{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T04:18:09Z","timestamp":1773980289441,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1978,10,1]],"date-time":"1978-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":276048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,7]],"date-time":"2015-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13581,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Kidney International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,10]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,20]],"date-time":"2007-06-20T12:11:53Z","timestamp":1182341513000},"page":"340-348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Abnormal amino acid and protein metabolism in uremia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Joel D.","family":"Kopple","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0010","first-page":"25","article-title":"Body composition in chronic renal failure","volume":"41","author":"Coles","year":"1972","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0015","first-page":"S-64","article-title":"Protein and amino acid metabolism in uremic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"7","author":"Kopple","year":"1975","journal-title":"Kidney hit"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0020","first-page":"514","article-title":"V.A. cooperative dialysis study participants: Incidence of nutritional abnormal-ities in uremic patients entering dialysis therapy","volume":"10","author":"Blumenkrantz","year":"1976","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.50.4.590","article-title":"Calorie deficiency in children with uremia: Effect upon growth","volume":"50","author":"Holliday","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(75)90316-2","article-title":"Plasma amino acids and protein levels in chronic renal failure and changes caused by oral supplements of essential amino acids","volume":"61","author":"Young","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0035","first-page":"235","article-title":"Long-term effects of essential amino acids supplementation in patients on regular dialysis treatment","volume":"3","author":"Heidland","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0040","unstructured":"YOUNG GA, OLI HI, DAVISON AM, PARSONS FM: The effects of calorie and essential amino acid supplementation on plasma proteins in patients with chronic renal failure. Am J C\/in Nutr, in press"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0045","series-title":"Clinical Aspects of Uremia and Dialysis","first-page":"241","article-title":"Nitrogen metabolism","author":"Kopple","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1976.134","article-title":"Plasma amino acids in children and adolescents on hemodialysis","volume":"10","author":"Counahan","year":"1976","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0055","unstructured":"JoNES MR, K0PPLE JD: Valine metabolism in normal and chronically uremic man. Am J C\/in Nuir, in press"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1976.103","article-title":"Variations in muscle cell protein of severely uremic children","volume":"10","author":"Delaporte","year":"1976","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0390423","article-title":"Albumin metabolism in chronic renal failure","volume":"39","author":"Coles","year":"1970","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0070","series-title":"Plasma Protein Turnover","first-page":"237","article-title":"Albumin depletion in uremic patients on conservative management, chapter 19","author":"Bianchi","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0075","unstructured":"BIANCI-II R, MARIANI C, TONI MG, CARMAS5I F: The metabolism of human serum albumin in renal failure on conservative and dialysis therapy. Am J C\/in Nutr, in press"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1977.66","article-title":"Potassium homeostasis in renal failure","volume":"11","author":"Van Ypersele De Strihou","year":"1977","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0085","unstructured":"LETTER? JM. ELLIS KJ, A5AD SN, COHN SH: Serial measurement of total body potassium in chronic renal disease. Am J C\/in Nufr, in press"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197209072871002","article-title":"Albumin kinetics and nutritional rehabilitation in the unattended home-dialysis patient","volume":"287","author":"Fish","year":"1972","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108709","article-title":"Influence of chronic renal failure on protein synthesis and albumin metabolism in rat liver","volume":"59","author":"Grossman","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0100","first-page":"302","article-title":"Optimal dietary protein treatment during chronic hemodialysis","volume":"15","author":"Kopple","year":"1969","journal-title":"Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0105","series-title":"Renal Insufficiency","first-page":"169","article-title":"Serum levels of trace proteins in continued substitution of essential amino acids combined with low protein diet in patients with end-stage renal failure","author":"Kult","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(76)90142-X","article-title":"\u03b11-Microglobulin, a new low molecular weight plasma protein","volume":"73","author":"Svensson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106083","article-title":"Differentiation of glomerular, tubular, and normal proteinuria: Determinations of urinary excretion of \u03b22-microglobulin, albumin, and total protein","volume":"48","author":"Peterson","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0120","series-title":"Renal Insufficiency","first-page":"115","article-title":"Low molecular serum proteins in uremic patients","author":"Kult","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)91350-0","article-title":"Urinary lysozyme, ribonuclease, and low-molecular-weight protein in renal disease","volume":"1","author":"Harrison","year":"1968","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106741","article-title":"The effects of diseases of the liver, thyroid, and kidneys on the transport of vitamin A in human plasma","volume":"50","author":"Smith","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(76)90077-2","article-title":"An assessment of the clinical usefulness of plasma ribonuclease assays","volume":"72","author":"Shenkin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0140","first-page":"934","article-title":"The roles of renal catabolism and uremia in modifying the clearance of fibrinogen and its degradative fragments D and E","volume":"87","author":"Iio","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.126.2.207","article-title":"The role of the kidney in the catabolism of Bence-Jones proteins and immunoglobulin fragments","volume":"126","author":"Wochner","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0150","first-page":"143","article-title":"Uremic middle molecules","volume":"5","author":"Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0155","series-title":"Recommended Dietary Allowances","first-page":"25","author":"Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0160","first-page":"228","article-title":"Amino acid and protein intake in RDT patients: A nutritional and biochemical analysis","volume":"3","author":"Schaeffer","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1977.36","article-title":"Effect of uremia on nutritionally-induced variations in protein metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Holliday","year":"1977","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0170","series-title":"Clinical Aspects of Uremia and Dialysis","first-page":"453","article-title":"Dietary requirements, chapter 15","author":"Kopple","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5650.141","article-title":"Active uptake of copper and zinc during haemodialysis","volume":"2","author":"Blomfield","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0180","series-title":"Abstracts Eleventh Annual Contractors' Conference","first-page":"103","article-title":"Trace element abnormalities in chronic uremia","author":"Alfrey","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-197301900-00052","article-title":"The free and bound amino acids removed by hemodialysis","volume":"19","author":"Kopple","year":"1973","journal-title":"Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0190","unstructured":"WATI-IEN RL, KE5HAVIAH P, HOMMEYER P. CADwE? L K, COMFY CM: The metabolic effects of hemodialysis with and without glucose in the dialysate. Am J C\/in Nutr, in press"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0195","first-page":"135","article-title":"Blood loss during maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"20","author":"Longnecker","year":"1974","journal-title":"Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1159\/000180871","article-title":"Correctable factors contributing to the anemia of dialysis patients","volume":"19","author":"Linton","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0205","first-page":"488","article-title":"Gastrointestinal blood loss and iron deficiency in patients on chronic hemodialysis","volume":"12","author":"Rosenblatt","year":"1977","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0210","first-page":"S-79","article-title":"Vitamin nutrition in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"7","author":"Kopple","year":"1975","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0215","first-page":"412A","article-title":"Increased metabolic clearance of pyridoxal-5-phosphate in uremia","volume":"24","author":"Spannuth","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Res"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0220","first-page":"233","article-title":"Vitamin B6 deficiency in uremia and its implications for the depression of immune responses","volume":"5","author":"Dobblstein","year":"1974","journal-title":"Kidney hit"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0225","first-page":"834","article-title":"Inhibition of the membrane transport of folates by anions retained in uremia","volume":"86","author":"Jennette","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0230","first-page":"997","article-title":"Abnormal folate binding protein(s) in azotemic patients","volume":"42","author":"Hines","year":"1973","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0235","first-page":"195","article-title":"Nutritional osteomalacia","volume":"38","author":"Dent","year":"1969","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108184","article-title":"25-Hydroxycholecalciferol stimulation of muscle metabolism","volume":"56","author":"Birge","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1977.35","article-title":"Effect of 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol on impaired calcium transport by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in experimental uremia","volume":"11","author":"Matthews","year":"1977","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0250","first-page":"407","article-title":"Management of renal osteodystrophy with l,25(OH)2 and l\u03b1(OH)-Vitamin D3: Experience with 36 patients","volume":"8","author":"Brickman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0255","series-title":"Clinical Pediatric Nephrology","first-page":"395","article-title":"Management of the child with renal insufficiency, chapter 20","author":"Holliday","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0260","unstructured":"MEHLS 0, Riiz F, GILL I Ci, WANGOAK T, KREMPIEN B: Effect of vitamin 1) on growth in experimental uremia. Am I C\/in Nut, in press"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0265","series-title":"Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Dietotherapy","first-page":"372","article-title":"The biochemical and nutritional role of trace elements, chapter 8","author":"Li","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1970.00310010090007","article-title":"Zinc, copper, magnesium, and calcium in dialyzed and nondialyzed uremic patients","volume":"125","author":"Mansouri","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-73-4-531","article-title":"Zinc metabolism in renal failure","volume":"73","author":"Condon","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/56.1.17","article-title":"Magnesium, zinc, and copper in dialysis patients","volume":"56","author":"Mahler","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0285","unstructured":"AIKIN-TI)OR E, GODDARD BW. 0NION J, STEEl-lEN RL, Km IF' Wi: Hypogeusia and zinc depletion in chronic dialysis patients. Ant .1 C\/in Nuir, in press"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0290","first-page":"895","article-title":"Reversal of uraemic impotence by zinc","volume":"2","author":"Antonjol","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/00002480-197301900-00079","article-title":"Muscle and serum trace element profile in uremia","volume":"19","author":"Rudolph","year":"1973","journal-title":"Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(72)90191-2","article-title":"Competition for zinc among serum albumin and amino acids","volume":"273","author":"Giroux","year":"1972","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1974.103","article-title":"Reduced in vitro binding of tryptophan by plasma in uremia","volume":"6","author":"Detorrente","year":"1974","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-197212000-00003","article-title":"Low levels of zinc in hair, anorexia, poor growth and hypogeusia in children","volume":"6","author":"Hambidge","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0315","series-title":"Clinical Applications of Zinc Metabolism","first-page":"119","article-title":"Dwarfism and delayed sexual maturation caused by zinc deficiency","author":"Ronaghy","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91143-4","article-title":"Raised plasma-myoinositol levels in uremia and experimental neuropathy","volume":"1","author":"Clements","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(72)90230-6","article-title":"The serum polyol pattern and the urinary polyol excretion in diabetic and in uremic patients","volume":"38","author":"Pitk\u00e4nen","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0330","first-page":"809","article-title":"Monosaccharides and polyols in diabetes mellitus and uremia","volume":"82","author":"Aloia","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197509000-00001","article-title":"Endocrinology and metabolism in uremia and dialysis: A clinical review","volume":"54","author":"Feldman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(74)80039-9","article-title":"Effect of bilateral nephrectomy and bilateral ureteral ligation on serum gastrin levels in the rat","volume":"66","author":"Davidson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6062.679","article-title":"Somatomedin in growth disorders and chronic renal insufficiency in children","volume":"1","author":"Schwalbe","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108330","article-title":"Influence of uremia and hemodialysis on the turnover and metabolic effects of glucagon","volume":"57","author":"Sherwin","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108759","article-title":"Glucagon and insulin binding to liver membrane in a partially nephrectomized uremic rat model","volume":"60","author":"Soman","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0360","first-page":"79","article-title":"Insulin effect in uremia","volume":"74","author":"Westervelt","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197001222820402","article-title":"Effect of renal disease on renal uptake and excretion of insulin in man","volume":"282","author":"Rabkin","year":"1970","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-84-1-162","article-title":"Destruction of bovine parathyroid hormone labelled with, 31I by rat kidney tissue","volume":"84","author":"Vajda","year":"1969","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(74)90107-3","article-title":"Effect of age and role of kidneys and liver on thyrotropin turnover in man","volume":"23","author":"Cuttelod","year":"1974","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107023","article-title":"The renal handling of low molecular weight proteins: II. Disorders of serum protein catabolism in patients with tubular proteinuria, the nephrotic syndrome, or uremia","volume":"51","author":"Waldmann","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000180368","article-title":"The role of the kidney in the metabolism of plasma proteins","volume":"13","author":"Strober","year":"1974","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1970.219.3.584","article-title":"Synthesis of serine by rat kidney in vivo and in vitro","volume":"219","author":"Pitis","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104713","article-title":"Amino acid extraction and ammonia metabolism by the human kidney during the prolonged administration of ammonium chloride","volume":"42","author":"Owen","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0400","first-page":"525","article-title":"Renal production and degradation of amino acids in normal and uremic dogs","volume":"12","author":"Fukuda","year":"1977","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1970.00310110125022","article-title":"Evaluation of amino acid and protein requirements in chronic uremia","volume":"126","author":"Gulyassy","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1159\/000180787","article-title":"Plasma and urine amino acid concentrations in children with chronic renal insufficiency","volume":"18","author":"Betts","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0415","series-title":"Urea and the Kidney","first-page":"461","article-title":"The fate of intestinal urea in normal subjects and patients with uremia","author":"Wrong","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103902","article-title":"Ammonia as a source of gastric hypoacidity in patients with uremia","volume":"38","author":"Lieber","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0425","first-page":"197","article-title":"The chemical composition of faeces in uremia, as revealed by in vivo faecal diaylsis","volume":"35","author":"Wrong","year":"1968","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)90119-X","article-title":"Bacterial ureases in uraemic men","volume":"2","author":"Brown","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0435","first-page":"370","article-title":"Efficiency of utilization of urea nitrogen for albumin synthesis by chronically uraemic and normal men","volume":"48","author":"Varcoe","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Sci Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107687","article-title":"Urea metabolism in chronic renal failure","volume":"53","author":"Walser","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1977.16","article-title":"Effects of oral neomycin and kanamycin in chronic uremic patients: I. Urea metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Mitch","year":"1977","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0450","first-page":"231","article-title":"Use of exogenous and endogenous urea for protein synthesis in normal and uremic subjects","volume":"62","author":"Giordano","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(70)90060-0","article-title":"Utilization of exogenous urea nitrogen in malnourished adults","volume":"19","author":"Tripathy","year":"1970","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0460","first-page":"313","article-title":"Generation of ammonia from non-urea sources in a faecal incubation system","volume":"51","author":"Vince","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Sci Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0465","first-page":"687","article-title":"Degradation of uric acid in man","volume":"8","author":"Sorensen","year":"1959","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000180432","article-title":"Origin and extrarenal elimination of uric acid in man","volume":"14","author":"Sorensen","year":"1975","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0475","first-page":"3","article-title":"Uric acid related to uraemic symptoms","volume":"3","author":"Clarkson","year":"1966","journal-title":"Proc Eur Dial Transpl Assoc"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0480","series-title":"Abstracts eleventh annual contractors' conference","first-page":"7","article-title":"Amine metabolism in uremia","author":"Simenhoff","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91207-1","article-title":"Amine metabolism and the small bowel in uraemia","volume":"2","author":"Simenhoff","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0490","unstructured":"Jor.s JD, BURNETT PC: Implication of creatinine and gut flora in the uremic syndrome: Induction of \"creatininase\" in colon contents of the rat by dietary creatinine."},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/20.9.1204","article-title":"Creatinine metabolism in humans with decreased renal function: Creatinine deficit","volume":"20","author":"Jones","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI102463","article-title":"Urinary excretion of choline metabolities following choline administration in normals and patients with hepatobiliary diseases","volume":"30","author":"De La Huerga","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-193611000-00004","article-title":"Phenolemia and indoxylemia: Their origin, significance, and regulation","volume":"192","author":"Houssay","year":"1936","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.114.2.641-644.1973","article-title":"Role of intestinal microflora in the metabolism of guanidinosuccinic acid","volume":"114","author":"Milstein","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Bact"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1933.02740070022008","article-title":"The excretion of nonprotein nitrogen substances by the intestine","volume":"100","author":"Williams","year":"1933","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.123.2.239","article-title":"The role of the microbial flora in uremia: I. Survival times of germfree, limited-flora, and conventionalized rats after bilateral nephrectomy and fasting","volume":"123","author":"Einheber","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.123.2.251","article-title":"The role of the microbial flora in uremia: II. Uremic colitis, cardiovascular lesions, and biochemical observations","volume":"123","author":"Carter","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1977.17","article-title":"Effects of oral neomycin and kanamycin in chronic uremic patients: II. Nitrogen balance","volume":"11","author":"Mitch","year":"1977","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197311000-00004","article-title":"Metabolic studies of low protein diets in uremia: I. Nitrogen and potassium","volume":"52","author":"Kopple","year":"1973","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107229","article-title":"The effect of keto-analogues of essential amino acids in severe chronic uremia","volume":"52","author":"Walser","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/27.8.806","article-title":"Nitrogen balance and plasma amino acid levels in uremic patients fed an essential amino acid diet","volume":"27","author":"Kopple","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0550","first-page":"187","article-title":"Treatment of chronic uremic patients with protein poor diet and oral supply of essential amino acids: I. Nitrogen balance studies","volume":"3","author":"Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0555","first-page":"195","article-title":"Treatment of chronic uremic patients with protein-poor diet and oral supply of essential amino acids: II. Clinical results of long-term treatment","volume":"3","author":"Noree","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0560","series-title":"Clinical Nutrition Update: Amino Acids","first-page":"206","article-title":"Metabolic response to amino acid diets in uremia","author":"Kopple","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0565","series-title":"Abstr Am Soc Nephrol","first-page":"30A","article-title":"A controlled study on the value of oral supplementation with essential amino acids (EAA) and \u03b1-ketoanalogs (\u03b1KA) in chronic hemodialysis","author":"Hecking","year":"1917"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1978.134_bb0570","first-page":"S345","article-title":"Intracellular free amino acids in uremic patients as influenced by amino acid supply","volume":"7","author":"Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"1975","journal-title":"Kidney Int"}],"container-title":["Kidney International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0085253815319712?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0085253815319712?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T05:08:29Z","timestamp":1707973709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0085253815319712"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1978,10]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0085253815319712"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1978.134","relation":{},"ISSN":["0085-2538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0085-2538","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1978,10]]}}}