{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:46:43Z","timestamp":1792176403953,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2014.114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T17:02:04Z","timestamp":1402592524000},"page":"867-872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Variation in treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome in US Children's Hospitals, 2004\u20132011"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"S W","family":"Patrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H C","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Passarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M M","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S A","family":"Lorch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"BFjp2014114_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2010\/13\/401","volume":"13","author":"L Manchikanti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Fellows B, Ailinani H, Pampati V . Therapeutic use, abuse, and nonmedical use of opioids: a ten-year perspective. Pain Physician 2010; 13 (5): 401\u2013435.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"26","key":"BFjp2014114_CR2","first-page":"869","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2011","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Drug overdose deaths\u2014Florida, 2003-2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011; 60 (26): 869\u2013872.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"43","key":"BFjp2014114_CR3","first-page":"1487","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2011","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vital signs: overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers\u2014United States, 1999\u20132008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011; 60 (43): 1487\u20131481.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"BFjp2014114_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31824ea276","volume":"119","author":"AA Creanga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Creanga AA, Sabel JC, Ko JY, Wasserman CR, Shapiro-Mendoza CK, Taylor P et al. Maternal drug use and its effect on neonates: a population-based study in Washington State. Obstet Gynecol 2012; 119 (5): 924\u2013933.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"BFjp2014114_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.05.017","volume":"23","author":"RA Epstein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Epstein RA, Bobo WV, Martin PR, Morrow JA, Wang W, Chandrasekhar R et al. Increasing pregnancy-related use of prescribed opioid analgesics. Ann Epidemiol 2013; 23 (8): 498\u2013503.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"BFjp2014114_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.3951","volume":"307","author":"SW Patrick","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patrick SW, Schumacher RE, Benneyworth BD, Krans EE, McAllister JM, Davis MM . Neonatal abstinence syndrome and associated health care expenditures: United States, 2000-2009. JAMA 2012; 307 (18): 1934\u20131940.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFjp2014114_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e540","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3212","volume":"129","author":"ML Hudak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hudak ML, Tan RC . Neonatal drug withdrawal. Pediatrics 2012; 129 (2): e540\u2013e560.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BFjp2014114_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osborn DA, Jeffery HE, Cole MJ . Opiate treatment for opiate withdrawal in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (10): ) CD002059.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002059.pub3"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFjp2014114_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211427","volume":"26","author":"S Sarkar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sarkar S, Donn SM . Management of neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonatal intensive care units: a national survey. J Perinatol 2006; 26 (1): 15\u201317.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"BFjp2014114_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F463","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.095166","volume":"91","author":"N Nandakumar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nandakumar N, Sankar V . What is the best evidence based management of neonatal abstinence syndrome? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2006; 91 (6): F463.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"BFjp2014114_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F249","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2008.152769","volume":"94","author":"M O\u2019Grady","year":"2009","unstructured":"O\u2019Grady M, Hopewell J, White M . Management of neonatal abstinence syndrome: a national survey and review of practice. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2009; 94: F249\u2013F252.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"BFjp2014114_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-013-0710-8","volume":"34","author":"B Moffett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moffett B, Valdes S, Kim J . Amiodarone monitoring practices in pediatric hospitals in the United States. Pediatric Cardiol 2013; 34: 1762\u20131766.","journal-title":"Pediatric Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFjp2014114_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1835","volume":"131","author":"J Slaughter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Slaughter J, Stenger M, Reagan P . Variation in the use of diuretic therapy for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics (Evanston) 2013; 131 (4): 716\u2013723.","journal-title":"Pediatrics (Evanston)"},{"issue":"7","key":"BFjp2014114_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318289b690","volume":"38","author":"L McLeod","year":"2013","unstructured":"McLeod L, Keren R, Gerber J, French B, Song L, Sampson N et al. Perioperative antibiotic use for spinal surgery procedures in US children's hospitals. Spine (Phila PA 1976) 2013; 38 (7): 609\u2013616.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila PA 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFjp2014114_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e367","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3085","volume":"126","author":"HC Kaplan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kaplan HC, Tabangin ME, McClendon D, Meinzen-Derr J, Margolis PA, Donovan E . Understanding variation in vitamin A supplementation among NICUs. Pediatrics (Evanston) 2010; 126 (2): e367\u2013e373.","journal-title":"Pediatrics (Evanston)"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFjp2014114_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e945","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1809","volume":"129","author":"MR Stenger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stenger MR, Slaughter JL, Kelleher K, Shepherd EG, Klebanoff MA, Reagan P et al. Hospital variation in nitric oxide use for premature infants. Pediatrics (Evanston) 2012; 129 (4): e945\u2013e951.","journal-title":"Pediatrics (Evanston)"},{"issue":"5","key":"BFjp2014114_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2010.01130.x","volume":"45","author":"JHRP Silber","year":"2010","unstructured":"Silber JH RP, Brachet TJ, Ross RN, Bressler LJ, Even-Shoshan O, Lorch SA, Volpp KG . The Hospital Compare mortality model and the volume-outcome relationship. Health services research 2010; 45 (5): 1148\u20131167.","journal-title":"Health services research"},{"key":"BFjp2014114_CR18","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Risk Adjustment for Measuring Health Outcomes","author":"AS Ash","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ash AS, Schwartz M, Pekoz EA . Comparing outcomes across providers In: Iezzoni L (ed). Risk Adjustment for Measuring Health Outcomes, 3 edn. Health Administration Press: Chicago, IL, USA, 2003 pp 297\u2013333."},{"key":"BFjp2014114_CR19","unstructured":"International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision\u2014Clinical Modification. American Medical Association: Chicago, IL, USA, 2008."},{"issue":"5","key":"BFjp2014114_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adnc.2005.06.003","volume":"5","author":"S Lainwala","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lainwala S, Brown E, Weinschenk N, Blackwell M, Hagadorn J . A retrospective study of length of hospital stay in infants treated for neonatal abstinence syndrome with methadone versus oral morphine preparations. Adv Neonatal Care 2005; 5 (5): 265\u2013272.","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"BFjp2014114_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03170.x","volume":"106","author":"WK Kraft","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kraft WK, Dysart K, Greenspan JS, Gibson E, Kaltenbach K, Ehrlich ME . Revised dose schema of sublingual buprenorphine in the treatment of the neonatal opioid abstinence syndrome. Addiction 2011; 106 (3): 574\u2013580.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"BFjp2014114_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1M758","volume":"44","author":"K O'Mara","year":"2010","unstructured":"O'Mara K, Gal P, Davanzo C . Treatment of neonatal withdrawal with clonidine after long-term, high-dose maternal use of tramadol. Ann Pharmacother 2010; 44 (7\u20138): 1342\u20131344.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"BFjp2014114_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osborn DA, Jeffery HE, Cole MJ . Sedatives for opiate withdrawal in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (10).","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002053.pub3"},{"issue":"11","key":"BFjp2014114_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2004.06.012","volume":"11","author":"F Autret","year":"2004","unstructured":"Autret F, Mucignat V, Montgolfier-Aubron ID, Blond M, Ducrocq S, Lebas F et al. [Use of diazepam in the treatment of opioid neonatal abstinence syndrome]. Arch Pediatr 2004; 11 (11): 1308\u20131313.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr"},{"issue":"21","key":"BFjp2014114_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa065029","volume":"356","author":"C Phibbs","year":"2007","unstructured":"Phibbs C, Baker L, Caughey A, Danielsen B, Schmitt S, Phibbs R . Level and volume of neonatal intensive care and mortality in very-low-birth-weight infants. N Engl J Med 2007; 356 (21): 2165\u20132175.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"BFjp2014114_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e849","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0978","volume":"123","author":"AG Agthe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Agthe AG, Kim GR, Mathias KB, Hendrix CW, Chavez-Valdez R, Jansson L et al. Clonidine as an adjunct therapy to opioids for neonatal abstinence syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2009; 123 (5): e849\u2013e856.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"BFjp2014114_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.123099","volume":"140","author":"MG Coyle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Coyle MG, Ferguson A, Lagasse L, Oh W, Lester B . Diluted tincture of opium (DTO) and phenobarbital versus DTO alone for neonatal opiate withdrawal in term infants. J Pediatr 2002; 140 (5): 561\u2013564.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFjp2014114_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-135-2-200107170-00012","volume":"135","author":"A Localio","year":"2001","unstructured":"Localio A, Berlin J, Have TT, Kimmel S . Adjustments for center in multicenter studies: an overview. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135 (2): 112\u2013123.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFjp2014114_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2006.00610.x","volume":"12","author":"S Dodd","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dodd S, Bassi A, Bodger K, Williamson P . A comparison of multivariable regression models to analyse cost data. J Eval Clin Practice 2006; 12 (1): 76\u201386.","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Practice"},{"issue":"17","key":"BFjp2014114_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1442","volume":"22","author":"PC Austin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Austin PC, Ghali WA, Tu JV . A comparison of several regression models for analysing cost of CABG surgery. Stat Med 2003; 22 (17): 2799\u20132815.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"BFjp2014114_CR31","unstructured":"US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Consumer Price Index. 2010 (cited on 11\/5\/2010]. Available at http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cpi\/."},{"issue":"6","key":"BFjp2014114_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.6.1079","volume":"101","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on Drugs","year":"1998","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on Drugs. Neonatal drug withdrawal. Pediatrics 1998; 101 (6): 1079\u20131088.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"BFjp2014114_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.01.012","volume":"30","author":"MC McCormick","year":"2006","unstructured":"McCormick MC, Escobar GJ, Zheng Z, Richardson DK . Place of birth and variations in management of late preterm (\u2018near-term\u2019) infants. Sem Perinatol 2006; 30 (1): 44\u201347.","journal-title":"Sem Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFjp2014114_CR34","first-page":"173","volume":"166","author":"K Sankaran","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sankaran K, Chien LY, Walker R, Seshia M, Ohlsson A . Variations in mortality rates among Canadian neonatal intensive care units. Can Med Assoc J 2002; 166 (2): 173\u2013178.","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFjp2014114_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.4.781","volume":"113","author":"BR Vohr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vohr BR, Wright LL, Dusick AM, Perritt R, Poole WK, Tyson JE et al. Center differences and outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 2004; 113 (4): 781\u2013789.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFjp2014114_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s10928-006-9018-0","volume":"33","author":"F Yang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yang F, Tong X MD, Hines RN, Beard DA . Population-based analysis of methadone distribution and metabolism using an age-dependent physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2006; 33 (4): 485\u2013518.","journal-title":"J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn"},{"key":"BFjp2014114_CR37","unstructured":"Methadone. Physicians' Desk Reference 2013 (cited 12 June 2013). Available at http:\/\/www.pdr.net\/drug-summary\/methadone-hydrochloride-injection?druglabelid=1069&id=3154-10."},{"key":"BFjp2014114_CR38","unstructured":"Morphine Sulfate. Physicians' Desk Reference 2013 (cited 12 June 2013). Available at http:\/\/www.pdr.net\/drug-summary\/morphine-sulfate-oral-solution?druglabelid=1228&id=1189."},{"issue":"5","key":"BFjp2014114_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.07.006","volume":"59","author":"WK Kraft","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kraft WK, Nan den Anker JN . Pharmacologic management of the opioid neonatal abstinence syndrome. Pediatr Clin North Am 2012; 59 (5): 1147\u20131165.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"24","key":"BFjp2014114_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005359","volume":"363","author":"HE Jones","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jones HE, Kaltenbach K, Heil SH, Stine SM, Coyle MG, Arria AM et al. Neonatal abstinence syndrome after methadone or buprenorphine exposure. N Engl J Med 2010; 363 (24): 2320\u20132331.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"BFjp2014114_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230701494416","volume":"26","author":"L Burns","year":"2007","unstructured":"Burns L, Mattick RP . Using population data to examine the prevalence and correlates of neonatal abstinence syndrome. Drug Alcohol Rev 2007; 26 (5): 487\u2013492.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"BFjp2014114_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03120.x","volume":"105","author":"BJ Cleary","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cleary BJ, Donnelly J, Strawbridge J, Gallagher PJ, Fahey T, Clarke M, Murphy DJ . Methadone dose and neonatal abstinence syndrome-systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2010; 105 (12): 2071\u20132084.","journal-title":"Addiction"}],"container-title":["Journal of Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jp2014114.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jp2014114","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jp2014114.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T15:03:13Z","timestamp":1647615793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/jp2014114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["BFjp2014114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jp.2014.114","relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-8346","1476-5543"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0743-8346","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5543","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 January 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2014","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2014","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2014","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}