{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:27:21Z","timestamp":1790386041378,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T11:01:04Z","timestamp":1537786864000},"page":"971-976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Conversion of staphylococcal pathogenicity islands to CRISPR-carrying antibacterial agents that cure infections in mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Geeta","family":"Ram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hope F","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P","family":"Novick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivelisse","family":"Rodriguez-Pagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dunrong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710217105","volume":"105","author":"AD Kennedy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kennedy, A.D. et al. Epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: recent clonal expansion and diversification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 1327\u20131332 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-5-200603070-00005","volume":"144","author":"MD King","year":"2006","unstructured":"King, M.D. et al. Emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA 300 clone as the predominant cause of skin and soft-tissue infections. Ann. Intern. Med. 144, 309\u2013317 (2006).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.028","volume":"39","author":"IM Gould","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gould, I.M. et al. New insights into meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pathogenesis, treatment and resistance. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 39, 96\u2013104 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00947.x","volume":"29","author":"JA Lindsay","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lindsay, J.A., Ruzin, A., Ross, H.F., Kurepina, N. & Novick, R.P. The gene for toxic shock toxin is carried by a family of mobile pathogenicity islands in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol. Microbiol. 29, 527\u2013543 (1998).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7520","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00738-07","volume":"189","author":"SM Tallent","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tallent, S.M., Langston, T.B., Moran, R.G. & Christie, G.E. Transducing particles of Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity island SaPI1 are comprised of helper phage-encoded proteins. J. Bacteriol. 189, 7520\u20137524 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09065","volume":"465","author":"MA Tormo-M\u00e1s","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tormo-M\u00e1s, M.A. et al. Moonlighting bacteriophage proteins derepress staphylococcal pathogenicity islands. Nature 465, 779\u2013782 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02488.x","volume":"41","author":"A Ruzin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ruzin, A., Lindsay, J. & Novick, R.P. Molecular genetics of SaPI1\u2014a mobile pathogenicity island in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol. Microbiol. 41, 365\u2013377 (2001).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060815-014607","volume":"85","author":"H Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, H., La Russa, M. & Qi, L.S. CRISPR\/Cas9 in genome editing and beyond. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 85, 227\u2013264 (2016).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.42.110807.091640","volume":"42","author":"RP Novick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Novick, R.P. & Geisinger, E. Quorum sensing in staphylococci. Annu. Rev. Genet. 42, 541\u2013564 (2008).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12055","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.26.12055","volume":"92","author":"G Ji","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ji, G., Beavis, R.C. & Novick, R.P. Cell density control of staphylococcal virulence mediated by an octapeptide pheromone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 12055\u201312059 (1995).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1164783","volume":"323","author":"J Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen, J. & Novick, R.P. Phage-mediated intergeneric transfer of toxin genes. Science 323, 139\u2013141 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.11.011","volume":"57","author":"J Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, J., Ram, G., Penad\u00e9s, J.R., Brown, S. & Novick, R.P. Pathogenicity island-directed transfer of unlinked chromosomal virulence genes. Mol. Cell 57, 138\u2013149 (2015).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16168","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404039101","volume":"101","author":"JS Wright III","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wright, J.S. III, Lyon, G.J., George, E.A., Muir, T.W. & Novick, R.P. Hydrophobic interactions drive ligand-receptor recognition for activation and inhibition of staphylococcal quorum sensing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 16168\u201316173 (2004).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.7.2636-2640.1992","volume":"60","author":"C Bunce","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bunce, C., Wheeler, L., Reed, G., Musser, J. & Barg, N. Murine model of cutaneous infection with gram-positive cocci. Infect. Immun. 60, 2636\u20132640 (1992).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00100-7","volume":"20","author":"E Brouillette","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brouillette, E. et al. DNA immunization against the clumping factor A (ClfA) of Staphylococcus aureus. Vaccine 20, 2348\u20132357 (2002).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2011.01324.x","volume":"63","author":"EM Ryan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ryan, E.M., Gorman, S.P., Donnelly, R.F. & Gilmore, B.F. Recent advances in bacteriophage therapy: how delivery routes, formulation, concentration and timing influence the success of phage therapy. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 63, 1253\u20131264 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3345","volume":"4","author":"V Winstel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Winstel, V. et al. Wall teichoic acid structure governs horizontal gene transfer between major bacterial pathogens. Nat. Commun. 4, 2345\u20132354 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.9.2862-2871.2004","volume":"186","author":"S O'Flaherty","year":"2004","unstructured":"O'Flaherty, S. et al. Genome of staphylococcal phage K: a new lineage of Myoviridae infecting gram-positive bacteria with a low G+C content. J. Bacteriol. 186, 2862\u20132871 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2315","volume":"8","author":"SJ Labrie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Labrie, S.J., Samson, J.E. & Moineau, S. Bacteriophage resistance mechanisms. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 8, 317\u2013327 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1218","volume":"96","author":"P Mayville","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mayville, P. et al. Structure-activity analysis of synthetic autoinducing thiolactone peptides from Staphylococcus aureus responsible for virulence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 1218\u20131223 (1999).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(72)90388-1","volume":"50","author":"J Weil","year":"1972","unstructured":"Weil, J., Cunningham, R., Martin, R. III, Mitchell, E. & Bolling, B. Characteristics of lambda p4, a lambda derivative containing 9 per cent excess DNA. Virology 50, 373\u2013380 (1972).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(83)80190-9","volume":"170","author":"AM Frischauf","year":"1983","unstructured":"Frischauf, A.M., Lehrach, H., Poustka, A. & Murray, N. Lambda replacement vectors carrying polylinker sequences. J. Mol. Biol. 170, 827\u2013842 (1983).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3011","volume":"32","author":"RJ Citorik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Citorik, R.J., Mimee, M. & Lu, T.K. Sequence-specific antimicrobials using efficiently delivered RNA-guided nucleases. Nat. Biotechnol. 32, 1141\u20131145 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3043","volume":"32","author":"D Bikard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bikard, D. et al. Exploiting CRISPR-Cas nucleases to produce sequence-specific antimicrobials. Nat. Biotechnol. 32, 1146\u20131150 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(91)04029-N","volume":"204","author":"RP Novick","year":"1991","unstructured":"Novick, R.P. Genetic systems in staphylococci. Methods Enzymol. 204, 587\u2013636 (1991).","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-15-3-575","volume":"15","author":"BA Stocker","year":"1956","unstructured":"Stocker, B.A. Abortive transduction of motility in Salmonella; a nonreplicated gene transmitted through many generations to a single descendant. J. Gen. Microbiol. 15, 575\u2013598 (1956).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/44.3.457","volume":"44","author":"H Ozeki","year":"1959","unstructured":"Ozeki, H. Chromosome fragments participating in transduction in Salmonella Typhimurium. Genetics 44, 457\u2013470 (1959).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"BFnbt4203_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(60)90066-0","volume":"11","author":"W Arber","year":"1960","unstructured":"Arber, W. Transduction of chromosomal genes and episomes in Escherichia coli. Virology 11, 273\u2013288 (1960).","journal-title":"Virology"}],"container-title":["Nature Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt.4203.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt.4203","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/nbt.4203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt.4203.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T21:23:19Z","timestamp":1747776199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt.4203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnbt4203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nbt.4203","relation":{},"ISSN":["1087-0156","1546-1696"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1087-0156","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-1696","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 December 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A patent application has been filed by New York University, with G.R., H.F.R. and R.P.N. as inventors, on the basis of results presented in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}