{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T23:49:13Z","timestamp":1788824953789,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]],"date-time":"1997-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":852076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]],"date-time":"2015-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6923,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["kidney-international.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Kidney International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,8]],"date-time":"2007-05-08T15:15:29Z","timestamp":1178637329000},"page":"244-252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":191,"title":["Accuracy of the diagnosis of hypertensive nephrosclerosis in African Americans: A report from the African American Study of Kidney Disease (AASK) Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Agnes","family":"Fogo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia A.","family":"Breyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Cleveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Agodoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine A.","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Glassock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"The AASK Pilot Study Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0010","series-title":"Hypertension in Blacks: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0015","series-title":"Hypertension and Hypertensive Heart Disease in Adults. U.S. 1960\u201362","author":"National Health Survey","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V3121961","article-title":"The excess risk of treated end-stage renal disease in blacks in the United States","volume":"3","author":"Lopes","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80945-0","article-title":"End-stage renal disease in US minority groups","volume":"19","author":"Feldman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80287-3","article-title":"Hypertension as a causative diagnosis of patients entering end-stage renal disease programs in the United States from 1980 to 1986","volume":"18","author":"Blythe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0035","series-title":"USRDS 1995 Annual Data Report","author":"U.S. Renal Data System","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90464-4","article-title":"Systemic hypertension and the kidney in black patients","volume":"60","author":"Dustan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-2-158","article-title":"Disparate cardiovascular findings in men and women with essential hypertension","volume":"107","author":"Messerli","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annals Int Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I183","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.6.2_Pt_2.I183","article-title":"Role of renal hemodynamics and arterial pressure in aldosterone \u201cescape\u201d","volume":"6","author":"Hall","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-198608000-00001","article-title":"Excessive sodium retention as a characteristic of salt-sensitive hypertension","volume":"292","author":"Dustan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(79)90065-2","article-title":"Essential hypertension in black and white subjects\u2014Hemodynamic findings and fluid volume state","volume":"67","author":"Messerli","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0065","first-page":"173","article-title":"Greater renal vascular involvement in the black patient with essential hypertension. A comparison of systemic and renal hemodynamics in black and white patients","volume":"10","author":"Frohlich","year":"1984","journal-title":"Miner Electrol Metab"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.55.5.792","article-title":"Target organ damage in black hypertensives","volume":"55","author":"Entwisle","year":"1977","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0075","series-title":"Clinical Hypertension","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hypertension in the population at large","author":"Kaplan","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(88)80221-X","article-title":"Racial differences in the incidence of hypertensive end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are not entirely explained by differences in the prevalence of hypertension","volume":"12","author":"McClellan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400070121015","article-title":"Does racial variation in risk factors explain black-white differences in the incidence of hypertensive end-stage renal disease","volume":"151","author":"Whittle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0090","first-page":"I80","article-title":"Prognostic value of serum creatinine and effect of treatment of hypertension on renal function. Results from the hypertension detection and follow-up program. The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group","volume":"13","author":"Shulman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92624-O","article-title":"Renal biopsy findings in hypertensive patients with proteinuria","volume":"340","author":"Harvey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117338","article-title":"Diagnosis of hypertensive end-stage renal disease: Effect of patient's race","volume":"141","author":"Perneger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0105","first-page":"570","article-title":"The design of the African-American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK)","volume":"5","author":"Wright","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0110","first-page":"470","article-title":"Recruitment in the African-American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) pilot study","volume":"5","author":"Whelton","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1973.127","article-title":"Measurement of glomerular filtration rate utilizing a single subcutaneous injection of 125I-iothalamate","volume":"4","author":"Israelit","year":"1973","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0120","first-page":"227","article-title":"Age-related incidence of sclerotic glomeruli in human kidneys","volume":"80","author":"Kaplan","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00454830","article-title":"Cortical interstitial tissue and sclerosed glomeruli in the normal human kidney, related to age and sex. A quantitative study","volume":"387","author":"Kappel","year":"1980","journal-title":"Virchows Arch (Pathol Anat)"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0130","first-page":"1253","article-title":"Low incidence of glomerulosclerosis in normal kidneys","volume":"113","author":"Smith","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)81119-5","article-title":"The significance of focal sclerotic lesions of glomeruli in children","volume":"88","author":"Nash","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0140","series-title":"Pathology of the Kidney","first-page":"962","article-title":"Hypertension I: Essential hypertension","author":"Heptinstall","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0145","first-page":"241","article-title":"Renal lesions in hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Striker","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0150","first-page":"199","article-title":"Glomerular lesions in benign essential hypertension","volume":"103","author":"Katz","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(87)80186-5","article-title":"Proteinuria in hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Narvarte","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1986.00360200063011","article-title":"Proteinuria in benign nephrosclerosis","volume":"146","author":"Morduchowicz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1986.00360200063011","article-title":"Proteinuria in benign nephrosclerosis","volume":"146","author":"Morduchowicz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0170","first-page":"271","article-title":"Clinical features of benign hypertensive nephrosclerosis at time of renal biopsy","volume":"86","author":"Innes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Quart J Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2012.02.001","article-title":"Nephrosclerosis in three cohorts of black and white men born 1925 to 1944, 1934 to 1953, and 1943 to 1962","volume":"6","author":"Tracy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"234","key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0180","first-page":"48","article-title":"Blood pressure levels in persons 18\u201374 years of age in 1976\u201380, and trends in blood pressure from 1960 to 1980 in the United States","volume":"11","author":"U.S. Vital Health Statistics","year":"1986","journal-title":"National Health Survey Series"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0185","first-page":"685","article-title":"Histologic studies of kidney biopsy specimens from patients with hypertension","volume":"34","author":"Summers","year":"1958","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0190","series-title":"Renal Pathology in Biopsy","first-page":"514","article-title":"Renal changes caused by vascular disease","author":"Zollinger","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0195","series-title":"The Kidney: A Clinicopathologic Study","first-page":"131","article-title":"Hypertension and the Kidney","author":"Kincaid-Smith","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198903163201102","article-title":"Renal insufficiency in treated essential hypertension","volume":"320","author":"Rostand","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490210067037","article-title":"Renal function change in hypertensive members of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Racial and treatment effects","volume":"268","author":"Walker","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-6386(95)90001-2","article-title":"The link between hypertension and nephrosclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Freedman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1159\/000168695","article-title":"Renal biopsy findings in presumed hypertensive nephrosclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Freedman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.30.829","article-title":"Histologic features of renal biopsies from patients with essential hypertension and from the aged","volume":"30","author":"Tamura","year":"1966","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0225","first-page":"238","article-title":"Morphometrical and functional correlations in benign nephrosclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Katafuchi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92624-O","article-title":"Renal biopsy findings in hypertensive patients with proteinuria","volume":"340","author":"Harvey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80266-6","article-title":"The familial risk of end-stage renal disease in African Americans","volume":"21","author":"Freedman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90023-6","article-title":"A familial risk of chronic renal failure among blacks on dialysis","volume":"41","author":"Ferguson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0245","first-page":"76","article-title":"Angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes and disease","volume":"311","author":"Teio","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117803","article-title":"The serum angiotensinogen concentration and variants of the angiotensinogen gene in white and black children","volume":"95","author":"Bloem","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0255","first-page":"661","article-title":"Polymorphism of the angiotensin I converting enzyme gene in essential hypertensive patients","volume":"35","author":"Rutledge","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem Mol Biol Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/7.8.759","article-title":"Frequency of a deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin converting enzyme is increased in African-Americans with hypertension","volume":"7","author":"Duru","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1996.81","article-title":"Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism: Potential silencer motif and impact on progression in IgA nephropathy","volume":"49","author":"Hunley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118270","article-title":"Role of the deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene in the progression and therapeutic responsiveness of IgA nephropathy","volume":"96","author":"Yoshida","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0275","first-page":"450","article-title":"The insertion\/deletion (I\/O) polymorphism in the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene predicts the progression of diabetic nephropathy during ACE inhibition (ACEI) in insulin dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients","volume":"6","author":"Jacobsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114844","article-title":"An insertion\/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels","volume":"86","author":"Rigat","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.25.6.1266","article-title":"Enhanced pressor response to angiotensin I in normotensive men with the deletion geneotype (DD) for angiotensin-converting enzyme","volume":"25","author":"Ueda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0290","first-page":"355","article-title":"Glomerular size and the incidence of renal disease in African Americans and Caucasians","volume":"7","author":"Pesce","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80967-X","article-title":"Congenital oligonephropathy and the etiology of adult hypertension and progressive renal injury","volume":"23","author":"Brenner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512283332611","article-title":"Preterm delivery and low birth weight\u2014A dire legacy","volume":"333","author":"Hack","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1990.314","article-title":"Importance of angiogenic action of angiotensin II in the glomerular growth of maturing kidneys","volume":"38","author":"Fogo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.69","article-title":"Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor modulates glomerular function and structure by distinct mechanisms","volume":"45","author":"Tanaka","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0315","first-page":"F35","article-title":"Glomerular adaptations with normal aging and with long-term converting enzyme inhibition in rats","volume":"267","author":"Anderson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0320","first-page":"R1038","article-title":"Effect of chronic Ang I-converting enzyme inhibition on aging processes: I. Kidney structure and function","volume":"266","author":"Heudes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.1997.29_bb0325","first-page":"R124","article-title":"Effect of chronic Ang I-converting enzyme inhibition on aging processes: II. Large arteries","volume":"267","author":"Michel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"}],"container-title":["Kidney International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S008525381559861X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S008525381559861X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]],"date-time":"2022-10-23T18:15:01Z","timestamp":1666548901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S008525381559861X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S008525381559861X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1997.29","relation":{},"ISSN":["0085-2538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0085-2538","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Accuracy of the diagnosis of hypertensive nephrosclerosis in African Americans: A report from the African American Study of Kidney Disease (AASK) Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Kidney International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1997.29","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1997 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}