{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:41:42Z","timestamp":1791884502805,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1461,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Kidney International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]],"date-time":"2014-03-19T13:45:01Z","timestamp":1395236701000},"page":"619-624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["High prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus infection in patients with primary and secondary glomerular nephropathies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Castillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Martinez-Ara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Olea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Bartolom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Madero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Bernis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan A","family":"Quiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Carre\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Selgas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.08.026","article-title":"Manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection beyond the liver","volume":"8","author":"Jacobson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21283","article-title":"Extrahepatic replication of HCV: insights into clinical manifestations and biological consequences","volume":"44","author":"Blackard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2000.00194.x","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus RNA in kidney biopsies from infected patients with renal diseases","volume":"7","author":"Rodriguez-I\u00f1igo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199302183280703","article-title":"Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"328","author":"Johnson","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0030","first-page":"434","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus and its renal manifestations: a review and update","volume":"8","author":"Latt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (NY)"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP69149","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus-related kidney disease: an overview","volume":"69","author":"Kamar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70053-0","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus, cryoglobulinaemia, and vasculitis: immune complex relations","volume":"5","author":"Sansonno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm205","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus: from entry to renal injury\u2014facts and potentials","volume":"22","author":"Barsoum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02204.x","article-title":"Non-enveloped HCV core protein as constitutive antigen of cold-precipitable immune complexes in type II mixed cryoglobulinaemia","volume":"133","author":"Sansonno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22759","article-title":"Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C: an update","volume":"49","author":"Ghany","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1086\/511038","article-title":"Factors associated with seronegative chronic hepatitis C virus infection in HIV infection","volume":"44","author":"Chamie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04614.x","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia in HIV-infected patients without HCV antibodies detectable by third-generation enzyme immunoassay","volume":"22","author":"Hadlich","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1086\/315869","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infections among dialysis patients in the Netherlands: a nationwide prospective study","volume":"182","author":"Schneeberger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2002.00332.x","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection in renal failure patients in the absence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies","volume":"9","author":"Hanuka","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1086\/514033","article-title":"Surreptitious hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection detected in the majority of patients with cryptogenic chronic hepatitis and negative HCV antibody tests","volume":"176","author":"Schmidt","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92003-Z","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus RNA in symptomless donors implicated in post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis","volume":"336","author":"Zanetti","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(91)90822-S","article-title":"HCV RNA in serum of asymptomatic blood donors involved in post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH)","volume":"13","author":"Villa","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0041-1132.2004.04156.x","article-title":"The hepatitis C virus genotype and subtype frequency in hepatitis C virus RNA-positive, hepatitis C virus antibody-negative blood donors identified in the nucleic acid test screening program in Poland","volume":"44","author":"Brojer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17315-7","article-title":"HIV and hepatitis C virus RNA in seronegative organ and tissue donors","volume":"364","author":"Challine","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-9-200511010-00008","article-title":"Transmission of hepatitis C virus to several organ and tissue recipients from an antibody-negative donor","volume":"143","author":"Tugwell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1086\/380202","article-title":"Occult hepatitis C virus infection in patients in whom the etiology of persistently abnormal results of liver-function tests is unknown","volume":"189","author":"Castillo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7710","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02750-06","article-title":"Ultracentrifugation of serum samples allows detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in patients with occult hepatitis C","volume":"81","author":"Bartolom\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22044","article-title":"Occult hepatitis C virus infection in Iranian patients with cryptogenic liver disease","volume":"83","author":"Bokharaei-Salim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11290","DOI":"10.5812\/hepatmon.11290","article-title":"Occult hepatitis C virus infection in candidates for liver transplant with cryptogenic cirrhosis","volume":"13","author":"Keyvani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-0397","article-title":"Viral hepatitis markers in liver tissue in relation to serostatus in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Hernandez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23460","article-title":"Prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus infection in Iranian patients with lymphoproliferative disorders","volume":"85","author":"Farahani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008030293","article-title":"Occult hepatitis C virus infection among hemodialysis patients","volume":"19","author":"Barril","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8128","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008128","article-title":"Occult HCV infection: an unexpected finding in a population unselected for hepatic disease","volume":"4","author":"De Marco","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43541","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043541","article-title":"Prevalence and follow-up of occult HCV infection in an Italian population free of clinically detectable infectious liver disease","volume":"7","author":"De Marco","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008101067","article-title":"Viral RNA and DNA trigger common antiviral responses in mesangial cells","volume":"20","author":"Allam","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050491","article-title":"Novel role of Toll-like receptor 3 in hepatitis C-associated glomerulonephritis","volume":"168","author":"W\u00f6rnle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1159\/000335375","article-title":"Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and mixed cryoglobulinemia after hepatitis C virus infection secondary to glomerular NS3 viral antigen deposits","volume":"35","author":"Bataille","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.01.017","article-title":"Detection of viral antigens in renal tissue of glomerulonephritis patients without serological evidence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"17","author":"Kong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03710708","article-title":"Hepatitis C infection and chronic renal diseases","volume":"4","author":"Perico","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199805073381914","article-title":"Interferon for hepatitis C virus-negative type II mixed cryoglobulinemia","volume":"338","author":"Casato","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2003.00462.x","article-title":"Occult hepatitis C virus infection in type II mixed cryoglobulinaemia","volume":"10","author":"Casato","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/339237a0","article-title":"Avoiding false positive with PCR","volume":"339","author":"Kwok","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1038\/ki.2014.68_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm092","article-title":"MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0","volume":"24","author":"Tamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Bio Evol"}],"container-title":["Kidney International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0085253815303215?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0085253815303215?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T00:22:23Z","timestamp":1538785343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0085253815303215"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0085253815303215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2014.68","relation":{},"ISSN":["0085-2538"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0085-2538","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}}}