{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:09:49Z","timestamp":1792156189177,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7685","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nature24633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,12]],"date-time":"2017-12-12T14:32:41Z","timestamp":1513089161000},"page":"362-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":519,"title":["Origin and differentiation of human memory CD8 T cells after vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"552","author":[{"given":"Rama S.","family":"Akondy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Fitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srilatha","family":"Edupuganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haydn T.","family":"Kissick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelvin W.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben A.","family":"Youngblood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossam A.","family":"Abdelsamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald J.","family":"McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen W.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Alexe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashi","family":"Nagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan M.","family":"McCausland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramila","family":"Tata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Nicholas","family":"Haining","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Juliana","family":"McElrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Greenleaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorg J.","family":"Goronzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Hellerstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafi","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnature24633_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5258.54","volume":"272","author":"R Ahmed","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ahmed, R. & Gray, D. Immunological memory and protective immunity: understanding their relation. Science 272, 54\u201360 (1996)","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/369648a0","volume":"369","author":"LL Lau","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lau, L. L., Jamieson, B. D., Somasundaram, T. & Ahmed, R. Cytotoxic T-cell memory without antigen. Nature 369, 648\u2013652 (1994)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.67.3.1538-1544.1993","volume":"67","author":"WE Demkowicz Jr","year":"1993","unstructured":"Demkowicz, W. E., Jr & Ennis, F. A. Vaccinia virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in humans. J. Virol. 67, 1538\u20131544 (1993)","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-5-1313","volume":"81","author":"R Nanan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nanan, R., Rauch, A., K\u00e4mpgen, E., Niewiesk, S. & Kreth, H. W. A novel sensitive approach for frequency analysis of measles virus-specific memory T-lymphocytes in healthy adults with a childhood history of natural measles. J. Gen. Virol. 81, 1313\u20131319 (2000)","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.12.025","volume":"327","author":"RJ De Boer","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Boer, R. J. & Perelson, A. S. Quantifying T lymphocyte turnover. J. Theor. Biol. 327, 45\u201387 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.11.002","volume":"29","author":"CD Surh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Surh, C. D. & Sprent, J. Homeostasis of naive and memory T cells. Immunity 29, 848\u2013862 (2008)","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.08.007","volume":"27","author":"SM Kaech","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kaech, S. M. & Wherry, E. J. Heterogeneity and cell-fate decisions in effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation during viral infection. Immunity 27, 393\u2013405 (2007)","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7919","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803903","volume":"183","author":"RS Akondy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Akondy, R. S. et al. The yellow fever virus vaccine induces a broad and polyfunctional human memory CD8+ T cell response. J. Immunol. 183, 7919\u20137930 (2009)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.420","volume":"2","author":"R Busch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Busch, R., Neese, R. A., Awada, M., Hayes, G. M. & Hellerstein, M. K. Measurement of cell proliferation by heavy water labeling. Nat. Protocols 2, 3045\u20133057 (2007)","journal-title":"Nat. Protocols"},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7907","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.12.7907","volume":"180","author":"K Ladell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ladell, K. et al. Central memory CD8+ T cells appear to have a shorter lifespan and reduced abundance as a function of HIV disease progression. J. Immunol. 180, 7907\u20137918 (2008)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004355","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004355","volume":"11","author":"R Ahmed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahmed, R. et al. Reconciling estimates of cell proliferation from stable isotope labeling experiments. PLOS Comput. Biol. 11, e1004355 (2015)","journal-title":"PLOS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200317533","volume":"112","author":"MK Hellerstein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hellerstein, M. K. et al. Subpopulations of long-lived and short-lived T cells in advanced HIV-1 infection. J. Clin. Invest. 112, 956\u2013966 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3436","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001421","volume":"185","author":"DK Choo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Choo, D. K., Murali-Krishna, K., Anita, R. & Ahmed, R. Homeostatic turnover of virus-specific memory CD8 T cells occurs stochastically and is independent of CD4 T cell help. J. Immunol. 185, 3436\u20133444 (2010)","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.11.037","volume":"17","author":"R Ahmed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmed, R. et al. Human stem cell-like memory T cells are maintained in a state of dynamic flux. Cell Reports 17, 2811\u20132818 (2016)","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI8647","volume":"105","author":"JM McCune","year":"2000","unstructured":"McCune, J. M. et al. Factors influencing T-cell turnover in HIV-1-seropositive patients. J. Clin. Invest. 105, R1\u2013R8 (2000)","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-03-488411","volume":"122","author":"L Westera","year":"2013","unstructured":"Westera, L. et al. Closing the gap between T-cell life span estimates from stable isotope-labeling studies in mice and humans. Blood 122, 2205\u20132212 (2013)","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.2037511","volume":"25","author":"AM Deaton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Deaton, A. M. & Bird, A. CpG islands and the regulation of transcription. Genes Dev. 25, 1010\u20131022 (2011)","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3198","volume":"16","author":"M Sellars","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sellars, M. et al. Regulation of DNA methylation dictates Cd4 expression during the development of helper and cytotoxic T cell lineages. Nat. Immunol. 16, 746\u2013754 (2015)","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282ra48","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa3700","volume":"7","author":"SA Fuertes Marraco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fuertes Marraco, S. A. et al. Long-lasting stem cell-like memory CD8+ T cells with a na\u00efve-like profile upon yellow fever vaccination. Sci. Transl. Med. 7, 282ra48 (2015)","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)01139-X","volume":"111","author":"SM Kaech","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kaech, S. M., Hemby, S., Kersh, E. & Ahmed, R. Molecular and functional profiling of memory CD8 T cell differentiation. Cell 111, 837\u2013851 (2002)","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.03.021","volume":"161","author":"G Cui","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cui, G. et al. IL-7-induced glycerol transport and TAG synthesis promotes memory CD8+ T cell longevity. Cell 161, 750\u2013761 (2015)","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2688","volume":"10","author":"JD Buenrostro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buenrostro, J. D., Giresi, P. G., Zaba, L. C., Chang, H. Y. & Greenleaf, W. J. Transposition of native chromatin for fast and sensitive epigenomic profiling of open chromatin, DNA-binding proteins and nucleosome position. Nat. Methods 10, 1213\u20131218 (2013)","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2446","volume":"17","author":"L Gattinoni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gattinoni, L. et al. A human memory T cell subset with stem cell-like properties. Nat. Med. 17, 1290\u20131297 (2011)","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2013.09.003","volume":"25","author":"NP Restifo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Restifo, N. P. & Gattinoni, L. Lineage relationship of effector and memory T cells. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 25, 556\u2013563 (2013)","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Youngblood, B. et al. Effector CD8 T cells dedifferentiate into long-lived memory cells. Nature \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature25144\n                    \n                   (2017)","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25144"},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.02.020","volume":"28","author":"JD Miller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Miller, J. D. et al. Human effector and memory CD8+ T cell responses to smallpox and yellow fever vaccines. Immunity 28, 710\u2013722 (2008)","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.08.021","volume":"37","author":"TA Doering","year":"2012","unstructured":"Doering, T. A. et al. Network analysis reveals centrally connected genes and pathways involved in CD8+ T cell exhaustion versus memory. Immunity 37, 1130\u20131144 (2012)","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.09.006","volume":"27","author":"EJ Wherry","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wherry, E. J. et al. Molecular signature of CD8+ T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection. Immunity 27, 670\u2013684 (2007)","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.06.014","volume":"33","author":"TC Wirth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wirth, T. C. et al. Repetitive antigen stimulation induces stepwise transcriptome diversification but preserves a core signature of memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. Immunity 33, 128\u2013140 (2010)","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071641","volume":"205","author":"S Sarkar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sarkar, S. et al. Functional and genomic profiling of effector CD8 T cell subsets with distinct memory fates. J. Exp. Med. 205, 625\u2013640 (2008)","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnature24633_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21.29.1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142727.mb2129s109","volume":"109","author":"JD Buenrostro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Buenrostro, J. D., Wu, B., Chang, H. Y. & Greenleaf, W. J. ATAC\u2013seq: a method for assaying chromatin accessibility genome-wide. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 109, 21.29.1\u201321.29.9 (2015)","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature24633.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature24633","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/nature24633","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature24633.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T14:08:21Z","timestamp":1684418901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature24633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7685","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnature24633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature24633","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.732292063.793540992","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 November 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 October 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}