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LeuT, a prokaryotic NSS protein, constitutes a primary structural model for these transporters. Here we show that K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> inhibits Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-dependent binding of substrate to LeuT, promotes an outward-closed\/inward-facing conformation of the transporter and increases uptake. To assess K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-induced conformational dynamics we measured fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between fluorescein site-specifically attached to inserted cysteines and Ni<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> bound to engineered di-histidine motifs (transition metal ion FRET). The measurements supported K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-induced closure of the transporter to the outside, which was counteracted by Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and substrate. Promoting an outward-open conformation of LeuT by mutation abolished the K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-effect. The K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-effect depended on an intact Na1 site and mutating the Na2 site potentiated K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> binding by facilitating transition to the inward-facing state. The data reveal an unrecognized ability of K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> to regulate the LeuT transport cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,28]],"date-time":"2016-09-28T10:31:18Z","timestamp":1475058678000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Transition metal ion FRET uncovers K+ regulation of a neurotransmitter\/sodium symporter"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Christian B.","family":"Billesb\u00f8lle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas S.","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azmat","family":"Sohail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solveig G.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1339-7444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harald H.","family":"Sitte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0020-3807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrik","family":"Gether","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1773-1446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claus J.","family":"Loland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms12755_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/192172a0","volume":"192","author":"G Hertting","year":"1961","unstructured":"Hertting, G. & Axelrod, J. 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