{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:33:16Z","timestamp":1774125196998,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,16]],"date-time":"2004-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1084665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Biotechnol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nbt973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,16]],"date-time":"2004-05-16T17:06:24Z","timestamp":1084727184000},"page":"717-723","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Chemical screening by mass spectrometry to identify inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Dal-Hee","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Jen","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Mrksich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnbt973_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(03)02809-5","volume":"8","author":"A Cacace","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cacace, A., Banks, M., Spicer, T., Civoli, F. & Watson, J. An ultra-HTS process for the identification of small molecule modulators of orphan G-protein-coupled receptors. Drug Discov. Today 8, 785\u2013792 (2003).","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(02)00323-X","volume":"6","author":"J Khandurina","year":"2002","unstructured":"Khandurina, J. & Guttman, A. Microchip-based high-throughput screening analysis of combinatorial libraries. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 6, 359\u2013366 (2002).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(99)80004-0","volume":"6","author":"BR Stockwell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stockwell, B.R., Haggarty, S.J. & Schreiber, S.L. High-throughput screening of small molecules in miniaturized mammalian cell-based assays involving post-translational modifications. Chem. Biol. 6, 71\u201383 (1999).","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.17.1.405","volume":"17","author":"M Shogren-Knaak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shogren-Knaak, M., Alaimo, P.J. & Shokat, K.M. Recent advances in chemical approaches to the study of biological systems. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 17, 405\u2013433 (2001).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/416653a","volume":"416","author":"FG Kuruvilla","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kuruvilla, F.G., Shamji, A.F., Sternson, S.M., Hergenrother, P.J. & Schreiber, S.L. Dissecting glucose signalling with diversity-oriented synthesis and small-molecule microarrays. Nature 416, 653\u2013657 (2002).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5473.2042","volume":"288","author":"Z Guo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Guo, Z., Zhou, D. & Schultz, P.G. Designing small-molecule switches for protein-protein interactions. Science 288, 2042\u20132045 (2000).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400769","volume":"8","author":"P Tawa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tawa, P., Tam, J., Cassady, R., Nicholson, D.W. & Xanthoudakis, S. Quantitative analysis of fluorescent caspase substrate cleavage in intact cells and identification of novel inhibitors of apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 8, 30\u201337 (2001).","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2697(02)00245-2","volume":"308","author":"A Fowler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fowler, A. et al. An evaluation of fluorescence polarization and lifetime discriminated polarization for high throughput screening of serine\/threonine kinases. Anal. Biochem. 308, 223\u2013231 (2002).","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/108705710000500204","volume":"5","author":"GJ Parker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Parker, G.J., Law, T.L., Lenoch, F.J. & Bolger, R.E. Development of high throughput screening assays using fluorescence polarization: nuclear receptor-ligand-binding and kinase\/phosphatase assays. J. Biomol. Screen. 5, 77\u201388 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Screen."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1997.2047","volume":"247","author":"LM Levine","year":"1997","unstructured":"Levine, L.M., Michener, M.L., Toth, M.V. & Holwerda, B.C. Measurement of specific protease activity utilizing fluorescence polarization. Anal. Biochem. 247, 83\u201388 (1997).","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14868","DOI":"10.1021\/ja027477q","volume":"124","author":"CM Salisbury","year":"2002","unstructured":"Salisbury, C.M., Maly, D.J. & Ellman, J.A. Peptide microarrays for the determination of protease substrate specificity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 14868\u201314870 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909093411107","volume":"341","author":"TC Dixon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dixon, T.C., Meselson, M., Guillemin, J. & Hanna, P.C. Anthrax. N. Engl. J. Med. 341, 815\u2013826 (1999).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.18.1735","volume":"281","author":"TV Inglesby","year":"1999","unstructured":"Inglesby, T.V. et al. Anthrax as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. Working group on civilian biodefense. JAMA 281, 1735\u20131745 (1999).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/385833a0","volume":"385","author":"C Petosa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Petosa, C., Collier, R.J., Klimpel, K.R., Leppla, S.H. & Liddington, R.C. Crystal structure of the anthrax toxin protective antigen. Nature 385, 833\u2013838 (1997).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/n35101999","volume":"414","author":"KA Bradley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bradley, K.A., Mogridge, J., Mourez, M., Collier, R.J. & Young, J.A. Identification of the cellular receptor for anthrax toxin. Nature 414, 225\u2013229 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.4.1860-1865.1999","volume":"67","author":"M Varughese","year":"1999","unstructured":"Varughese, M., Teixeira, A.V., Liu, S. & Leppla, S.H. Identification of a receptor-binding region within domain 4 of the protective antigen component of anthrax toxin. Infect. Immun. 67, 1860\u20131865 (1999).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/415396a","volume":"415","author":"CL Drum","year":"2002","unstructured":"Drum, C.L. et al. Structural basis for the activation of anthrax adenylyl cyclase exotoxin by calmodulin. Nature 415, 396\u2013402 (2002).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S1438-4221(00)80056-9","volume":"290","author":"R Pellizzari","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pellizzari, R., Guidi-Rontani, C., Vitale, G., Mock, M. & Montecucco, C. Lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis cleaves the N-terminus of MAPKKs: analysis of the intracellular consequences in macrophages. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 290, 421\u2013427 (2000).","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5364.734","volume":"280","author":"NS Duesbery","year":"1998","unstructured":"Duesbery, N.S. et al. Proteolytic inactivation of MAP-kinase-kinase by anthrax lethal factor. Science 280, 734\u2013737 (1998).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3520739","volume":"352","author":"G Vitale","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vitale, G., Bernardi, L., Napolitani, G., Mock, M. & Montecucco, C. Susceptibility of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase family members to proteolysis by anthrax lethal factor. Biochem. J. 352, 739\u2013745 (2000).","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/n35101998","volume":"414","author":"AD Pannifer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pannifer, A.D. et al. Crystal structure of the anthrax lethal factor. Nature 414, 229\u2013233 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/35102660","volume":"414","author":"AM Friedlander","year":"2001","unstructured":"Friedlander, A.M. Tackling anthrax. Nature 414, 160\u2013161 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/418386a","volume":"418","author":"F Tonello","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tonello, F., Seveso, M., Marin, O., Mock, M. & Montecucco, C. Screening inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor. Nature 418, 386 (2002).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0302-270","volume":"20","author":"BT Houseman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Houseman, B.T., Huh, J.H., Kron, S.J. & Mrksich, M. Peptide chips for the quantitative evaluation of protein kinase activity. Nat. Biotechnol. 20, 270\u2013274 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1021\/la0262304","volume":"19","author":"BT Houseman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Houseman, B.T., Gawalt, E.S. & Mrksich, M. Maleimide-functionalized self-assembled monolayers for the preparation of peptide and carbohydrate biochips. Langmuir 19, 1522\u20131531 (2003).","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6603","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.062171599","volume":"99","author":"RT Cummings","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cummings, R.T. et al. A peptide-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay for Bacillus anthracis lethal factor protease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 6603\u20136606 (2002).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1021\/ja970819l","volume":"120","author":"GB Sigal","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sigal, G.B., Mrksich, M. & Whitesides, G.M. Effect of surface wettability on the adsorption of proteins and detergents. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 3464\u20133473 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR28","first-page":"361","volume":"680","author":"M Mrksich","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mrksich, M. & Whitesides, G.M. Using self-assembled monolayers that present oligo(ethylene glycol) groups to control the interactions of proteins with surfaces. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. 680, 361\u2013373 (1997).","journal-title":"Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1021\/la971136m","volume":"14","author":"JL Trevor","year":"1998","unstructured":"Trevor, J.L., Lykke, K.R., Pellin, M.J. & Hanley, L. Two-laser mass spectrometry of thiolate, disulfide, and sulfide self-assembled monolayers. Langmuir 14, 1664\u20131673 (1998).","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4715","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200290026","volume":"41","author":"J Su","year":"2002","unstructured":"Su, J. & Mrksich, M. Using mass spectrometry to characterize self-assembled monolayers presenting peptides, proteins, and carbohydrates. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 41, 4715\u20134718 (2002).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052707699","volume":"99","author":"HM Koo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koo, H.M. et al. Apoptosis and melanogenesis in human melanoma cells induced by anthrax lethal factor inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 3052\u20133057 (2002).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","volume":"65","author":"T Mosmann","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mosmann, T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J. Immunol. Methods 65, 55\u201363 (1983).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/108705719900400206","volume":"4","author":"JH Zhang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhang, J.H., Chung, T.D. & Oldenburg, K.R. A simple statistical parameter for use in evaluation and validation of high throughput screening assays. J. Biomol. Screen. 4, 67\u201373 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Screen."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(02)00124-2","volume":"9","author":"BT Houseman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Houseman, B.T. & Mrksich, M. Carbohydrate arrays for the evaluation of protein binding and enzymatic modification. Chem. Biol. 9, 443\u2013454 (2002).","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"BFnbt973_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0006270","volume":"73","author":"FJ Moy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moy, F.J. et al. MS\/NMR: a structure-based approach for discovering protein ligands and for drug design by coupling size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anal. Chem. 73, 571\u2013581 (2001).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."}],"container-title":["Nature Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt973.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt973","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt973.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T19:58:08Z","timestamp":1684439888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt973"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,16]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnbt973"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nbt973","relation":{},"ISSN":["1087-0156","1546-1696"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1087-0156","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-1696","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,16]]}}}