{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:14:58Z","timestamp":1791357298464,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,2]],"date-time":"2015-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1034,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jidonline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,20]],"date-time":"2012-09-20T05:11:30Z","timestamp":1348117890000},"page":"489-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3 Are Potential Inducers of Fas-Mediated Keratinocyte Apoptosis through Activation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Viard-Leveugle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Gaide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragana","family":"Jankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Feldmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Kerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Pickard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Roques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter S.","family":"Friedmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Contassot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars E.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64284-8","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome are induced by soluble Fas ligand","volume":"162","author":"Abe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.0452","article-title":"Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels by differentiation and cytokines in human keratinocytes","volume":"220","author":"Arany","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00084.x","article-title":"Nitric oxide in human skin: current status and future prospects","volume":"110","author":"Bruch-Gerharz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07211.x","article-title":"Elevated circulating CD40 ligand in patients with erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis spectrum","volume":"154","author":"Caproni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4311","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.11.4311","article-title":"Caspase activation is required for nitric oxide-mediated, CD95(APO-1\/Fas)-dependent and independent apoptosis in human neoplastic lymphoid cells","volume":"91","author":"Chlichlia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/428486a","article-title":"Medical genetics: a marker for Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"428","author":"Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1884","article-title":"Granulysin is a key mediator for disseminated keratinocyte death in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"14","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680250078010","article-title":"Cutaneous T-cell recruitment in toxic epidermal necrolysis. Further evidence of CD8+ lymphocyte involvement","volume":"129","author":"Correia","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.55.9","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens Johnson syndrome: our current understanding","volume":"55","author":"French","year":"2006","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e31817db8c8","article-title":"Blister fluid composition in a pediatric patient with toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"29","author":"Gandhi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041570117","article-title":"\u201cMacrophage\u201d nitric oxide synthase is a glucocorticoid-inhibitable primary response gene in 3T3 cells","volume":"157","author":"Gilbert","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2009.00616.x","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis successfully treated with etanercept","volume":"36","author":"Gubinelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)36601-3","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor suppresses nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production by keratinocytes. Potential role for nitric oxide in the regulation of wound healing","volume":"267","author":"Heck","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4134","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409500102","article-title":"HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol","volume":"102","author":"Hung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.06.029","article-title":"Rapid resolution of toxic epidermal necrolysis with anti-TNF-alpha treatment","volume":"116","author":"Hunger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.84.3.253","article-title":"Nitric oxide as a bifunctional regulator of apoptosis","volume":"84","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00439.x","article-title":"Dual effect of nitric oxide in immortalized and malignant human oral keratinocytes: induction of apoptosis and differentiation","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00816.x","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase in toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Lerner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-202X(89)90196-6","article-title":"Post-mitotic human dermal fibroblasts efficiently support the growth of human follicular keratinocytes","volume":"92","author":"Limat","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200702000313","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expression of apoptotic markers in drug-induced erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"20","author":"Marzano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.07.047","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis: effector cells are drug-specific cytotoxic T cells","volume":"114","author":"Nassif","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.23439.x","article-title":"Evaluation of the potential role of cytokines in toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"123","author":"Nassif","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00692.x","article-title":"The inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of a nitric oxide releasing cream on normal skin","volume":"113","author":"Ormerod","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200211000-00029","article-title":"Recurrent fatal drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell\u2019s syndrome) after putative beta-lactam cross-reactivity: Case report and scrutiny of antibiotic imputability","volume":"30","author":"Paquet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-005-0607-3","article-title":"Analytical quantification of the inflammatory cell infiltrate and CD95R expression during treatment of drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"297","author":"Paquet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0135","first-page":"29","article-title":"Drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and pancytopenia: a puzzling association","volume":"16","author":"Paquet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690050073012","article-title":"Macrophages and tumor necrosis factor alpha in toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"130","author":"Paquet","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1159\/000097652","article-title":"Glutathione-S-transferase pi expression in toxic epidermal necrolysis: a marker of putative oxidative stress in keratinocytes","volume":"20","author":"Paquet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.11.010","article-title":"FcgammaRIII-dependent inhibition of interferon-gamma responses mediates suppressive effects of intravenous immune globulin","volume":"26","author":"Park-Min","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1086\/512203","article-title":"Mutations in STRA6 cause a broad spectrum of malformations including anophthalmia, congenital heart defects, diaphragmatic hernia, alveolar capillary dysplasia, lung hypoplasia, and mental retardation","volume":"80","author":"Pasutto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb06976.x","article-title":"Apoptosis as a mechanism of keratinocyte death in toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"134","author":"Paul","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1159\/000070957","article-title":"Effect of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a retrospective, multicenter study","volume":"207","author":"Prins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1159\/000100880","volume":"214","author":"Quaglino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/000155599750010689","article-title":"Blister fluid cytokines in cutaneous inflammatory bullous disorders","volume":"79","author":"Rhodes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70333-D","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome)","volume":"23","author":"Roujeau","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1990.01670250043005","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome). Incidence and drug etiology in France, 1981\u20131985","volume":"126","author":"Roujeau","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.8.1205","article-title":"Conversion of membrane-bound Fas(CD95) ligand to its soluble form is associated with downregulation of its proapoptotic activity and loss of liver toxicity","volume":"187","author":"Schneider","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1997.tb02748.x","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of nitric oxide synthase in normal human skin: expression of endothelial-type and inducible-type nitric oxide synthase in keratinocytes","volume":"24","author":"Shimizu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700648","article-title":"Soluble FAS ligand: a discriminating feature between drug-induced skin eruptions and viral exanthemas","volume":"127","author":"Stur","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.1.39","article-title":"Analysis of intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis using SCORTEN: The University of Miami Experience","volume":"139","author":"Trent","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5388.490","article-title":"Inhibition of toxic epidermal necrolysis by blockade of CD95 with human intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"282","author":"Viard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16183","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212188200","article-title":"Intracellular localization of keratinocyte Fas ligand explains lack of cytolytic activity under physiological conditions","volume":"278","author":"Viard-Leveugle","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1992.01680110060006","article-title":"Immunopathology of toxic epidermal necrolysis. Keratinocytes, HLA-DR expression, Langerhans cells, and mononuclear cells: an immunopathologic study of five cases","volume":"128","author":"Villada","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/jid.2012.330_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0462","article-title":"Beneficial and rapid effect of infliximab on the course of toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"88","author":"Wojtkiewicz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Investigative Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022202X15360875?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022202X15360875?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]],"date-time":"2025-04-06T16:32:01Z","timestamp":1743957121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022202X15360875"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022202X15360875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jid.2012.330","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-202X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-202X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3 Are Potential Inducers of Fas-Mediated Keratinocyte Apoptosis through Activation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jid.2012.330","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}