{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T21:21:40Z","timestamp":1789420900926,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]],"date-time":"2008-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214265600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]],"date-time":"2008-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.64","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]],"date-time":"2008-06-24T08:19:20Z","timestamp":1214295560000},"page":"216-225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The complex global pattern of genetic variation and linkage disequilibrium at catechol-O-methyltransferase"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K K","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A J","family":"Pakstis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W C","family":"Speed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z","family":"Tarnok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Barta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S L B","family":"Kajuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J R","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFmp200864_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000638","volume":"5","author":"T Li","year":"2000","unstructured":"Li T, Ball D, Zhao J, Murray RM, Liu X, Sham PC et al. Family-based linkage disequilibrium mapping using SNP marker haplotypes: application to a potential locus for schizophrenia at chromosome 22q11. Mol Psychiatry 2000; 5: 77\u201384. Erratum in: Mol Psychiatry 2000; 5: 452.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6917","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.111134598","volume":"9","author":"MF Egan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Egan MF, Goldberg TE, Kolachana BS, Callicott JH, Mazzanti CM, Straub RE et al. Effect of COMT Val108\/158 Met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 9: 6917\u20136922.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1086\/344514","volume":"71","author":"S Shifman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shifman S, Bronstein M, Sternfeld M, Pisante-Shalom A, Lev-Lehman E, Weizman A et al. A highly significant association between a COMT haplotype and schizophrenia. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 71: 1296\u20131302.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30032","volume":"128","author":"S Shifman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shifman S, Bronstein M, Sternfeld M, Pisant\u00e9 A, Weizman A, Reznik I et al. COMT: a common susceptibility gene in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2004; 128: 61\u201364.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001951","volume":"12","author":"EC Pooley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pooley EC, Fineberg N, Harrison PJ . The met(158) allele of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder in men: case\u2013control study and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12: 556\u2013561.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001767","volume":"11","author":"EM Tunbridge","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tunbridge EM, Weinberger DR, Harrison PJ . A novel protein isoform of catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT): brain expression analysis in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and effect of Val158Met genotype. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11: 116\u2013117.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30539","volume":"144","author":"EM Tunbridge","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tunbridge EM, Lane TA, Harrison PJ . Expression of multiple catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) mRNA variants in human brain. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144: 834\u2013839.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1994.tb19083.x","volume":"223","author":"J Tenhunen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tenhunen J, Salminen M, Lundstr\u00f6m K, Kiviluoto T, Savolainen R, Ulmanen I . Genomic organization of the human catechol O-methyltransferase gene and its expression from two distinct promoters. Eur J Biochem 1994; 223: 1049\u20131059.","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR9","first-page":"125","volume":"29","author":"RM Weinshilboum","year":"1977","unstructured":"Weinshilboum RM, Raymond FA . Inheritance of low erythrocyte catechol-o-methyltransferase activity in man. Am J Hum Genet 1977; 29: 125\u2013135.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-199606000-00007","volume":"6","author":"HM Lachman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lachman HM, Papolos DF, Saito T, Yu YM, Szumlanski CL, Weinshilboum RM . Human catechol-O-methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: description of a functional polymorphism and its potential application to neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacogenetics 1996; 6: 243\u2013250.","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4202","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00013a008","volume":"34","author":"T Lotta","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lotta T, Vidgren J, Tilgmann C, Ulmanen I, Mel\u00e9n K, Julkunen I et al. Kinetics of human soluble and membrane-bound catechol O-methyltransferase: a revised mechanism and description of the thermolabile variant of the enzyme. Biochemistry 1995; 34: 4202\u20134210.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1086\/425589","volume":"75","author":"J Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen J, Lipska BK, Halim N, Ma QD, Matsumoto M, Melhem S et al. Functional analysis of genetic variation in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): effects on mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity in postmortem human brain. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75: 807\u2013821. Erratum in: Am J Hum Genet. 2005; 76: 1089.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00098-0","volume":"46","author":"MA Palmatier","year":"1999","unstructured":"Palmatier MA, Kang AM, Kidd KK . Global variation in the frequencies of functionally different catechol-O-methyltransferase alleles. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 46: 557\u2013567.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301335","volume":"32","author":"UE Lang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lang UE, Bajbouj M, Sander T, Gallinat J . Gender-dependent association of the functional catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype with sensation seeking personality trait. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32: 1950\u20131955.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1017\/S146114570400416X","volume":"7","author":"K Domschke","year":"2004","unstructured":"Domschke K, Freitag CM, Kuhlenbaumer G, Schirmacher A, Sand P, Nyhuis P et al. Association of the functional V158M catechol-O-methyl-transferase polymorphism with panic disorder in women. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2004; 7: 183\u2013188.","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300997","volume":"31","author":"J Beuten","year":"2006","unstructured":"Beuten J, Payne TJ, Ma JZ, Li MD . Significant association of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) haplotypes with nicotine dependence in male and female smokers of two ethnic populations. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31: 675\u2013684.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-1-19","volume":"1","author":"B Funke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Funke B, Malhotra AK, Finn CT, Plocik AM, Lake SL, Lencz T et al. COMT genetic variation confers risk for psychotic and affective disorders: a case control study. Behav Brain Funct 2005; 1: 19.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.9.1736","volume":"162","author":"HJ Williams","year":"2005","unstructured":"Williams HJ, Glaser B, Williams NM, Norton N, Zammit S, Macgregor S et al. No association between schizophrenia and polymorphisms in COMT in two large samples. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162: 1736\u20131738.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.10.018","volume":"57","author":"JB Fan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fan JB, Zhang CS, Gu NF, Li XW, Sun WW, Wang HY et al. Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene val\/met functional polymorphism and risk of schizophrenia: a large-scale association study plus meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 139\u2013144.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001496","volume":"9","author":"MA Palmatier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Palmatier MA, Pakstis AJ, Speed W, Paschou P, Goldman D, Odunsi A et al. COMT haplotypes suggest P2 promoter region relevance for schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9: 859\u2013870.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-002-0809-0","volume":"111","author":"MM DeMille","year":"2002","unstructured":"DeMille MM, Kidd JR, Ruggeri V, Palmatier MA, Goldman D, Odunsi A et al. Population variation in linkage disequilibrium across the COMT gene considering promoter region and coding region variation. Hum Genet 2002; 111: 521\u2013537.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi013","volume":"14","author":"L Diatchenko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Diatchenko L, Slade GD, Nackley AG, Bhalang K, Sigurdsson A, Belfer I et al. Genetic basis for individual variations in pain perception and the development of a chronic pain condition. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14: 135\u2013143.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-007-0244-7","volume":"133","author":"Z Hu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hu Z, Song CG, Lu JS, Luo JM, Shen ZZ, Huang W et al. A multigenic study on breast cancer risk associated with genetic polymorphisms of ER Alpha, COMT and CYP19 gene in BRCA1\/BRCA2 negative Shanghai women with early onset breast cancer or affected relatives. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 133: 969\u2013978.","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1086\/302952","volume":"66","author":"JR Kidd","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kidd JR, Pakstis AJ, Zhao H, Lu RB, Okonofua FE, Odunsi A et al. Haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium at the phenylalanine hydroxylase locus, PAH, in a global representation of populations. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 66: 1882\u20131899.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19970725)74:4<374::AID-AJMG7>3.0.CO;2-P","volume":"74","author":"JF Cubells","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cubells JF, Kobayashi K, Nagatsu T, Kidd KK, Kidd JR, Calafell F et al. Population genetics of a functional variant of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene (DBH). Am J Med Genet 1997; 74: 374\u2013379.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111613","volume":"86","author":"ME Hawley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hawley ME, Kidd KK . HAPLO: a program using the EM algorithm to estimate the frequencies of multi-site haplotypes. J Hered 1995; 86: 409\u2013411.","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1086\/323622","volume":"69","author":"S Zhang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhang S, Pakstis AJ, Kidd KK, Zhao H . Comparisons of two methods for haplotype reconstruction and haplotype frequency estimation from population data. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 69: 906\u2013912.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1086\/319501","volume":"68","author":"M Stephens","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stephens M, Smith NJ, Donnelly P . A new statistical method for haplotype reconstruction from population data. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 68: 978\u2013989.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1086\/428594","volume":"76","author":"M Stephens","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stephens M, Scheet P . Accounting for decay of linkage disequilibrium in haplotype inference and missing-data imputation. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76: 449\u2013462.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1995.9003","volume":"29","author":"B Devlin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Devlin B, Risch N . A comparison of linkage disequilibrium measures for fine-scale mapping. Genomics 1995; 29: 311\u2013322.","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/49.1.49","volume":"49","author":"RC Lewontin","year":"1964","unstructured":"Lewontin RC . The interaction of selection and linkage. I. General considerations: heterotic models. Genetics 1964; 49: 49\u201367.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-1809.1999.6320167.x","volume":"63","author":"H Zhao","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhao H, Pakstis AJ, Kidd JR, Kidd KK . Assessing linkage disequilibrium in a complex genetic system. I. Overall deviation from random association. Ann Hum Genet 1999; 63: 167\u2013179.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3938","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti649","volume":"21","author":"S Gu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gu S, Pakstis AJ, Kidd KK . HAPLOT: a graphical comparison of haplotype blocks, tagSNP sets and SNP variation for multiple populations. Bioinformatics 2005; 21: 3938\u20133939.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01140","volume":"419","author":"PC Sabeti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sabeti PC, Reich DE, Higgins JM, Levine HZ, Richter DJ, Schaffner SF et al. Detecting recent positive selection in the human genome from haplotype structure. Nature 2002; 419: 832\u2013837.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04789","volume":"441","author":"N Patterson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Patterson N, Richter DJ, Gnerre S, Lander ES, Reich D . Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees. Nature 2006; 441: 1103\u20131108.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esh060","volume":"95","author":"KK Kidd","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kidd KK, Pakstis AJ, Speed WC, Kidd JR . Understanding human DNA sequence variation. J Hered 2004; 95: 406\u2013420.","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201368","volume":"13","author":"SL Sawyer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sawyer SL, Mukherjee N, Pakstis AJ, Feuk L, Kidd JR, Brookes AJ et al. Linkage disequilibrium patterns vary substantially among populations. Eur J Hum Genet 2005; 13: 677\u2013686.","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201751","volume":"15","author":"S Gu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gu S, Pakstis AJ, Li H, Speed WC, Kidd JR, Kidd KK . Significant variation in haplotype block structure but conservation in tagSNP patterns among global populations. Eur J Hum Genet 2007; 15: 302\u2013312. Erratum in: Eur J Hum Genet. 2007; 15: 818.","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFmp200864_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1086\/512485","volume":"80","author":"Y Han","year":"2007","unstructured":"Han Y, Gu S, Oota H, Osier MV, Pakstis AJ, Speed WC et al. Evidence of positive selection on a class I ADH locus. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 80: 441\u2013456.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"}],"container-title":["Molecular Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp200864.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp200864","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp200864.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T02:36:39Z","timestamp":1648780599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp200864"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["BFmp200864"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2008.64","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-4184","1476-5578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-4184","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 January 2008","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2008","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2008","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2008","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}