{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T14:26:20Z","timestamp":1785680780516,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2415,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["mp.uscap.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Modern Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]],"date-time":"2016-02-26T07:43:56Z","timestamp":1456472636000},"page":"591-598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["ZBTB16: a novel sensitive and specific biomarker for yolk sac tumor"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Guang-Qian","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faqian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela D","family":"Unger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Katerji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loralee","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E","family":"Burstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-3359(02)00029-7","article-title":"Chemotherapeutic and surgical strategies for germ cell tumors","volume":"12","author":"Einhorn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest Surg Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.5858\/2007-131-1267-AOOTGC","article-title":"An overview of testicular germ cell tumors","volume":"131","author":"Bahrami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2011-0475-RA","article-title":"Difficult differential diagnoses in testicular pathology","volume":"136","author":"Ye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0b013e318159475d","article-title":"The most common, clinically significant misdiagnoses in testicular tumor pathology, and how to avoid them","volume":"15","author":"Ulbright","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv Anat Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-3952(22)04459-3","article-title":"GCTs of the gonads: a selective review emphasizing problems in differential diagnosis, newly appreciated, and controversial issues","volume":"18","author":"Ulbright","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000155146.60670.3f","article-title":"Seminoma with tubular, microcystic and related patterns: a study of 28 cases of unusual morphologic variants that often cause confusion with yolk sac tumor","volume":"29","author":"Ulbright","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31823c510b","article-title":"Solid pattern yolk sac tumor: a morphologic and immunohistochemical study of 52 cases","volume":"36","author":"Kao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000262","article-title":"\u201cSomatic-type\u201d malignancies arising from testicular germ cell tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 124 cases with emphasis on glandular tumors supporting frequent yolk sac tumor origin","volume":"38","author":"Magers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2007.07.002","article-title":"Trials of new germ cell immunohistochemical stains in 93 extragonadal and metastatic GCTs","volume":"39","author":"Iczkowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540205000216","article-title":"CD30 and CD117 (c-kit) used in combination are useful for distinguishing embryonal carcinoma from seminoma","volume":"50","author":"Leroy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19831001)52:7<1281::AID-CNCR2820520725>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein in testicular GCTs. An immunohistochemical study in comparison with tissue concentrations","volume":"52","author":"Morinaga","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/106689690201000105","article-title":"Testicular seminoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 105 cases with special reference to seminomas with atypical features","volume":"10","author":"Tickoo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21435","article-title":"The pluripotency homeobox gene NANOG is expressed in human GCTs","volume":"104","author":"Hart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200407000-00014","article-title":"OCT4 staining in testicular tumors: a sensitive and specific marker for seminoma and embryonal carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Jones","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2332","article-title":"Differential expression of SOX17 and SOX2 in germ cells and stem cells has biological and clinical implications","volume":"215","author":"De Jong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181a13eef","article-title":"SALL4 is a novel diagnostic marker for testicular germ cell tumors","volume":"33","author":"Cao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib17","first-page":"47","article-title":"Histological change ostensibly induced by therapy in the metastasis of germ cell tumors of testis","volume":"203","author":"Mostofi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2010.03553.x","article-title":"Glypican-3 has a higher sensitivity than alpha-fetoprotein for testicular and ovarian yolk sac tumour: immunohistochemical investigation with analysis of histological growth patterns","volume":"56","author":"Zynger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2010.03735.x","article-title":"Glypican 3 is a sensitive, but not a specific, marker for the diagnosis of yolk sac tumours","volume":"58","author":"Preda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000213322.89670.48","article-title":"Glypican 3: a novel marker in testicular germ cell tumors","volume":"30","author":"Zynger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2012.00074","article-title":"The promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein: two decades of molecular oncology","volume":"2","author":"Suliman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.10.5.14829","article-title":"Understanding PLZF: two transcriptional targets, REDD1 and smooth muscle \u03b1-actin, define new questions in growth control, senescence, self-renewal and tumor suppression","volume":"10","author":"Kolesnichenko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib23","first-page":"451","article-title":"Increased expression of the tumor suppressor PLZF is a continuous predictor of long-term survival in malignant melanoma patients","volume":"23","author":"Brunner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Biother Radiopharm"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.455","article-title":"The promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger gene, PLZF, is frequently downregulated in malignant mesothelioma cells and contributes to cell survival","volume":"29","author":"Cheung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0121318","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121318","article-title":"Loss of PLZF expression in prostate cancer by immunohistochemistry correlates with tumor aggressiveness and metastasis","volume":"10","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1898","article-title":"T cells expressing the transcription factor PLZF regulate the development of memory-like CD8+ T cells","volume":"11","author":"Weinreich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4194","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-229070","article-title":"Hypermethylation reduces expression of tumor-suppressor PLZF and regulates proliferation and apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancers","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1367","article-title":"Essential role of Plzf in maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells","volume":"36","author":"Costoya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.02.005","article-title":"Transcriptional control of spermatogonial maintenance and differentiation","volume":"30","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2007.00810.x","article-title":"Recent advances and future directions in research on testicular germ cell cancer","volume":"30","author":"Rajpert-De Meyts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1097\/00042307-200009000-00017","article-title":"Prognostic parameters for the management of advanced testis tumours","volume":"10","author":"Mickisch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib32","first-page":"362","article-title":"Percentage of embryonal carcinoma and of vascular invasion predicts pathological stage in clinical stage I nonseminomatous testicular cancer","volume":"54","author":"Moul","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980401)82:7<1343::AID-CNCR18>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Mature teratoma identified after postchemotherapy surgery in patients with disseminated nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors: a plea for an aggressive surgical approach","volume":"82","author":"Sonneveld","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.10.2647","article-title":"Viable malignant cells after primary chemotherapy for disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell tumors: prognostic factors and role of postsurgery chemotherapy\u2014 results from an international study group","volume":"19","author":"Fizazi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067749","article-title":"High-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell rescue for metastatic germ-cell tumors","volume":"357","author":"Einhorn","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(83)90320-5","article-title":"Localization of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin to specific histologic types of nonseminomatous testicular cancer","volume":"22","author":"Fowler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib37","first-page":"327","article-title":"Immunohistological localization of AFP and HCG in uniformly classified testis tumors","volume":"3","author":"Wittekind","year":"1983","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2005.11.002","article-title":"Immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic aid in the evaluation of ovarian tumors","volume":"22","author":"McCluggage","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1309\/8DN7DQRDFB4QNH3N","article-title":"Expression of glypican 3 in ovarian and extragonadal germ cell tumors","volume":"130","author":"Zynger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800436","article-title":"The glypican 3 oncofetal protein is a promising diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"18","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(20000920)89:5<418::AID-IJC4>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Expression of glypican 3 (GPC3) in embryonal tumors","volume":"89","author":"Saikali","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-200111000-00006","article-title":"Glypican-3 expression in Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma","volume":"23","author":"Toretsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1366","article-title":"Plzf is required in adult male germ cells for stem cell self-renewal","volume":"36","author":"Buaas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2012.11.014","article-title":"Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger and histone H1.5 differentially stain low- and high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors: a pilot immunohistochemical study","volume":"44","author":"Hechtman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib45","first-page":"261A","article-title":"Preferential expression of PLZF in benign prostatic epithelium and low grade prostate cancer","volume":"28","author":"Straub","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24308","article-title":"SALL4 is a novel sensitive and specific marker for metastatic germ cell tumors, with particular utility in detection of metastatic yolk sac tumors","volume":"115","author":"Cao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer"}],"container-title":["Modern Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/modpathol201646.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/modpathol201646","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0893395222017562?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0893395222017562?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/modpathol201646.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:52:27Z","timestamp":1760230347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0893395222017562"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0893395222017562"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-3952"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-3952","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"ZBTB16: a novel sensitive and specific biomarker for yolk sac tumor","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Modern Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/modpathol.2016.46","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 United States & Canadian Academy of Pathology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}