{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:36:31Z","timestamp":1791837391206,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6998","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nature02675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,21]],"date-time":"2004-07-21T13:11:04Z","timestamp":1090415464000},"page":"463-467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":241,"title":["Transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis by sand flies is enhanced by regurgitation of fPPG"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"430","author":[{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ilg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei V.","family":"Nikolaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A. J.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFnature02675_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.453","volume":"55","author":"DL Sacks","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sacks, D. L. & Kamhawi, S. Molecular aspects of parasite-vector and vector-host interactions in leishmaniasis. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 55, 453\u2013483 (2001)","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-9335(99)80036-3","volume":"78","author":"Y-D Stierhof","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stierhof, Y.-D. et al. Filamentous proteophosphoglycan secreted by Leishmania promastigotes forms gel-like three-dimensional networks that obstruct the digestive tract of infected sandfly vectors. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 78, 675\u2013689 (1999)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002001439","volume":"124","author":"ME Rogers","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rogers, M. E., Chance, M. L. & Bates, P. A. The role of promastigote secretory gel in the origin and transmission of the infective stage of Leishmania mexicana by the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis. Parasitol. 124, 495\u2013507 (2002)","journal-title":"Parasitol."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR4","unstructured":"UNDP\/World Bank\/WHO. Leishmaniasis \u3008 http:\/\/www.who.int\/tdr\/diseases\/leish\/diseaseinfo.htm \u3009 (2004)."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6701528","volume":"223","author":"DL Sacks","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sacks, D. L. & Perkins, P. V. Identification of an infective stage of Leishmania promastigotes. Science 223, 1417\u20131419 (1984)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3344436","volume":"239","author":"RG Titus","year":"1988","unstructured":"Titus, R. G. & Ribeiro, J. M. Salivary gland lysates from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis enhance Leishmania infectivity. Science 239, 1306\u20131308 (1988)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.10.1941","volume":"188","author":"Y Belkaid","year":"1998","unstructured":"Belkaid, Y. et al. Development of a natural model of cutaneous leishmaniasis: powerful effects of vector saliva and saliva preexposure on the long-term outcome of Leishmania major infection in the mouse ear dermis. J. Exp. Med. 188, 1941\u20131953 (1998)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9944","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.20.9944","volume":"89","author":"Y Schlein","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schlein, Y., Jacobson, R. L. & Messer, G. Leishmania infections damage the feeding mechanism of the sandfly vector and implement parasite transmission by bite. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89, 9944\u20139948 (1992)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1615326","volume":"256","author":"PF Pimenta","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pimenta, P. F. et al. Stage-specific adhesion of Leishmania promastigotes to the sandfly midgut. Science 256, 1812\u20131815 (1992)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.1.406","volume":"97","author":"DL Sacks","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sacks, D. L. et al. The role of phosphoglycans in Leishmania-sand fly interactions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 406\u2013411 (2000)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9258","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.160257897","volume":"97","author":"GF Sp\u00e4th","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sp\u00e4th, G. F. et al. Lipophosphoglycan is a virulence factor distinct from related glycoconjugates in the protozoan parasite Leishmania major. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 9258\u20139263 (2000)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1087499","volume":"301","author":"GF Sp\u00e4th","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sp\u00e4th, G. F. et al. Persistence without pathology in phosphoglycan-deficient Leishmania major. Science 301, 1241\u20131243 (2003)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21583","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.35.21583","volume":"271","author":"T Ilg","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ilg, T. et al. Purification and structural characterization of a filamentous, mucin-like proteophosphoglycan secreted by Leishmania parasites. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 21583\u201321596 (1996)","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR14","first-page":"489","volume":"16","author":"T Ilg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ilg, T. Proteophosphoglycans of Leishmania. Trends Parasitol. 16, 489\u2013497 (2000)","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1986.35.926","volume":"35","author":"A Warburg","year":"1986","unstructured":"Warburg, A. & Schlein, Y. The effect of post-bloodmeal nutrition of Phlebotomus papatasi on the transmission of Leishmania major. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 35, 926\u2013930 (1986)","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200008183X","volume":"111","author":"EMB Saraiva","year":"1995","unstructured":"Saraiva, E. M. B. et al. Changes in lipophosphoglycan and gene expression associated with the development of Leishmania major in Phlebotomus papatasi. Parasitol. 111, 275\u2013287 (1995)","journal-title":"Parasitol."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5495.1351","volume":"290","author":"S Kamhawi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kamhawi, S., Belkaid, Y., Modi, G., Rowton, E. & Sacks, D. L. Protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis resulting from bites of uninfected sand flies. Science 290, 1351\u20131354 (2000)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762001000700019","volume":"96","author":"F Castro-Sousa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Castro-Sousa, F. et al. Dissociation between vasodilation and Leishmania-enhancing effects of sand fly saliva and maxadilan. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 96, 997\u2013999 (2001)","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07089.x","volume":"14","author":"M Wiese","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wiese, M., Ilg, T., Lottspeich, F. & Overath, P. Ser\/Thr-rich repetitive motifs as targets for phosphoglycan modifications in Leishmania mexicana secreted acid phosphatase. EMBO J. 14, 1067\u20131074 (1995)","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3440787","volume":"344","author":"U Gopfert","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gopfert, U. et al. Proteophosphoglycans of Leishmania mexicana. Molecular characterization of the Leishmania mexicana ppg2 gene encoding the protephosphoglycans aPPG and pPPG2 that are secreted by amastigotes and promastigotes. Biochem. J. 344, 787\u2013795 (1999)","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.9.1953","volume":"19","author":"T Ilg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ilg, T. Lipophosphoglycan is not required for infection of macrophages or mice by Leishmania mexicana. EMBO J. 19, 1953\u20131962 (2000)","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4988","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008030200","volume":"276","author":"T Ilg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ilg, T., Demar, M. & Harbecke, D. Phosphoglycan repeat-deficient Leishmania mexicana parasites remain infectious to macrophages and mice. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 4988\u20134997 (2001)","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6215(95)00067-4","volume":"272","author":"AV Nikolaev","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nikolaev, A. V., Chudek, J. A. & Ferguson, M. A. J. The chemical synthesis of Leishmania donovani phosphoglycan via polycondensation of a glycobiosyl hydrogen phosphonate monomer. Carbohydr. Res. 272, 179\u2013189 (1995)","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.278","volume":"34","author":"R Beach","year":"1985","unstructured":"Beach, R., Kiilu, G. & Leeuwenburg, J. Modification of sandfly biting behaviour by Leishmania leads to increased parasite transmission. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 34, 278\u2013282 (1985)","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(63)90014-6","volume":"14","author":"M Hertig","year":"1963","unstructured":"Hertig, M. & McConnell, E. Experimental infection of Panamanian Phlebotomus sandflies with Leishmania. Exp. Parasitol. 14, 92\u2013106 (1963)","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1993.1050","volume":"76","author":"PA Bates","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bates, P. A. & Tetley, L. Leishmania mexicana: induction of metacyclogenesis by cultivation of promastigotes at acidic pH. Exp. Parasitol. 76, 412\u2013423 (1993)","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18283.x","volume":"217","author":"T Ilg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ilg, T., Harbecke, D., Wiese, M. & Overath, P. Monoclonal antibodies directed against Leishmania secreted acid phosphatase and lipophosphoglycan. Eur. J. Biochem. 217, 603\u2013615 (1993)","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"BFnature02675_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(90)90063-R","volume":"39","author":"PA Bates","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bates, P. A., Hermes, I. & Dwyer, D. M. Golgi-mediated post-translational processing of secretory acid phosphatase by Leishmania donovani promastigotes. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 39, 247\u2013256 (1990)","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature02675.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature02675","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature02675.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T14:24:41Z","timestamp":1684419881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature02675"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6998","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnature02675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature02675","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1020235.231496","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1020235.232453","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}}}