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Little is known about the physiological cues that activate FALCs in the pleural cavity and more generally the mechanisms controlling B-cell activation in FALCs. Here we show, using separate models of pleural nematode infection with <jats:italic>Litomosoides sigmodontis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Altenaria alternata<\/jats:italic> induced acute lung inflammation, that inflammation of the pleural cavity rapidly activates mediastinal and pericardial FALCs. IL-33 produced by FALC stroma is crucial for pleural B1-cell activation and local IgM secretion. However, B1 cells are not the direct target of IL-33, which instead requires IL-5 for activation. Moreover, lung inflammation leads to increased IL-5 production by type 2 cytokine-producing innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in the FALC. These findings reveal a link between inflammation, IL-33 release by FALC stromal cells, ILC2 activation and pleural B-cell activation in FALCs, resulting in local and antigen-specific IgM production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T10:16:57Z","timestamp":1472725017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Fat-associated lymphoid clusters control local IgM secretion during pleural infection and lung inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Lucy H.","family":"Jackson-Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheelagh M.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marl\u00e8ne S.","family":"Magalhaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon M.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick M.","family":"Maizels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry J.","family":"McSorley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith E.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"B\u00e9n\u00e9zech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms12651_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2849","volume":"10","author":"MR Ehrenstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ehrenstein, M. 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