{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:06:58Z","timestamp":1791256018137,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7487","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,18]],"date-time":"2013-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,18]],"date-time":"2013-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,13]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nature12869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,18]],"date-time":"2013-12-18T05:05:56Z","timestamp":1387343156000},"page":"245-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":221,"title":["RNA viruses can hijack vertebrate microRNAs to suppress innate immunity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"506","author":[{"given":"Derek W.","family":"Trobaugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina L.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengqun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Haddow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eryu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elik","family":"Chapnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Mildner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott C.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate D.","family":"Ryman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William B.","family":"Klimstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnature12869_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2537","volume":"14","author":"BR Cullen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cullen, B. R. MicroRNAs as mediators of viral evasion of the immune system. Nature Immunol. 14, 205\u2013210 (2013)","journal-title":"Nature Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002465","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002465","volume":"8","author":"AM Pham","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pham, A. M., Langlois, R. A. & tenOever, B. R. Replication in cells of hematopoietic origin is necessary for Dengue virus dissemination. PLoS Pathog. 8, e1002465 (2012)","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02655-12","volume":"87","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zheng, Z. et al. Human microRNA hsa-miR-296\u20135p suppresses enterovirus 71 replication by targeting the viral genome. J. Virol. 87, 5645\u20135656 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.002","volume":"136","author":"DP Bartel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bartel, D. P. MicroRNAs: target recognition and regulatory functions. Cell 136, 215\u2013233 (2009)","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1184404","volume":"18","author":"JG Doench","year":"2004","unstructured":"Doench, J. G. & Sharp, P. A. Specificity of microRNA target selection in translational repression. Genes Dev. 18, 504\u2013511 (2004)","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1215691","volume":"336","author":"S Djuranovic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Djuranovic, S., Nahvi, A. & Green, R. miRNA-mediated gene silencing by translational repression followed by mRNA deadenylation and decay. Science 336, 237\u2013240 (2012)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.05.014","volume":"27","author":"M Otsuka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Otsuka, M. et al. Hypersusceptibility to vesicular stomatitis virus infection in Dicer1-deficient mice is due to impaired miR24 and miR93 expression. Immunity 27, 123\u2013134 (2007)","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108784","volume":"308","author":"CH Lecellier","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lecellier, C. H. et al. A cellular microRNA mediates antiviral defense in human cells. Science 308, 557\u2013560 (2005)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1112263109","volume":"109","author":"T Shimakami","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shimakami, T. et al. Stabilization of hepatitis C virus RNA by an Ago2-miR-122 complex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 941\u2013946 (2012)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1113329","volume":"309","author":"CL Jopling","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jopling, C. L., Yi, M., Lancaster, A. M., Lemon, S. M. & Sarnow, P. Modulation of hepatitis C virus RNA abundance by a liver-specific microRNA. Science 309, 1577\u20131581 (2005)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR11","first-page":"1023","volume-title":"Fields Virology","author":"DE Griffin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Griffin, D. E. in Fields Virology (ed. Knipe, D. M. ) 1023\u20131068 (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006)"},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1213696","volume":"368","author":"PM Armstrong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Armstrong, P. M. & Andreadis, T. G. Eastern equine encephalitis virus\u2013old enemy, new threat. N. Engl. J. Med. 368, 1670\u20131673 (2013)","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10634","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01323-08","volume":"82","author":"CL Gardner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gardner, C. L. et al. Eastern and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses differ in their ability to infect dendritic cells and macrophages: impact of altered cell tropism on pathogenesis. J. Virol. 82, 10634\u201310646 (2008)","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16026","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110617108","volume":"108","author":"CL Gardner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gardner, C. L., Ebel, G. D., Ryman, K. D. & Klimstra, W. B. Heparan sulfate binding by natural eastern equine encephalitis viruses promotes neurovirulence. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 16026\u201316031 (2011)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1902.120039","volume":"19","author":"MA Silverman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Silverman, M. A. et al. Eastern equine encephalitis in children, Massachusetts and New Hampshire, USA, 1970\u20132010. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 19, 194\u2013201 (2013)","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.2.914-922.2000","volume":"74","author":"GH MacDonald","year":"2000","unstructured":"MacDonald, G. H. & Johnston, R. E. Role of dendritic cell targeting in Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus pathogenesis. J. Virol. 74, 914\u2013922 (2000)","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2003-5-1-r1","volume":"5","author":"AJ Enright","year":"2003","unstructured":"Enright, A. J. et al. MicroRNA targets in Drosophila . Genome Biol. 5, R1 (2003)","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2135","volume":"39","author":"M Kertesz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kertesz, M., Iovino, N., Unnerstall, U., Gaul, U. & Segal, E. The role of site accessibility in microRNA target recognition. Nature Genet. 39, 1278\u20131284 (2007)","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D130","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr1079","volume":"40","author":"KD Pruitt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pruitt, K. D., Tatusova, T., Brown, G. R. & Maglott, D. R. NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq): current status, new features and genome annotation policy. Nucleic Acids Res. 40, D130\u2013D135 (2012)","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-445999","volume":"121","author":"A Mildner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mildner, A. et al. Mononuclear phagocyte miRNome analysis identifies miR-142 as critical regulator of murine dendritic cell homeostasis. Blood 121, 1016\u20131027 (2013)","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00809-6","volume":"12","author":"M Lagos-Quintana","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lagos-Quintana, M. et al. Identification of tissue-specific microRNAs from mouse. Curr. Biol. 12, 735\u2013739 (2002)","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0546","volume":"276","author":"KA Bernard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bernard, K. A., Klimstra, W. B. & Johnston, R. E. Mutations in the E2 glycoprotein of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus confer heparan sulfate interaction, low morbidity, and rapid clearance from blood of mice. Virology 276, 93\u2013103 (2000)","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12117","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206039109","volume":"109","author":"RA Langlois","year":"2012","unstructured":"Langlois, R. A., Varble, A., Chua, M. A., Garc\u00eda-Sastre, A. & tenOever, B. R. Hematopoietic-specific targeting of influenza A virus reveals replication requirements for induction of antiviral immune responses. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 12117\u201312122 (2012)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60838-6","volume":"37","author":"TW Scott","year":"1989","unstructured":"Scott, T. W. & Weaver, S. C. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus: epidemiology and evolution of mosquito transmission. Adv. Virus Res. 37, 277\u2013328 (1989)","journal-title":"Adv. Virus Res."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01784-07","volume":"82","author":"MZ Tesfay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tesfay, M. Z. et al. Alpha\/beta interferon inhibits cap-dependent translation of viral but not cellular mRNA by a PKR-Independent mechanism. J. Virol. 82, 2620\u20132630 (2008)","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11555","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.21.11555-11562.2003","volume":"77","author":"MJ Bick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bick, M. J. et al. Expression of the zinc-finger antiviral protein inhibits alphavirus replication. J. Virol. 77, 11555\u201311562 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.1.1-8.2004","volume":"78","author":"M Anishchenko","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anishchenko, M. et al. Generation and characterization of closely related epizootic and enzootic infectious cDNA clones for studying interferon sensitivity and emergence mechanisms of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. J. Virol. 78, 1\u20138 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4920","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02514-07","volume":"82","author":"PV Aguilar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aguilar, P. V. et al. Structural and nonstructural protein genome regions of eastern equine encephalitis virus are determinants of interferon sensitivity and murine virulence. J. Virol. 82, 4920\u20134930 (2008)","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5598","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.10.5598-5606.2003","volume":"77","author":"JM Thomas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Thomas, J. M., Klimstra, W. B., Ryman, K. D. & Heidner, H. W. Sindbis virus vectors designed to express a foreign protein as a cleavable component of the viral structural polyprotein. J. Virol. 77, 5598\u20135606 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11344","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402905101","volume":"101","author":"AC Brault","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brault, A. C. et al. Venezuelan equine encephalitis emergence: enhanced vector infection from a single amino acid substitution in the envelope glycoprotein. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 11344\u201311349 (2004)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnature12869_CR31","unstructured":"Sun, C., Gardner, C. L., Watson, A. M., Ryman, K. D. & Klimstra, W. B. Stable, high-level expression of reporter proteins from improved alphavirus expression vectors to track replication and dissemination during encephalitic and arthritogenic disease. J. Virol. (http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.02990-13) (4 December 2013)"}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature12869.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature12869","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature12869.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T14:17:53Z","timestamp":1684419473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature12869"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,18]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7487","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,13]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnature12869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12869","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718213486.793492901","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718213486.793491177","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718213486.793492745","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718213486.793491074","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718213486.793501756","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}