{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T07:21:08Z","timestamp":1790493668517,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T04:07:36Z","timestamp":1468901256000},"page":"595-604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Inducible ablation of dopamine D2 receptors in adult mice impairs locomotion, motor skill learning and leads to severe parkinsonism"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"E P","family":"Bello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Casas-Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G L","family":"Gali\u00f1anes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Belluscio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Noa\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M G","family":"Murer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Rubinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1919","volume":"7","author":"HH Yin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yin HH, Knowlton BJ . The role of the basal ganglia in habit formation. Nat Rev Neurosci 2006; 7: 464\u2013476.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8091209","volume":"265","author":"AM Graybiel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Graybiel AM, Aosaki T, Flaherty AW, Kimura M . The basal ganglia and adaptive motor control. Science 1994; 265: 1826\u20131831.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-061010-113641","volume":"34","author":"CR Gerfen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gerfen CR, Surmeier DJ . Modulation of striatal projection systems by dopamine. Annu Rev Neurosci 2011; 34: 441\u2013466.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09159","volume":"466","author":"AV Kravitz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kravitz AV, Freeze BS, Parker PRL, Kay K, Thwin MT, Deisseroth K et al. Regulation of parkinsonian motor behaviours by optogenetic control of basal ganglia circuitry. Nature 2010; 466: 622\u2013626.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.074468","volume":"312","author":"RJ Ralph","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ralph RJ, Caine SB . Dopamine D1 and D2 agonist effects on prepulse inhibition and locomotion: comparison of Sprague-Dawley rats to Swiss-Webster, 129X1\/SvJ, C57BL\/6J, and DBA\/2J mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 312: 733\u2013741.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024053","volume":"19","author":"M Thomsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thomsen M, Ralph RJ, Caine SB . Psychomotor stimulation by dopamine D1-like but not D2-like agonists in most mouse strains. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2011; 19: 342\u2013360.","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10289","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2155-04.2004","volume":"24","author":"N Maurice","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maurice N . D2 dopamine receptor-mediated modulation of voltage-dependent Na+ Channels reduces autonomous activity in striatal cholinergic interneurons. J Neurosci 2004; 24: 10289\u201310301.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.04.010","volume":"50","author":"Z Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang Z, Kai L, Day M, Ronesi J, Yin HH, Ding J et al. Dopaminergic control of corticostriatal long-term synaptic depression in medium spiny neurons is mediated by cholinergic interneurons. Neuron 2006; 50: 443\u2013452.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(04)00265-X","volume":"42","author":"NS Bamford","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bamford NS, Zhang H, Schmitz Y, Wu N-P, Cepeda C, Levine MS et al. Heterosynaptic dopamine neurotransmission selects sets of corticostriatal terminals. Neuron 2004; 42: 653\u2013663.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2862","volume":"14","author":"EP Bello","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bello EP, Mateo Y, Gelman DM, Noa\u00edn D, Shin JH, Low MJ et al. Cocaine supersensitivity and enhanced motivation for reward in mice lacking dopamine D2 autoreceptors. Nat Neurosci 2011; 14: 1033\u20131038.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.01.025","volume":"282C","author":"CP Ford","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ford CP . The role of D2-autoreceptors in regulating dopamine neuron activity and transmission. Neuroscience 2014; 282C: 13\u201322.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5834","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5673-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"D Noa\u00edn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Noa\u00edn D, P\u00e9rez-Mill\u00e1n MI, Bello EP, Luque GM, Casas Cordero R, Gelman DM et al. Central dopamine D2 receptors regulate growth-hormone-dependent body growth and pheromone signaling to conspecific males. J Neurosci 2013; 33: 5834\u20135842.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.336","volume":"40","author":"KB Holroyd","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holroyd KB, Adrover MF, Fuino RL, Bock R, Kaplan AR, Gremel CM et al. Loss of feedback inhibition via D2 autoreceptors enhances acquisition of cocaine taking and reactivity to drug-paired cues. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40: 1495\u20131509.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1707","volume":"155","author":"MI Perez Millan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Perez Millan MI, Luque GM, Ramirez MC, Noain D, Ornstein AM, Rubinstein M et al. Selective disruption of dopamine D2 receptors in pituitary lactotropes increases body weight and adiposity in female mice. Endocrinology 2014; 155: 829\u2013839.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9023","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0918-12.2012","volume":"32","author":"A Anzalone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anzalone A, Lizardi-Ortiz JE, Ramos M, De Mei C, Hopf FW, Iaccarino C et al. Dual control of dopamine synthesis and release by presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors. J Neurosci 2012; 32: 9023\u20139034.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(92)90102-L","volume":"41","author":"H Fujiwara","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fujiwara H . Comparative studies of sulpiride and classical neuroleptics on induction of catalepsy, locomotor activity, and brain dopamine metabolism in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1992; 41: 301\u2013308.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2010.10.002","volume":"29","author":"SN Caroff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Caroff SN, Hurford I, Lybrand J, Campbell EC . Movement disorders induced by antipsychotic drugs: implications of the CATIE schizophrenia trial. Neurol Clin 2011; 29: 127\u2013148, viii.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90145-0","volume":"83","author":"QY Zhou","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zhou QY, Palmiter RD . Dopamine-deficient mice are severely hypoactive, adipsic, and aphagic. Cell 1995; 83: 1197\u20131209.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3470","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-09-03470.1998","volume":"18","author":"MA Kelly","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kelly MA, Rubinstein M, Phillips TJ, Lessov CN, Burkhart-Kasch S, Zhang G et al. Locomotor activity in D2 dopamine receptor-deficient mice is determined by gene dosage, genetic background, and developmental adaptations. J Neurosci 1998; 18: 3470\u20133479.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(99)00150-1","volume":"39","author":"JJ Clifford","year":"2000","unstructured":"Clifford JJ, Usiello A, Vallone D, Kinsella A, Borrelli E, Waddington JL . Topographical evaluation of behavioural phenotype in a line of mice with targeted gene deletion of the D2 dopamine receptor. Neuropharmacology 2000; 39: 382\u2013390.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00246-9","volume":"25","author":"JJ Clifford","year":"2001","unstructured":"Clifford JJ, Kinsella A, Tighe O, Rubinstein M, Grandy DK, Low MJ et al. Comparative, topographically-based evaluation of behavioural phenotype and specification of D(1)-like:D(2) interactions in a line of incipient congenic mice with D(2) dopamine receptor 'knockout'. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001; 25: 527\u2013536.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2002.0597","volume":"244","author":"S Hayashi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hayashi S, McMahon AP . Efficient recombination in diverse tissues by a tamoxifen-inducible form of Cre: a tool for temporally regulated gene activation\/inactivation in the mouse. Dev Biol 2002; 244: 305\u2013318.","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2136","volume":"11","author":"A Pascual","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pascual A, Hidalgo-Figueroa M, Piruat JI, Pintado CO, G\u00f3mez-D\u00edaz R, L\u00f3pez-Barneo J . Absolute requirement of GDNF for adult catecholaminergic neuron survival. Nat Neurosci 2008; 11: 755\u2013761.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10021","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1316-12.2012","volume":"32","author":"MV Nguyen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nguyen MV, Du F, Felice CA, Shan X, Nigam A, Mandel G et al. MeCP2 is critical for maintaining mature neuronal networks and global brain anatomy during late stages of postnatal brain development and in the mature adult brain. J Neurosci 2012; 32: 10021\u201310034.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0136422","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136422","volume":"10","author":"B Pelosi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pelosi B, Pratelli M, Migliarini S, Pacini G, Pasqualetti M . Generation of a Tph2 conditional knockout mouse line for time- and tissue-specific depletion of brain serotonin. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0136422.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4203","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI62543","volume":"122","author":"VF Bumaschny","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bumaschny VF, Yamashita M, Casas-Cordero R, Otero-Corch\u00f3n V, de Souza FS, Rubinstein M et al. Obesity-programmed mice are rescued by early genetic intervention. J Clin Invest 2012; 122: 4203\u20134212.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.05.004","volume":"30","author":"C Hammond","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hammond C, Bergman H, Brown P . Pathological synchronization in Parkinson\u2019s disease: networks, models and treatments. Trends Neurosci 2007; 30: 357\u2013364.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.07.023","volume":"245","author":"E Stein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stein E, Bar-Gad I . Beta oscillations in the cortico-basal ganglia loop during parkinsonism. Exp Neurol 2013; 245: 52\u201359.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4795","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0123-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"N Mallet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mallet N, Pogosyan A, Sharott A, Csicsvari J, Bolam JP, Brown P et al. Disrupted dopamine transmission and the emergence of exaggerated beta oscillations in subthalamic nucleus and cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 2008; 28: 4795\u20134806.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6231","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4137-14.2015","volume":"35","author":"AT Connolly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Connolly AT, Jensen AL, Bello EM, Netoff TI, Baker KB, Johnson MD et al. Modulations in oscillatory frequency and coupling in globus pallidus with increasing parkinsonian severity. J Neurosci 2015; 35: 6231\u20136240.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.07.030","volume":"52","author":"RM Costa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Costa RM, Lin S-C, Sotnikova TD, Cyr M, Gainetdinov RR, Caron MG et al. Rapid alterations in corticostriatal ensemble coordination during acute dopamine-dependent motor dysfunction. Neuron 2006; 52: 359\u2013369.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.10.006","volume":"144","author":"JR Walters","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walters JR, Hu D, Itoga CA, Parr-Brownlie LC, Bergstrom DA . Phase relationships support a role for coordinated activity in the indirect pathway in organizing slow oscillations in basal ganglia output after loss of dopamine. Neuroscience 2007; 144: 762\u2013776.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05475.x","volume":"25","author":"CL Zold","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zold CL, Ballion B, Riquelme LA, Gonon F, Murer MG . Nigrostriatal lesion induces D2-modulated phase-locked activity in the basal ganglia of rats. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 25: 2131\u20132144.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14245","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4199-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"N Mallet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mallet N, Pogosyan A, M\u00e1rton LF, Bolam JP, Brown P, Magill PJ . Parkinsonian beta oscillations in the external globus pallidus and their relationship with subthalamic nucleus activity. J Neurosci 2008; 28: 14245\u201314258.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05754.x","volume":"26","author":"CL Zold","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zold CL, Larramendy C, Riquelme LA, Murer MG . Distinct changes in evoked and resting globus pallidus activity in early and late Parkinson\u2019s disease experimental models. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 26: 1267\u20131279.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.03.022","volume":"47","author":"CL Zold","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zold CL, Escande MV, Pomata PE, Riquelme LA, Murer MG . Striatal NMDA receptors gate cortico-pallidal synchronization in a rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 47: 38\u201348.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.027","volume":"74","author":"N Mallet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mallet N, Micklem BR, Henny P, Brown MT, Williams C, Bolam JP et al. Dichotomous organization of the external globus pallidus. Neuron 2012; 74: 1075\u20131086.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00409-5","volume":"76","author":"R Levy","year":"1997","unstructured":"Levy R, Hazrati LN, Herrero MT, Vila M, Hassani OK, Mouroux M et al. Re-evaluation of the functional anatomy of the basal ganglia in normal and Parkinsonian states. Neuroscience 1997; 76: 335\u2013343.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh106","volume":"127","author":"AA K\u00fchn","year":"2004","unstructured":"K\u00fchn AA, Williams D, Kupsch A, Limousin P, Hariz M, Schneider G-H et al. Event-related beta desynchronization in human subthalamic nucleus correlates with motor performance. Brain 2004; 127: 735\u2013746.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2007.12.001","volume":"17","author":"P Brown","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brown P . Abnormal oscillatory synchronisation in the motor system leads to impaired movement. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2007; 17: 656\u2013664.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)59022-3","volume":"159","author":"D Devos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Devos D, Defebvre L . Chapter 22 Effect of deep brain stimulation and l-Dopa on electrocortical rhythms related to movement in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Prog Brain Res 2006; 159: 331\u2013349.","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.03973.x","volume":"21","author":"A Sharott","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sharott A, Magill PJ, Harnack D, Kupsch A, Meissner W, Brown P . Dopamine depletion increases the power and coherence of beta-oscillations in the cerebral cortex and subthalamic nucleus of the awake rat. Eur J Neurosci 2005; 21: 1413\u20131422.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11302","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3242-04.2004","volume":"24","author":"R Amirnovin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Amirnovin R, Williams ZM, Cosgrove GR, Eskandar EN . Visually guided movements suppress subthalamic oscillations in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. J Neurosci 2004; 24: 11302\u201311306.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11620","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107748108","volume":"108","author":"MM McCarthy","year":"2011","unstructured":"McCarthy MM, Moore-Kochlacs C, Gu X, Boyden ES, Han X, Kopell N . Striatal origin of the pathologic beta oscillations in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011; 108: 11620\u201311625.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001556","volume":"10","author":"S Miyamoto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miyamoto S, Duncan GE, Marx CE, Lieberman JA . Treatments for schizophrenia: a critical review of pharmacology and mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs. Mol Psychiatry 2005; 10: 79\u2013104.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-06-02231.1998","volume":"18","author":"TE Koeltzow","year":"1998","unstructured":"Koeltzow TE, Xu M, Cooper DC, Hu XT, Tonegawa S, Wolf ME et al. Alterations in dopamine release but not dopamine autoreceptor function in dopamine D3 receptor mutant mice. J Neurosci 1998; 18: 2231\u20132238.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(19990301)31:3<210::AID-SYN6>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"31","author":"M Xu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Xu M, Koeltzow TE, Cooper DC, Tonegawa S, White FJ . Dopamine D3 receptor mutant and wild-type mice exhibit identical responses to putative D3 receptor-selective agonists and antagonists. Synapse 1999; 31: 210\u2013215.","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80365-7","volume":"90","author":"M Rubinstein","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rubinstein M, Phillips TJ, Bunzow JR, Falzone TL, Dziewczapolski G, Zhang G et al. Mice lacking dopamine D4 receptors are supersensitive to ethanol, cocaine, and methamphetamine. Cell 1997; 90: 991\u20131001.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80351-7","volume":"19","author":"MA Kelly","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kelly MA, Rubinstein M, Asa SL, Zhang G, Saez C, Bunzow JR et al. Pituitary lactotroph hyperplasia and chronic hyperprolactinemia in dopamine D2 receptor-deficient mice. Neuron 1997; 19: 103\u2013113.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.4.8750","volume":"143","author":"G D\u00edaz-Torga","year":"2002","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-Torga G, Feierstein C, Libertun C, Gelman D, Kelly MA, Low MJ et al. Disruption of the D2 dopamine receptor alters GH and IGF-I secretion and causes dwarfism in male mice. Endocrinology 2002; 143: 1270\u20131279.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-009-0019-3","volume":"11","author":"F Susatia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Susatia F, Fernandez HH . Drug-induced parkinsonism. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2009; 11: 162\u2013169.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.03.013","volume":"77","author":"J Rocchetti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rocchetti J, Isingrini E, Dal BoG, Sagheby S, Menegaux A, Tronche F et al. Presynaptic D2 dopamine receptors control long-term depression expression and memory processes in the temporal hippocampus. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77: 513\u2013525.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.05.011","volume":"2","author":"R Cachope","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cachope R, Mateo Y, Mathur BN, Irving J, Wang H-L, Morales M et al. Selective activation of cholinergic interneurons enhances accumbal phasic dopamine release: setting the tone for reward processing. Cell Rep 2012; 2: 33\u201341.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.038","volume":"75","author":"S Threlfell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Threlfell S, Lalic T, Platt NJ, Jennings KA, Deisseroth K, Cragg SJ . Striatal dopamine release is triggered by synchronized activity in cholinergic interneurons. Neuron 2012; 75: 58\u201364.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(86)90694-1","volume":"123","author":"P Barone","year":"1986","unstructured":"Barone P, Davis TA, Braun AR, Chase TN . Dopaminergic mechanisms and motor function: characterization of D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptor interactions. Eur J Pharmacol 1986; 123: 109\u2013114.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(88)90121-5","volume":"148","author":"M Rubinstein","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rubinstein M, Gershanik O, Stefano FJ . Different roles of D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptors involved in locomotor activity of supersensitive mice. Eur J Pharmacol 1988; 148: 419\u2013426.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11846","volume":"494","author":"G Cui","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cui G, Jun SB, Jin X, Pham MD, Vogel SS, Lovinger DM et al. Concurrent activation of striatal direct and indirect pathways during action initiation. Nature 2014; 494: 238\u2013242.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2261","volume":"12","author":"HH Yin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yin HH, Mulcare SP, Hil\u00e1rio MRF, Clouse E, Holloway T, Davis MI et al. Dynamic reorganization of striatal circuits during the acquisition and consolidation of a skill. Nat Neurosci 2009; 12: 333\u2013341.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1954.02330050061010","volume":"72","author":"RS Schwab","year":"1954","unstructured":"Schwab RS, Chafetz ME, Walker S . Control of two simultaneous voluntary motor acts in normals and in parkinsonism. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1954; 72: 591\u2013598.","journal-title":"AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5280.1399","volume":"273","author":"BJ Knowlton","year":"1996","unstructured":"Knowlton BJ, Mangels JA, Squire LR . A neostriatal habit learning system in humans. Science 1996; 273: 1399\u20131402.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3894-04.2005","volume":"25","author":"A Faure","year":"2005","unstructured":"Faure A, Haberland U, Cond\u00e9 F, El Massioui N . Lesion to the nigrostriatal dopamine system disrupts stimulus-response habit formation. J Neurosci 2005; 25: 2771\u20132780.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFmp2016105_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6430","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-16-06430.2001","volume":"21","author":"KY Tseng","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tseng KY, Kasanetz F, Kargieman L, Riquelme LA, Murer MG . Cortical slow oscillatory activity is reflected in the membrane potential and spike trains of striatal neurons in rats with chronic nigrostriatal lesions. J Neurosci 2001; 21: 6430\u20136439.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Molecular Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp2016105.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp2016105","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp2016105.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T22:44:05Z","timestamp":1648766645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp2016105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BFmp2016105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2016.105","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-4184","1476-5578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-4184","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 February 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2016","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2016","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2016","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}