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Fishes\u2019 abilities to retain particles that are smaller than the pore size of the gill-raker filter, including extraction of particles despite large holes in the filter, also remain unexplained. Here we show that unexplored combinations of engineering structures (backward-facing steps forming <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>-type ribs on the porous surface of a cone) cause fluid dynamic phenomena distinct from current biological and industrial filter operations. This vortical cross-step filtration model prevents clogging and explains the transport of tiny concentrated particles to the oesophagus using a hydrodynamic tongue. Mass transfer caused by vortices along <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>-type ribs in crossflow is applicable to filter-feeding duck beak lamellae and whale baleen plates, as well as the fluid mechanics of ventilation at fish gill filaments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]],"date-time":"2016-03-29T20:10:52Z","timestamp":1459282252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Fish mouths as engineering structures for vortical cross-step filtration"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"S. 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