{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T17:16:07Z","timestamp":1786641367380,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7252","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nature08082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,8]],"date-time":"2009-07-08T12:34:45Z","timestamp":1247056485000},"page":"237-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Type IIn supernovae at redshift z\u2009\u2248\u20092 from archival data"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"460","author":[{"given":"Jeff","family":"Cooke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Barton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Bullock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray G.","family":"Carlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avishay","family":"Gal-Yam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Tollerud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFnature08082_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2007.12424.x","volume":"382","author":"D Poznanski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Poznanski, D. et al. Supernovae in the Subaru deep field: an initial sample and type Ia rate out to redshift 1.6. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 382, 1169\u20131186 (2007)","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1086\/322348","volume":"560","author":"AG Riess","year":"2001","unstructured":"Riess, A. G. et al. The farthest known supernova: support for an accelerating Universe and a glimpse of the epoch of deceleration. Astrophys. J. 560, 49\u201371 (2001)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20078011","volume":"479","author":"MT Botticella","year":"2008","unstructured":"Botticella, M. T. et al. Supernova rates from the Southern inTermediate Redshift ESO Supernova Search (STRESS). Astron. Astrophys. 479, 49\u201368 (2008)","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1086\/504636","volume":"642","author":"M Della Valle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Della Valle, M. et al. Hypernova signatures in the late rebrightening of GRB 050525A. Astrophys. J. 642, 103\u2013106 (2006)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1086\/498009","volume":"636","author":"AM Soderberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Soderberg, A. M. et al. An HST study of the supernovae accompanying GRB 040924 and GRB 041006. Astrophys. J. 636, 391\u2013399 (2006)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR6","first-page":"269","volume":"244","author":"EM Schlegel","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schlegel, E. M. A new subclass of type II supernovae? Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 244, 269\u2013271 (1990)","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1086\/338318","volume":"123","author":"D Richardson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Richardson, D. et al. A comparative study of the absolute magnitude distributions of supernovae. Astron. J. 123, 745\u2013752 (2002)","journal-title":"Astron. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1086\/519949","volume":"666","author":"N Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smith, N. et al. SN 2006gy: discovery of the most luminous supernova ever recorded, powered by the death of an extremely massive star like \u03b7 Carinae. Astrophys. J. 666, 1116\u20131128 (2007)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1086\/591021","volume":"686","author":"N Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith, N. et al. SN 2006tf: precursor eruptions and the optically thick regime of extremely luminous type IIn supernovae. Astrophys. J. 686, 467\u2013484 (2008)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20065800","volume":"460","author":"R Kotak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kotak, R. & Vink, J. S. Luminous blue variables as the progenitors of supernovae with quasiperiodic radio modulations. Astron. Astrophys. 460, 5\u20138 (2006)","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1086\/510523","volume":"656","author":"A Gal-Yam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gal-Yam, A. et al. On the progenitor of SN 2005gl and the nature of type IIn supernovae. Astrophys. J. 656, 372\u2013381 (2007)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1086\/340295","volume":"572","author":"C Fransson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fransson, C. et al. Optical and ultraviolet spectroscopy of SN 1995N: evidence for strong circumstellar interaction. Astrophys. J. 572, 350\u2013370 (2002)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1086\/426495","volume":"622","author":"C Fransson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fransson, C. et al. Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based observations of SN 1993J and SN 1998S: CNO processing in the progenitors. Astrophys. J. 622, 991\u20131007 (2005)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1086\/526490","volume":"677","author":"J Cooke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cooke, J. Detecting z > 2 type IIn supernovae. Astrophys. J. 677, 137\u2013145 (2008)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR15","unstructured":"Brown, P. et al. Ultraviolet light curves of supernovae with Swift UVOT. Preprint at \u3008\n                    http:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/0803.1265\n                    \n                  \u3009 (2008)"},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR16","first-page":"345","volume":"350","author":"T Dahl\u00e9n","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dahl\u00e9n, T. & Fransson, C. Rates and redshift distributions of high-z supernovae. Astron. Astrophys. 350, 345\u2013367 (1999)","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1086\/145971","volume":"121","author":"EE Salpeter","year":"1955","unstructured":"Salpeter, E. E. The luminosity function and stellar evolution. Astrophys. J. 121, 161\u2013167 (1955)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1086\/525014","volume":"674","author":"PG van Dokkum","year":"2008","unstructured":"van Dokkum, P. G. Evidence of cosmic evolution of the stellar initial mass function. Astrophys. J. 674, 29\u201350 (2008)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1086\/587737","volume":"680","author":"R-R Chary","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chary, R.-R. The stellar initial mass function at the epoch of reionization. Astrophys. J. 680, 32\u201340 (2008)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2966.2008.12866.x","volume":"385","author":"R Dav\u00e9","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dav\u00e9, R. The galaxy stellar mass-star formation rate relation: evidence for an evolving initial mass function. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 385, 147\u2013160 (2008)","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1086\/375772","volume":"592","author":"CC Steidel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Steidel, C. C. et al. Lyman break galaxies at redshift z \u223c 3: survey description and full data set. Astrophys. J. 592, 728\u2013754 (2003)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1086\/381960","volume":"604","author":"CC Steidel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Steidel, C. C. et al. A survey of star-forming galaxies in the 1.4 < z 2.5 redshift desert: overview. Astrophys. J. 604, 534\u2013550 (2004)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1086\/427685","volume":"621","author":"J Cooke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cooke, J. et al. Survey for galaxies associated with z \u223c 3 damped Ly-\u03b1 systems. I. Spectroscopic calibration of u\u2032BVRI photometric selection. Astrophys. J. 621, 596\u2013614 (2005)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1117\/12.457547","volume":"4834","author":"O Le F\u00e8vre","year":"2003","unstructured":"Le F\u00e8vre, O. et al. Virmos-VLT deep survey (VVDS). Proc. SPIE 4834, 173\u2013182 (2003)","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1086\/505532","volume":"132","author":"JD Neill","year":"2006","unstructured":"Neill, J. D. et al. The type Ia supernova rate at z \u2248 0.5 from the supernova legacy survey. Astron. J. 132, 1126\u20131145 (2006)","journal-title":"Astron. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1117\/12.460346","volume":"4841","author":"SM Faber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Faber, S. M. et al. The DEIMOS spectrograph for the Keck II telescope: integration and testing. Proc. SPIE 4841, 1657\u20131669 (2003)","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1086\/133562","volume":"107","author":"JB Oke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Oke, J. B. et al. The Keck low-resolution imaging spectrometer. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacif. 107, 375\u2013385 (1995)","journal-title":"Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacif."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1117\/12.316831","volume":"3355","author":"JK McCarthy","year":"1998","unstructured":"McCarthy, J. K. et al. Blue channel of the Keck low-resolution imaging spectrometer. Proc. SPIE 3355, 81\u201391 (1998)","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L163","DOI":"10.1086\/378311","volume":"600","author":"AG Riess","year":"2004","unstructured":"Riess, A. G. et al. Identification of type Ia supernovae at redshift 1.3 and beyond with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope. Astrophys. J. 600, L163\u2013L166 (2004)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"BFnature08082_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1086\/373922","volume":"558","author":"AE Shapley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shapley, A. E. et al. Rest-frame ultraviolet spectra of z \u223c 3 Lyman break galaxies. Astrophys. J. 558, 65\u201389 (2003)","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature08082.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature08082","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature08082.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T18:25:05Z","timestamp":1684434305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature08082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7252","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnature08082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature08082","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}}}