{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:35:48Z","timestamp":1791351348587,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7090","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]],"date-time":"2006-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nature04706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,10]],"date-time":"2006-05-10T17:32:52Z","timestamp":1147282372000},"page":"199-202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":595,"title":["Strained silicon as a new electro-optic material"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"441","author":[{"given":"Rune S.","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin N.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter I.","family":"Borel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Fage-Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars H.","family":"Frandsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei V.","family":"Lavrinenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaid","family":"Moulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Peucheret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Be\u00e1ta","family":"Zsigri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Bjarklev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFnature04706_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1109\/68.593358","volume":"9","author":"PD Trinh","year":"1997","unstructured":"Trinh, P. D., Yegnanarayanan, S., Coppinger, F. & Jalali, B. Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) phased-array wavelength multi\/demultiplexer with extremely low-polarization sensitivity. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 9, 940\u2013942 (1997)","journal-title":"IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR2","volume-title":"Silicon Photonics","author":"L Pavesi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pavesi, L. & Lockwood, D. J. Silicon Photonics (Springer, Berlin, 2004)"},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-7021(04)00678-9","volume":"8","author":"GT Reed","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reed, G. T. & Png, C. E. J. Silicon optical modulators. Mater. Today 8, 40\u201350 (2005)","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03346","volume":"433","author":"H Rong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rong, H. et al. A continuous-wave Raman silicon laser. Nature 433, 725\u2013727 (2005)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1104-96","volume":"291","author":"WW Gibbs","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gibbs, W. W. A split at the core. Sci. Am. 291, 96\u2013100 (2004)","journal-title":"Sci. Am."},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1201\/9781482274004","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Microfabrication","author":"MJ Madou","year":"2002","unstructured":"Madou, M. J. Fundamentals of Microfabrication 299\u2013301 (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2002)"},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2003.815654","volume":"21","author":"GL Li","year":"2003","unstructured":"Li, G. L. & Yu, P. K. L. Optical intensity modulators for digital and analog applications. J. Lightwave Technol. 21, 2010\u20132030 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139167994","volume-title":"The Elements of Nonlinear Optics 5","author":"PN Butcher","year":"1990","unstructured":"Butcher, P. N. & Cotter, D. The Elements of Nonlinear Optics 5 (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK, 1990)"},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1097","volume":"3","author":"M Soljacic","year":"2004","unstructured":"Soljacic, M. & Joannopoulos, J. D. Enhancement of nonlinear effects using photonic crystals. Nature Mater. 3, 211\u2013219 (2004)","journal-title":"Nature Mater."},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253902","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.87.253902","volume":"87","author":"M Notomi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Notomi, M. et al. Extremely large group-velocity dispersion of line-defect waveguides in photonic crystal slabs. Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 253902 (2001)","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/386143a0","volume":"386","author":"JD Joannopoulos","year":"1997","unstructured":"Joannopoulos, J. D., Villeneuve, P. R. & Fan, S. Photonic crystals: putting a new twist on light. Nature 386, 143\u2013149 (1997)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/383699a0","volume":"383","author":"TF Krauss","year":"1996","unstructured":"Krauss, T. F., De La Rue, R. M. & Brand, S. Two-dimensional photonic-bandgap structures operating at near-infrared wavelengths. Nature 383, 699\u2013702 (1996)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR13","volume-title":"Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light","author":"JD Joannopoulos","year":"1995","unstructured":"Joannopoulos, J. D., Meade, R. D. & Winn, J. N. Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1995)"},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7861","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.13.007861","volume":"13","author":"RS Jacobsen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jacobsen, R. S. et al. Direct experimental and numerical determination of extremely high group indices in photonic crystal waveguides. Opt. Express 13, 7861\u20137871 (2005)","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6606","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.12.006606","volume":"12","author":"N Hitoshi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hitoshi, N. et al. Ultra-fast photonic crystal\/quantum dot all-optical switch for future photonic networks. Opt. Express 12, 6606\u20136614 (2004)","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1109\/5.248958","volume":"81","author":"RA Soref","year":"1993","unstructured":"Soref, R. A. Silicon-based optoelectronics. Proc. IEEE 81, 1687\u20131706 (1993)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.16.001732","volume":"16","author":"RA Myers","year":"1991","unstructured":"Myers, R. A., Mukherhee, N. & Brueck, S. R. J. Large second-order nonlinearity in poled fused silica. Opt. Lett. 16, 1732\u20131734 (1991)","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.12.001622","volume":"12","author":"YA Vlasov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vlasov, Y. A. & McNab, S. J. Losses in single-mode silicon-on-insulator strip waveguides and bends. Opt. Express 12, 1622\u20131631 (2004)","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2002.806766","volume":"20","author":"J Kondo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kondo, J. et al. 40-Gb\/s X-cut LiNbO3 optical modulator with two-step back-slot structure. J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 2110\u20132114 (2002)","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2004.01.010","volume":"36","author":"WJ Liao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liao, W. J. et al. Proton-exchanged optical waveguides fabricated by glutaric acid. Opt. Laser Technol. 36, 603\u2013606 (2004)","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.26.001888","volume":"26","author":"KK Lee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lee, K. K., Lim, D. R., Kimerling, L. C., Shin, J. & Cerrina, F. Fabrication of ultralow-loss Si\/SiO2 waveguides by roughness reduction. Opt. Lett. 26, 1888\u20131890 (2001)","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.1987.1073206","volume":"QE-23","author":"RA Soref","year":"1987","unstructured":"Soref, R. A. & Bennett, B. R. Electrooptical effects in silicon. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-23, 123\u2013129 (1987)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Quant. Electron."},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02310","volume":"427","author":"A Liu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liu, A. et al. A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor. Nature 427, 615\u2013618 (2004)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.13.003129","volume":"13","author":"L Liao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liao, L. et al. High speed silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator. Opt. Express 13, 3129\u20133135 (2005)","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2004.834471","volume":"23","author":"W Bogaerts","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bogaerts, W. et al. Nanophotonic waveguides in silicon-on-insulator fabricated with CMOS technology. J. Lightwave Technol. 23, 401\u2013412 (2005)","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"BFnature04706_CR26","volume-title":"Electrical Interconnections through CMOS Wafers","author":"FE Rasmussen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rasmussen, F. E. Electrical Interconnections through CMOS Wafers. PhD. thesis, Tech. Univ. Denmark (2003); \n                    http:\/\/www.mic.dtu.dk\/upload\/institutter\/mic\/forskning\/mems\/report-31102003.pdf"}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature04706","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature04706.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/nature04706","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature04706.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T17:54:44Z","timestamp":1684432484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature04706"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7090","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnature04706"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature04706","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}}}