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The mechanisms by which gut microbes interact with intestinal pathogens remain largely unknown. Here we identify a commensal <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> strain whose expansion predisposes mice to infection by <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>, a human pathogen. We refer to this strain as \u2018atypical\u2019 <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (at<jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic>) because of its inability to ferment lactose. The at<jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic> strain is resistant to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proliferates extensively in antibiotic-treated adult mice. <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> infection is more severe in neonatal mice transplanted with at<jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic> compared with those transplanted with a typical <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> strain. Intestinal ROS levels are decreased in at<jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic>-transplanted mice, favouring proliferation of ROS-sensitive <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>. An at<jats:italic>Ec<\/jats:italic> mutant defective in ROS degradation fails to facilitate <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> infection when transplanted, suggesting that host infection susceptibility can be regulated by a single gene product of one particular commensal species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,13]],"date-time":"2016-05-13T11:05:54Z","timestamp":1463137554000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A single gene of a commensal microbe affects host susceptibility to enteric infection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Mi Young","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Bae","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang-Mu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujin","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaeseul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Taek","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keehoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jongsik","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung-Yong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok-Hwan","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Insuk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Yeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Sun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms11606_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2004.08.012","volume":"156","author":"S Vesterlund","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vesterlund, S., Paltta, J., Karp, M. & Ouwehand, A. 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