wilhelmsen L, Rosengren A . Perceived stress and incidence of Type 2 diabetes: a 35-year follow-up study of middle-aged Swedish men. Diabet Med 2013; 30: e8\u2013e16.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR16","first-page":"804","volume":"40","author":"E Agardh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Agardh E, Allebeck P, Hallqvist P, Tahereh Moradi T, Sidorchuk A . Type 2 diabetes incidence and socio-economic position: a systematic review and meta-analysis Int. J Epidemiol 2011; 40: 804\u2013818.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00114-3","volume":"11","author":"RM Conroy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, Sans S, Menotti A, De Backer G et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003; 11: 987\u20131003.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.06.031","volume":"75","author":"S Tiikkaja","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tiikkaja S, Olsson M, Malki N, Modin B, Spar\u00e9n P . Familial risk of premature cardiovascular mortality and the impact of intergenerational occupational class mobility. Soc Sci Med 2012; 75: 1883\u20131890.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.113.000359","volume":"6","author":"MA Brookhart","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brookhart MA, Wyss R, Layton JB, St\u00fcrmer T . Propensity score methods for confounding control in nonexperimental research. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2013; 6: 604\u2013611.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","volume":"70","author":"PR Rosenbaum","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rosenbaum PR, Rubin DB . The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika 1983; 70: 41\u201355.","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.433","volume":"10","author":"PC Austin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Austin PC . Optimal caliper widths for propensity-score matching when estimating differences in means and differences in proportions in observational studies. Pharm Stat 2011; 10: 150\u2013161.","journal-title":"Pharm Stat"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v042.i07","volume":"42","author":"JS Sekhon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sekhon JS . Multivariate and propensity score matching software with automated balance optimization. J Stat Software 2011; 42: 1\u201352.","journal-title":"J Stat Software"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.112.007278","volume":"65","author":"MC Michel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Michel MC, Foster C, Brunner HR, Liu L . A systematic comparison of the properties of clinically used angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65: 809\u2013848.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-8-18","volume":"8","author":"P Bramlage","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bramlage P, Hasford J . Blood pressure reduction, persistence and costs in the evaluation of antihypertensive drug treatment \u2013 a review. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2009; 8: 18.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(98)80130-6","volume":"20","author":"BS Bloom","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bloom BS . Continuation of initial antihypertensive medication after 1 year of therapy. Clin Ther 1998; 20: 671\u2013681.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2007.07194.x","volume":"9","author":"BV Patel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Patel BV, Remigio-Baker RA, Mehta D, Thiebaud P, Frech-Tamas F, Preblick R . Effects of initial antihypertensive drug class on patient persistence and compliance in a usual-care setting in the United States. J Clin Hypertens 2007; 9: 692\u2013700.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"BFjhh201443_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1000816","volume":"13","author":"WJ Elliott","year":"1999","unstructured":"Elliott WJ . Double-blind comparison of eprosartan and enalapril on cough and blood pressure in unselected hypertensive patients. Eprosartan Study Group. J Hum Hypertens 1999; 13: 413\u2013417.","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"}],"container-title":["Journal of Human Hypertension"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jhh201443.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jhh201443","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jhh201443.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T17:36:47Z","timestamp":1684431407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jhh201443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,26]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["BFjhh201443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jhh.2014.43","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-9240","1476-5527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-9240","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 February 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2014","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2014","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2014","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"LPH is enrolled at the PhD School of the University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine. LPH, NH and JB are employed by AstraZeneca. AstraZeneca sells candesartan in many markets. Candesartan has lost patent protection. MT is employed by an independent statistical consultant company, Statisticon, for which AZ is a client. J St\u00e5lhammar has received honoraria for lecturing\/consulting and other research support from AZ. J Sundstr\u00f6m has received honoraria for advisory board participation from AZ. DR has received honoraria for lecturing\/consulting and other research support from AZ, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer and Bayer. SEK has received honoraria for lecturing\/consulting and other research support from AZ, Bayer, Medtronic, MSD, Pronova, Serodus and Takeda.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}