{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:47:31Z","timestamp":1791308851164,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7122","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]],"date-time":"2006-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nature05387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,13]],"date-time":"2006-12-13T13:35:55Z","timestamp":1166016955000},"page":"1092-1095","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":224,"title":["Botulinum neurotoxin B recognizes its protein receptor with high affinity and specificity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"444","author":[{"given":"Rongsheng","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Rummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Binz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel T.","family":"Brunger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnature05387_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.8.1059","volume":"285","author":"SS Arnon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arnon, S. S. et al. Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 285, 1059\u20131070 (2001)","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1038\/359832a0","volume":"359","author":"G Schiavo","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schiavo, G. et al. Tetanus and botulinum-B neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release by proteolytic cleavage of synaptobrevin. Nature 359, 832\u2013835 (1992)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80727-8","volume":"97","author":"YA Chen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen, Y. A., Scales, S. J., Patel, S. M., Doung, Y. C. & Scheller, R. H. SNARE complex formation is triggered by Ca2+ and drives membrane fusion. Cell 97, 165\u2013174 (1999)","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033583500003292","volume":"28","author":"C Montecucco","year":"1995","unstructured":"Montecucco, C. & Schiavo, G. Structure and function of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins. Q. Rev. Biophys. 28, 423\u2013472 (1995)","journal-title":"Q. Rev. Biophys."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.08.002","volume":"12","author":"C Montecucco","year":"2004","unstructured":"Montecucco, C., Rossetto, O. & Schiavo, G. Presynaptic receptor arrays for clostridial neurotoxins. Trends Microbiol. 12, 442\u2013446 (2004)","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30865","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M403945200","volume":"279","author":"A Rummel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rummel, A., Karnath, T., Henke, T., Bigalke, H. & Binz, T. Synaptotagmins I and II act as nerve cell receptors for botulinum neurotoxin G. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 30865\u201330870 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)01471-3","volume":"378","author":"T Nishiki","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nishiki, T. et al. The high-affinity binding of Clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin to synaptotagmin II associated with gangliosides GT1b\/GD1a. FEBS Lett. 378, 253\u2013257 (1996)","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123654","volume":"312","author":"M Dong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dong, M. et al. SV2 is the protein receptor for botulinum neurotoxin A. Science 312, 592\u2013596 (2006)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200305098","volume":"162","author":"M Dong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dong, M. et al. Synaptotagmins I and II mediate entry of botulinum neurotoxin B into cells. J. Cell Biol. 162, 1293\u20131303 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.02.074","volume":"580","author":"S Mahrhold","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mahrhold, S., Rummel, A., Bigalke, H., Davletov, B. & Binz, T. The synaptic vesicle protein 2C mediates the uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A into phrenic nerves. FEBS Lett. 580, 2011\u20132014 (2006)","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR11","unstructured":"Pang, Z. P. et al. Synaptotagmin-2 is essential for survival and contributes to Ca+2-triggering of neurotransmitter release in central and neuromuscular synapses. J. Neurosci. (in the press)."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444901013531","volume":"57","author":"S Eswaramoorthy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eswaramoorthy, S., Kumaran, D. & Swaminathan, S. Crystallographic evidence for doxorubicin binding to the receptor-binding site in Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin B. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 57, 1743\u20131746 (2001)","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/78005","volume":"7","author":"S Swaminathan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Swaminathan, S. & Eswaramoorthy, S. Structural analysis of the catalytic and binding sites of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin B. Nature Struct. Biol. 7, 693\u2013699 (2000)","journal-title":"Nature Struct. Biol."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03872.x","volume":"51","author":"A Rummel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rummel, A., Mahrhold, S., Bigalke, H. & Binz, T. The HCC-domain of botulinum neurotoxins A and B exhibits a singular ganglioside binding site displaying serotype specific carbohydrate interaction. Mol. Microbiol. 51, 631\u2013643 (2004)","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.02.123","volume":"330","author":"S Jayaraman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jayaraman, S., Eswaramoorthy, S., Ahmed, S. A., Smith, L. A. & Swaminathan, S. N-terminal helix reorients in recombinant C-fragment of Clostridium botulinum type B. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 330, 97\u2013103 (2005)","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1081\/RRS-120037896","volume":"24","author":"R Perozzo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Perozzo, R., Folkers, G. & Scapozza, L. Thermodynamics of protein\u2013ligand interactions: history, presence, and future aspects. J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. 24, 1\u201352 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1021\/cr960387h","volume":"97","author":"WE Stites","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stites, W. E. Protein\u2013protein interactions: interface structure, binding thermodynamics, and mutational analysis. Chem. Rev. 97, 1233\u20131250 (1997)","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00500299","volume":"311","author":"E Habermann","year":"1980","unstructured":"Habermann, E., Dreyer, F. & Bigalke, H. Tetanus toxin blocks the neuromuscular transmission in vitro like botulinum A toxin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 311, 33\u201340 (1980)","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7629","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R100052200","volume":"277","author":"TC S\u00fcdhof","year":"2002","unstructured":"S\u00fcdhof, T. C. Synaptotagmins: why so many? J. Biol. Chem. 277, 7629\u20137632 (2002)","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rummel, A. et al. Identification of the protein receptor binding site of botulinum neurotoxins B and G proves the double receptor concept. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA (in the press).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609713104"},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(86)90282-3","volume":"11","author":"C Montecucco","year":"1986","unstructured":"Montecucco, C. How do tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins bind to neuronal membranes? Trends Biochem. Sci. 11, 314\u2013317 (1986)","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1998.0214","volume":"25","author":"S Kozaki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kozaki, S., Kamata, Y., Watarai, S., Nishiki, T. & Mochida, S. Ganglioside GT1b as a complementary receptor component for Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins. Microb. Pathog. 25, 91\u201399 (1998)","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(02)01403-1","volume":"326","author":"A Rummel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rummel, A., Bade, S., Alves, J., Bigalke, H. & Binz, T. Two carbohydrate binding sites in the HCC-domain of tetanus neurotoxin are required for toxicity. J. Mol. Biol. 326, 835\u2013847 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb879","volume":"10","author":"LK Koriazova","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koriazova, L. K. & Montal, M. Translocation of botulinum neurotoxin light chain protease through the heavy chain channel. Nature Struct. Biol. 10, 13\u201318 (2003)","journal-title":"Nature Struct. Biol."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.6.1692","volume":"82","author":"DH Hoch","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hoch, D. H. et al. Channels formed by botulinum, tetanus, and diphtheria toxins in planar lipid bilayers: relevance to translocation of proteins across membranes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 82, 1692\u20131696 (1985)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W665","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh381","volume":"32","author":"TJ Dolinsky","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dolinsky, T. J., Nielsen, J. E., McCammon, J. A. & Baker, N. A. PDB2PQR: an automated pipeline for the setup of Poisson\u2013Boltzmann electrostatics calculations. Nucleic Acids Res. 32, W665\u2013W667 (2004)","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.20660","volume":"61","author":"H Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li, H., Robertson, A. D. & Jensen, J. H. Very fast empirical prediction and rationalization of protein pKa values. Proteins 61, 704\u2013721 (2005)","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444905001617","volume":"61","author":"AJ McCoy","year":"2005","unstructured":"McCoy, A. J., Grosse-Kunstleve, R. W., Storoni, L. C. & Read, R. J. Likelihood-enhanced fast translation functions. Acta Crystallogr. D 61, 458\u2013464 (2005)","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D"},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444904019158","volume":"60","author":"P Emsley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Emsley, P. & Cowtan, K. Coot: model-building tools for molecular graphics. Acta Crystallogr. D 60, 2126\u20132132 (2004)","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D"},{"key":"BFnature05387_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444998003254","volume":"54","author":"AT Brunger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brunger, A. T. et al. Crystallography & NMR system: A new software suite for macromolecular structure determination. Acta Crystallogr. D 54, 905\u2013921 (1998)","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D"}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature05387.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature05387","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature05387.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T14:00:53Z","timestamp":1684418453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature05387"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7122","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnature05387"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature05387","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1057705.509615","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1057705.518658","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}}}