{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:05:16Z","timestamp":1778504716288,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]],"date-time":"2010-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1274140800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]],"date-time":"2010-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1274140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.56","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]],"date-time":"2010-05-18T04:11:09Z","timestamp":1274155869000},"page":"809-817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":254,"title":["A genetic determinant of the striatal dopamine response to alcohol in men"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"V A","family":"Ramchandani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Umhau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F J","family":"Pavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Ruiz-Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Margas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Damadzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Eskay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Schoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Thorsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M L","family":"Schwandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W H","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D T","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L H","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Herscovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Hommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Heilig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFmp201056_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60746-7","volume":"373","author":"J Rehm","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J . Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet 2009; 373: 2223\u20132233.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00763.x","volume":"99","author":"C Bouza","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bouza C, Angeles M, Munoz A, Amate JM . Efficacy and safety of naltrexone and acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a systematic review. Addiction 2004; 99: 811\u2013828.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2006.02.001","volume":"111","author":"M Heilig","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heilig M, Egli M . Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: target symptoms and target mechanisms. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 111: 855\u2013876.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00013.2008","volume":"89","author":"R Spanagel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Spanagel R . Alcoholism: a systems approach from molecular physiology to addictive behavior. Physiol Rev 2009; 89: 649\u2013705.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR5","first-page":"1399","volume-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress","author":"MA Schuckit","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schuckit MA . Vulnerability factors for alcoholism. In: Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C (eds). Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress, 41st ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, 2002 pp 1399\u20131412."},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1635","volume":"6","author":"D Goldman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goldman D, Oroszi G, Ducci F . The genetics of addictions: uncovering the genes. Nat Rev Genet 2005; 6: 521\u2013532.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1406","volume":"5","author":"RA Wise","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wise RA . Dopamine, learning and motivation. Nat Rev Neurosci 2004; 5: 483\u2013494.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5274","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.14.5274","volume":"85","author":"G Di Chiara","year":"1988","unstructured":"Di Chiara G, Imperato A . Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85: 5274\u20135278.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)39420-6","volume":"267","author":"F Weiss","year":"1993","unstructured":"Weiss F, Lorang MT, Bloom FE, Koob GF . Oral alcohol self-administration stimulates dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens: genetic and motivational determinants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 267: 250\u2013258.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10226","volume":"49","author":"I Boileau","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boileau I, Assaad JM, Pihl RO, Benkelfat C, Leyton M, Diksic M et al. Alcohol promotes dopamine release in the human nucleus accumbens. Synapse 2003; 49: 226\u2013231.","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9608","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.16.9608","volume":"95","author":"C Bond","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bond C, LaForge KS, Tian M, Melia D, Zhang S, Borg L et al. Single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human mu opioid receptor gene alters beta-endorphin binding and activity: possible implications for opiate addiction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 9608\u20139613.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.9.1069","volume":"64","author":"LA Ray","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ray LA, Hutchison KE . Effects of naltrexone on alcohol sensitivity and genetic moderators of medication response\u2014a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007; 64: 1069\u20131077.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001378","volume":"9","author":"GM Miller","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miller GM, Bendor J, Tiefenbacher S, Yang H, Novak MA, Madras BK . A mu-opioid receptor single nucleotide polymorphism in rhesus monkey: association with stress response and aggression. Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9: 99\u2013108.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.3.369","volume":"64","author":"CS Barr","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barr CS, Schwandt M, Lindell SG, Chen SA, Goldman D, Suomi SJ et al. Association of a functional polymorphism in the mu-opioid receptor gene with alcohol response and consumption in male rhesus macaques. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007; 64: 369\u2013376.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.024","volume":"83","author":"A Arias","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arias A, Feinn R, Kranzler HR . Association of an Asn40Asp (A118G) polymorphism in the mu-opioid receptor gene with substance dependence: a meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2005; 83: 262\u2013268.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199709000-00002","volume":"17","author":"CJ Endres","year":"1997","unstructured":"Endres CJ, Kolachana BS, Saunders RC, Su T, Weinberger D, Breier A et al. Kinetic modeling of [11C]raclopride: combined PET-microdialysis studies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1997; 17: 932\u2013942.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR17","first-page":"1501","volume":"19","author":"FM Gunning-Dixon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gunning-Dixon FM, Head D, McQuain J, Acker JD, Raz N . Differential aging of the human striatum: a prospective MR imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998; 19: 1501\u20131507.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR18","unstructured":"Urban N, Slifstein M, Kegeles LS, Martinez D, Xu X, Sakr E et al. In vivo evidence for gender differences in alcohol induced striatal dopamine release: a PET imaging study with [11C]. Personal communication, Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2009."},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.024","volume":"83","author":"A Arias","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arias A, Feinn R, Kranzler HR . Association of an Asn40Asp (A118G) polymorphism in the mu-opioid receptor gene with substance dependence: a meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2005; 83: 262\u2013268.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.00906.x","volume":"33","author":"VA Ramchandani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ramchandani VA, Plawecki M, Li TK, O\u2019Connor S . Intravenous ethanol infusions can mimic the time course of breath alcohol concentrations following oral alcohol administration in healthy volunteers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33: 938\u2013944.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04163.x","volume":"23","author":"VA Ramchandani","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ramchandani VA, Bolane J, Li TK, O\u2019Connor S . A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for alcohol facilitates rapid BrAC clamping. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999; 23: 617\u2013623.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02457.x","volume":"26","author":"T Blekher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Blekher T, Ramchandani VA, Flury L, Foroud T, Kareken D, Yee RD et al. Saccadic eye movements are associated with a family history of alcoholism at baseline and after exposure to alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002; 26: 1568.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70035-6","volume":"115","author":"PY Kwo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kwo PY, Ramchandani VA, O\u2019Connor S, Amann D, Carr LG, Sandrasegaran K et al. Gender differences in alcohol metabolism: relationship to liver volume and effect of adjusting for body mass. Gastroenterology 1998; 115: 1552\u20131557.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02670.x","volume":"26","author":"SL Morzorati","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morzorati SL, Ramchandani VA, Flury L, Li TK, O\u2019Connor S . Self-reported subjective perception of intoxication reflects family history of alcoholism when breath alcohol levels are constant. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002; 26: 1299\u20131306.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2002.63.734","volume":"63","author":"VA Ramchandani","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ramchandani VA, Flurry L, Morzorati SL, Kareken D, Blekher T, Foroud T et al. Recent drinking history: association with family history of alcoholism and the acute response to alcohol during a 60\u2009Mg% Clamp. J Stud Alcohol 2002; 63: 734\u2013745.","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000108667.79219.4D","volume":"28","author":"YD Neumark","year":"2004","unstructured":"Neumark YD, Friedlander Y, Durst R, Leitersdorf E, Jaffe D, Ramchandani VA et al. Alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphisms influence alcohol-elimination rates in a male Jewish population. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2004; 28: 10\u201314.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4583","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0086-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"JM Gilman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gilman JM, Ramchandani VA, Davis MB, Bjork JM, Hommer DW . Why we like to drink: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the rewarding and anxiolytic effects of alcohol. J Neurosci 2008; 28: 4583\u20134591.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1990.tb00448.x","volume":"14","author":"H de Wit","year":"1990","unstructured":"de Wit H, McCracken SG . Ethanol self-administration in males with and without an alcoholic first-degree relative. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1990; 14: 63\u201370.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1996.0066","volume":"4","author":"AA Lammertsma","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lammertsma AA, Hume SP . Simplified reference tissue model for PET receptor studies. Neuroimage 1996; 4: 153\u2013158.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1982.43.1157","volume":"43","author":"HA Skinner","year":"1982","unstructured":"Skinner HA, Sheu WJ . Reliability of alcohol use indices. The lifetime drinking history and the MAST. J Stud Alcohol 1982; 43: 1157.","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl024","volume":"15","author":"HP Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang HP, Luo XG, Kranzler HR, Lappalainen J, Yang BZ, Krupitsky E et al. Association between two mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) haplotype blocks and drug or alcohol dependence. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15: 807\u2013819.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244901","volume":"112","author":"JK Belknap","year":"1993","unstructured":"Belknap JK, Crabbe JC, Young ER . Voluntary consumption of ethanol in 15 inbred mouse strains. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1993; 112: 503\u2013510.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.1997.1382","volume":"31","author":"JN Crawley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Crawley JN, Paylor R . A proposed test battery and constellations of specific behavioral paradigms to investigate the behavioral phenotypes of transgenic and knockout mice. Horm Behav 1997; 31: 197\u2013211.","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)13426-5","volume":"247","author":"BJ Morris","year":"1988","unstructured":"Morris BJ, Millan MJ, Herz A . Antagonist-induced opioid receptor up-regulation. II. Regionally specific modulation of mu, delta and kappa binding sites in rat brain revealed by quantitative autoradiography. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988; 247: 729\u2013736.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7242","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.16.7242","volume":"92","author":"LJ Sim","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sim LJ, Selley DE, Childers SR . In vitro autoradiography of receptor-activated G proteins in rat brain by agonist-stimulated guanylyl 5\u2032-[gamma-[35S]thio]-triphosphate binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 7242\u20137246.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR36","volume-title":"The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"G Paxinos","year":"2001","unstructured":"Paxinos G, Franklin KBJ . The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, 2nd ed. Academic Press: London, 2001."},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00295.2009","volume":"103","author":"W Margas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Margas W, Mahmoud S, Ruiz-Velasco V . Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulation of mu ({mu}) opioid receptors in adult rat sphenopalatine ganglion neurons. J Neurophysiol 2009; 103: 172\u2013182.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(01)00165-4","volume":"42","author":"KJ Frantz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Frantz KJ, Hansson KJ, Stouffer DG, Parsons LH . 5-HT6 receptor antagonism potentiates the behavioral and neurochemical effects of amphetamine but not cocaine. Neuropharmacology 2002; 42: 170\u2013180.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.08.016","volume":"63","author":"MR Munafo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Munafo MR, Brown SM, Hariri AR . Serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) genotype and amygdala activation: a meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 63: 852\u2013857.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.03.029","volume":"58","author":"T Furmark","year":"2005","unstructured":"Furmark T, Appel L, Michelgard A, Wahlstedt K, Ahs F, Zancan S et al. Cerebral blood flow changes after treatment of social phobia with the neurokinin-1 antagonist GR205171, citalopram, or placebo. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 58: 132\u2013142.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.108.3.383","volume":"108","author":"DB Newlin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Newlin DB, Thomson JB . Alcohol challenge with sons of alcoholics\u2014a critical-review and analysis. Psychol Bull 1990; 108: 383\u2013402.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300598","volume":"30","author":"G Bart","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bart G, Kreek MJ, Ott J, LaForge KS, Proudnikov D, Pollak L et al. Increased attributable risk related to a functional mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphism in association with alcohol dependence in central Sweden. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005; 30: 417\u2013422.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.024","volume":"83","author":"A Arias","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arias A, Feinn R, Kranzler HR . Association of an Asn40Asp (A118G) polymorphism in the [mu]-opioid receptor gene with substance dependence: a meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2006; 83: 262\u2013268.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071829","volume":"297","author":"AR Hariri","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hariri AR, Mattay VS, Tessitore A, Kolachana B, Fera F, Goldman D et al. Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala. Science 2002; 297: 400\u2013403.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000949","volume":"7","author":"AJ Bennett","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bennett AJ, Lesch KP, Heils A, Long JC, Lorenz JG, Shoaf SE et al. Early experience and serotonin transporter gene variation interact to influence primate CNS function. Mol Psychiatry 2002; 7: 118\u2013122.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12358","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403763101","volume":"101","author":"CS Barr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barr CS, Newman TK, Schwandt M, Shannon C, Dvoskin RL, Lindell SG et al. Sexual dichotomy of an interaction between early adversity and the serotonin transporter gene promoter variant in rhesus macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 12358\u201312363.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083968","volume":"301","author":"A Caspi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, Taylor A, Craig IW, Harrington H et al. Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 2003; 301: 386\u2013389.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.878","volume":"301","author":"N Risch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Risch N, Herrell R, Lehner T, Liang KY, Eaves L, Hoh J et al. Interaction between the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), stressful life events, and risk of depression: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2009; 301: 2462.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.4.582","volume":"158","author":"KS Kendler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kendler KS, Thornton LM, Gardner CO . Genetic risk, number of previous depressive episodes, and stressful life events in predicting onset of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 582\u2013586.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300219","volume":"28","author":"DW Oslin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Oslin DW, Berrettini W, Kranzler HR, Pettinati H, Gelernter J, Volpicelli JR et al. A functional polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor gene is associated with naltrexone response in alcohol-dependent patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28: 1546\u20131552.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.2.135","volume":"65","author":"RF Anton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anton RF, Oroszi G, O\u2019Malley S, Couper D, Swift R, Pettinati H et al. An evaluation of mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) as a predictor of naltrexone response in the treatment of alcohol dependence: results from the Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence (COMBINE) study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008; 65: 135\u2013144.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00339.x","volume":"31","author":"J Gelernter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gelernter J, Gueorguieva R, Kranzler HR, Zhang HP, Cramer J, Rosenheck R et al. Opioid receptor gene (OPRM1, OPRK1, and OPRD1) variants and response to naltrexone treatment for alcohol dependence: results from the VA cooperative study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2007; 31: 555\u2013563.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.07.026","volume":"67","author":"CS Barr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barr CS, Chen SA, Schwandt ML, Lindell SG, Sun H, Suomi SJ et al. Suppression of alcohol preference by naltrexone in the rhesus macaque: a critical role of genetic variation at the \u03bc-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) locus. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 67: 78\u201380.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.56.091103.070229","volume":"57","author":"W Schultz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schultz W . Behavioral theories and the neurophysiology of reward. Annu Rev Psychol 2006; 57: 87\u2013115.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32618","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M504942200","volume":"280","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wang DX, Johnson AD, Papp AC, Sadee W . Allelic expression imbalance of human mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) caused by variant A118G. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 32618\u201332624.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10847","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901800106","volume":"106","author":"SD Mague","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mague SD, Isiegas C, Huang P, Liu-Chen LY, Lerman C, Blendy JA . Mouse model of OPRM1 (A118G) polymorphism has sex-specific effects on drug-mediated behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106: 10847\u201310852.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00613-X","volume":"108","author":"L He","year":"2002","unstructured":"He L, Fong J, von Zastrow M, Whistler JL . Regulation of opioid receptor trafficking and morphine tolerance by receptor oligomerization. Cell 2002; 108: 271\u2013282.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5277","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710225105","volume":"105","author":"CS Barr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barr CS, Schwandt ML, Lindell SG, Higley JD, Maestripieri D, Goldman D et al. Variation at the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) influences attachment behavior in infant primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105: 5277\u20135281.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15079","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812612106","volume":"106","author":"BM Way","year":"2009","unstructured":"Way BM, Taylor SE, Eisenberger NI . Variation in the \u03bc-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) is associated with dispositional and neural sensitivity to social rejection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106: 15079\u201315084.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00294-9","volume":"26","author":"GS Wand","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wand GS, McCaul M, Yang X, Reynolds J, Gotjen D, Lee S et al. The mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphism (A118G) alters HPA axis activation induced by opioid receptor blockade. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002; 26: 106\u2013114.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFmp201056_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.09.63","volume":"10","author":"GSY Pang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pang GSY, Wang JB, Wang ZH, Goh C, Lee CGL . The G allele of SNP E1\/A118G at the mu-opioid receptor gene locus shows genomic evidence of recent positive selection. Pharmacogenomics 2009; 10: 1101\u20131109.","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"}],"container-title":["Molecular Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp201056.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp201056","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp201056.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T17:48:56Z","timestamp":1740073736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp201056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}},"alternative-id":["BFmp201056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2010.56","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.4539956.4400055","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1359-4184","1476-5578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-4184","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2010","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2010","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2010","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}