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Endothelial and smooth muscle cells participate in atherogenesis, but it is unclear whether other mesenchymal cells contribute to this process. Bone marrow (BM) nestin<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells cooperate with endothelial cells in directing monocyte egress to bloodstream in response to infections. However, it remains unknown whether nestin<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells regulate inflammatory cells in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Here, we show that nestin<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells direct inflammatory cell migration during chronic inflammation. In Apolipoprotein E (<jats:italic>ApoE<\/jats:italic>) knockout mice fed with high-fat diet, BM nestin<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells regulate the egress of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils. In the aorta, nestin<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> stromal cells increase \u223c30 times and contribute to the atheroma plaque. <jats:italic>Mcp1<\/jats:italic> deletion in nestin<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells\u2014but not in endothelial cells only\u2014 increases circulating inflammatory cells, but decreases their aortic infiltration, delaying atheroma plaque formation and aortic valve calcification. Therefore, nestin expression marks cells that regulate inflammatory cell migration during atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,2]],"date-time":"2016-09-02T09:03:03Z","timestamp":1472806983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Nestin+ cells direct inflammatory cell migration in atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Raquel","family":"del Toro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Ch\u00e8vre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sim\u00f3n","family":"M\u00e9ndez-Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms12706_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1990440","volume":"251","author":"MI Cybulsky","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cybulsky, M. 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