{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T05:01:23Z","timestamp":1793682083160,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T04:00:48Z","timestamp":1505793648000},"page":"1892-1899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["The associations of earlier trauma exposures and history of mental disorders with PTSD after subsequent traumas"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"23","author":[{"name":"on behalf of the WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R C","family":"Kessler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Aguilar-Gaxiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E J","family":"Bromet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Gureje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E G","family":"Karam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K C","family":"Koenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B-E","family":"Pennell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M V","family":"Petukhova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N A","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Shahly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D J","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Atwoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Bunting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"de Girolamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S F","family":"Gluzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J M","family":"Haro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Hinkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Kovess-Masfety","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Navarro-Mateu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Posada-Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K M","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Y","family":"Shalev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"ten Have","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M C","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A M","family":"Zaslavsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"164_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000167","volume":"28","author":"L Atwoli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Atwoli L, Stein DJ, Koenen KC, McLaughlin KA. Epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: prevalence, correlates and consequences. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2015; 28: 307\u2013311.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"164_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001981","volume":"46","author":"C Benjet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benjet C, Bromet E, Karam EG, Kessler RC, McLaughlin KA, Ruscio AM et al. The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium. Psychol Med 2016; 46: 327\u2013343.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"164_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.06.008","volume":"32","author":"J Bomyea","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bomyea J, Risbrough V, Lang AJ. A consideration of select pre-trauma factors as key vulnerabilities in PTSD. Clin Psychol Rev 2012; 32: 630\u2013641.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"164_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.09.039","volume":"92","author":"I Liberzon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liberzon I, Abelson JL. Context processing and the neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuron 2016; 92: 14\u201330.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"164_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.266","volume":"41","author":"JW Smoller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smoller JW. The genetics of stress-related disorders: PTSD, depression, and anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41: 297\u2013319.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"(Pt B)","key":"164_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.07.002","volume":"284","author":"SR Horn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Horn SR, Charney DS, Feder A. Understanding resilience: new approaches for preventing and treating PTSD. Exp Neurol 2016; 284(Pt B): 119\u2013132.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"164_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20150","volume":"13","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Rose S, Koenen KC, Karam EG, Stang PE, Stein DJ et al. How well can post-traumatic stress disorder be predicted from pre-trauma risk factors? An exploratory study in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. World Psychiatry 2014; 13: 265\u2013274.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"164_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.05.002","volume":"33","author":"JA DiGangi","year":"2013","unstructured":"DiGangi JA, Gomez D, Mendoza L, Jason LA, Keys CB, Koenen KC. Pretrauma risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev 2013; 33: 728\u2013744.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"164_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.080499","volume":"197","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kessler RC, McLaughlin KA, Green JG, Gruber MJ, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM et al. Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Br J Psychiatry 2010; 197: 378\u2013385.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"164_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.01.019","volume":"89","author":"CB Nemeroff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nemeroff CB. Paradise lost: the neurobiological and clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect. Neuron 2016; 89: 892\u2013909.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"164_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186","volume":"67","author":"JG Green","year":"2010","unstructured":"Green JG, McLaughlin KA, Berglund PA, Gruber MJ, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM et al. Childhood adversities and adult psychiatric disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication I: associations with first onset of DSM-IV disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010; 67: 113\u2013123.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"164_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2277","volume":"69","author":"KA McLaughlin","year":"2012","unstructured":"McLaughlin KA, Greif Green J, Gruber MJ, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM, Kessler RC. Childhood adversities and first onset of psychiatric disorders in a national sample of US adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2012; 69: 1151\u20131160.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"164_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.07.001","volume":"48","author":"N Breslau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Breslau N, Peterson EL. Assaultive violence and the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder following a subsequent trauma. Behav Res Ther 2010; 48: 1063\u20131066.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"164_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.4.431","volume":"65","author":"N Breslau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Breslau N, Peterson EL, Schultz LR. A second look at prior trauma and the posttraumatic stress disorder effects of subsequent trauma: a prospective epidemiological study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008; 65: 431\u2013437.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"164_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.07.014","volume":"47","author":"JR Cougle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cougle JR, Resnick H, Kilpatrick DG. Does prior exposure to interpersonal violence increase risk of PTSD following subsequent exposure? Behav Res Ther 2009; 47: 1012\u20131017.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"164_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000041","volume":"124","author":"KL Harkness","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harkness KL, Hayden EP, Lopez-Duran NL. Stress sensitivity and stress sensitization in psychopathology: an introduction to the special section. J Abnorm Psychol 2015; 124: 1\u20133.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"164_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3783","volume":"74","author":"H Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu H, Petukhova MV, Sampson NA, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Andrade LH et al. Association of DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder with traumatic experience type and history in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74: 270\u2013281.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"164_CR18","unstructured":"World Bank. World Bank list of economies (July 2009). (2009). The World Bank; Washington, DC. Available at \n                    http:\/\/www.iqla.org\/joining\/World-Bank_Classification-List_2009.pdf\n                    \n                   Accessed 01 June 2017."},{"key":"164_CR19","unstructured":"Pennell B-E, Mneimneh ZN, Bowers A, Chardoul S, Wells JE, Viana MC et alImplementation of the World Mental Health Surveys. In: Kessler RC, \u00dcst\u00fcn TB (eds). The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY, 2008, pp 33\u201357."},{"key":"164_CR20","unstructured":"Heeringa SG, Wells JE, Hubbard F, Mneimneh ZN, Chiu WT, Sampson NA et alSample designs and sampling procedures. In: Kessler RC, \u00dcst\u00fcn TB (eds). The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY, 2008, pp 14\u201332."},{"key":"164_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.168","volume":"13","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Ustun TB. The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative Version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2004; 13: 93\u2013121.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"164_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.08.018","volume":"96","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Akiskal HS, Angst J, Guyer M, Hirschfeld RM, Merikangas KR et al. Validity of the assessment of bipolar spectrum disorders in the WHO CIDI 3.0. J Affect Disord 2006; 96: 259\u2013269.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"164_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.55","volume":"8","author":"B Kn\u00e4uper","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kn\u00e4uper B, Cannell CF, Schwarz N, Bruce ML, Kessler RC. Improving accuracy of major depression age\u2010of\u2010onset reports in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 1999; 8: 39\u201348.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"164_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.196","volume":"15","author":"JM Haro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haro JM, Arbabzadeh-Bouchez S, Brugha TS, de Girolamo G, Guyer ME, Jin R et al. Concordance of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) with standardized clinical assessments in the WHO World Mental Health surveys. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2006; 15: 167\u2013180.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"164_CR25","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I DSM-IV Disorders","author":"MB First","year":"1994","unstructured":"First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams BJ. Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I DSM-IV Disorders. New York State Psychiatric Institute Biometrics Research Department: New York, 1994."},{"key":"164_CR26","volume-title":"Introduction to Variance Estimation","author":"KM Wolter","year":"1985","unstructured":"Wolter KM. Introduction to Variance Estimation. Springer-Verlag: New York, 1985."},{"key":"164_CR27","volume-title":"SAS Software, Version 9.2 [computer program]","author":"SAS Institute","year":"2008","unstructured":"SAS InstituteSAS Software, Version 9.2 [computer program]. SAS Institute: Cary, NC, 2008."},{"key":"164_CR28","unstructured":"Scott KM, Koenen KC, King A, Petukhova MV, Alonso J, Bromet EJ et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder associated with sexual assault among women in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med 2017; e-pub ahead of print 19 June 2017."},{"key":"164_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.1.52","volume":"129","author":"EJ Ozer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ozer EJ, Best SR, Lipsey TL, Weiss DS. Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 2003; 129: 52\u201373.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"164_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0612-y","volume":"17","author":"S Sayed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sayed S, Iacoviello BM, Charney DS. Risk factors for the development of psychopathology following trauma. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2015; 17: 70.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"164_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogle CM, Siegler IC, Beckham JC, Rubin DC. Neuroticism increases PTSD symptom severity by amplifying the emotionality, rehearsal, and centrality of trauma memories. J Pers 2016; e-pub ahead of print 12 August 2016.","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12278"}],"container-title":["Molecular Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp2017194","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp2017194.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/mp.2017.194","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp2017194.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T14:17:40Z","timestamp":1684419460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/mp2017194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2017.194","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-4184","1476-5578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-4184","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2017","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2017","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2017","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"In the past 3 years, RCK received support for his epidemiological studies from Sanofi Aventis; was a consultant for Johnson & Johnson Wellness and Prevention, Shire, Takeda; and served on an advisory board for the Johnson & Johnson Services Lake Nona Life Project. RCK is a co-owner of DataStat, a market research firm that carries out healthcare research. In the past 3 years, DJS has received research grants and\/or consultancy honoraria from Biocodex, Lundbeck, Servier and Sun. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}