{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T15:20:01Z","timestamp":1792336801990,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,19]],"date-time":"2011-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1303171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,19]],"date-time":"2011-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1303171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,19]],"date-time":"2011-04-19T05:07:09Z","timestamp":1303189629000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":254,"title":["Nano-engineered electron\u2013hole exchange interaction controls exciton dynamics in core\u2013shell semiconductor nanocrystals"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Brovelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.D.","family":"Schaller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.A.","family":"Crooker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Santamar\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Viswanatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.A.","family":"Hollingsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Htoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.I.","family":"Klimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR1","first-page":"439","volume":"25","author":"VP Kochereshkov","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kochereshkov, V. P., Mikhailov, G. V. & Ural\u2032tsev, I. N. Magnetic field reversal at polaritons. Sov. Phys. Solid State 25, 439\u2013444 (1983).","journal-title":"Sov. Phys. Solid State"},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.75.3728","volume":"75","author":"M Nirmal","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nirmal, M. et al. Observation of the dark exciton in CdSe quantum dots. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3728\u20133731 (1995).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16347","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.53.16347","volume":"53","author":"DJ Norris","year":"1996","unstructured":"Norris, D. J., Efros, A. L., Rosen, M. & Bawendi, M. G. Size dependence of exciton fine structure in CdSe quantum dots. Phys. Rev. B 53, 16347 (1996).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9869","DOI":"10.1063\/1.473875","volume":"106","author":"M Kuno","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kuno, M., Lee, J. K., Dabbousi, B. O., Mikulec, F. V. & Bawendi, M. G. The band edge luminescence of surface modified CdSe nanocrystallites: probing the luminescing state. J. Chem. Phys. 106, 9869\u20139882 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4843","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.54.4843","volume":"54","author":"AL Efros","year":"1996","unstructured":"Efros, A. L. et al. Band-edge exciton in quantum dots of semiconductors with a degenerate valence band: dark and bright exciton states. Phys. Rev. B 54, 4843\u20134856 (1996).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1570923","volume":"82","author":"SA Crooker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Crooker, S. A., Barrick, T., Hollingsworth, J. A. & Klimov, V. I. Multiple temperature regimes of radiative decay in CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots: intrinsic limits to the dark-exciton lifetime. Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2793\u20132795 (2003).","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"016601","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.016601","volume":"99","author":"GV Astakhov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Astakhov, G. V. et al. Exciton spin decay modified by strong electron-hole exchange interaction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 016601 (2007).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"046601","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.046601","volume":"105","author":"J He","year":"2010","unstructured":"He, J., Zhong, H. & Scholes, G. D. Electron-hole overlap dictates the hole spin relaxation rate in nanocrystal heterostructures. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 046601 (2010).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106401","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.106401","volume":"100","author":"S F\u00e4lt","year":"2008","unstructured":"F\u00e4lt, S. et al. Strong electron-hole exchange in coherently coupled quantum dots. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 106401 (2008).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11464","DOI":"10.1021\/jp900470m","volume":"113","author":"Y Nonoguchi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nonoguchi, Y., Nakashima, T. & Kawai, T. Low-temperature observation of photoinduced electron transfer from CdTe nanocrystals. J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 11464\u201311468 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3482","DOI":"10.1021\/nl901681d","volume":"9","author":"F Garc\u00eda-Santamar\u00eda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Santamar\u00eda, F. et al. Suppressed Auger recombination in 'giant' nanocrystals boosts optical gain performance. Nano Lett. 9, 3482\u20133488 (2009).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1021\/ar9700320","volume":"32","author":"M Nirmal","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nirmal, M. & Brus, L. Luminescence photophysics in semiconductor nanocrystals. Acc. Chem. Res. 32, 407\u2013414 (1999).","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"085320","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.74.085320","volume":"74","author":"C de Mello Doneg\u00e1","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Mello Doneg\u00e1, C., Bode, M. & Meijerink, A. Size- and temperature-dependence of exciton lifetimes in CdSe quantum dots. Phys. Rev. B 74, 085320 (2006).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"016803","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.94.016803","volume":"94","author":"N Le Thomas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Le Thomas, N., Herz, E., Sch\u00f6ps, O., Woggon, U. & Artemyev, M. V. Exciton fine structure in single CdSe nanorods. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 016803 (2005).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5026","DOI":"10.1021\/ja711379k","volume":"130","author":"Y Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. 'Giant' multishell CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots with suppressed blinking. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 5026\u20135027 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2222","volume":"7","author":"B Mahler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mahler, B. et al. Towards non-blinking colloidal quantum dots. Nat. Mater. 7, 659\u2013664 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136801","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.102.136801","volume":"102","author":"P Spinicelli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Spinicelli, P. et al. Bright and grey states in CdSe-CdS nanocrystals exhibiting strongly reduced blinking. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 136801 (2009).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1021\/nl1004652","volume":"10","author":"H Htoon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Htoon, H. et al. Highly emissive multiexcitons in steady-state photoluminescence of individual 'giant' CdSe\/CdS Core\/shell nanocrystals. Nano Lett. 10, 2401\u20132407 (2010).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197401","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.102.197401","volume":"102","author":"R Osovsky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Osovsky, R. et al. Continuous-wave pumping of multiexciton bands in the photoluminescence spectrum of a single CdTe-CdSe core-shell colloidal quantum dot. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 197401 (2009).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08072","volume":"459","author":"XY Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang, X. Y. et al. Non-blinking semiconductor nanocrystals. Nature 459, 686\u2013689 (2009).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3142","DOI":"10.1021\/nl101930z","volume":"10","author":"M Zavelani-Rossi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zavelani-Rossi, M., Lupo, M. G., Tassone, F., Manna, L. & Lanzani, G. Suppression of biexciton Auger recombination in CdSe\/CdS dot\/rods: role of the electronic structure in the carrier dynamics. Nano Lett. 10, 3142\u20133150 (2010).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1021\/nl0622404","volume":"7","author":"A Piryatinski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Piryatinski, A., Ivanov, S. A., Tretiak, S. & Klimov, V. I. Effect of quantum and dielectric confinement on the exciton-exciton interaction energy in type II core\/shell semiconductor nanocrystals. Nano Lett. 7, 108\u2013115 (2007).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257404","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.90.257404","volume":"90","author":"O Labeau","year":"2003","unstructured":"Labeau, O., Tamarat, P. & Lounis, B. Temperature dependence of the luminescence lifetime of single CdSe\/ZnS quantum dots. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 257404 (2003).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235318","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.78.235318","volume":"78","author":"FJP Wijnen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wijnen, F. J. P., Blokland, J. H., Chin, P. T. K., Christianen, P. C. M. & Maan, J. C. Competition between zero-phonon and phonon-assisted luminescence in colloidal CdSe quantum dots. Phys. Rev. B 78, 235318 (2008).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205309","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.63.205309","volume":"63","author":"E Johnston-Halperin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Johnston-Halperin, E. et al. Spin spectroscopy of dark excitons in CdSe quantum dots to 60 T. Phys. Rev. B 63, 205309 (2001).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11708","DOI":"10.1021\/ja068351m","volume":"129","author":"SA Ivanov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ivanov, S. A. et al. Type-II core\/shell CdS\/ZnSe nanocrystals: synthesis, electronic structures, and spectroscopic properties. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 11708\u201311719 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1021\/nl049146c","volume":"4","author":"LP Balet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Balet, L. P., Ivanov, S. A., Piryatinski, A., Achermann, M. & Klimov, V. I. Inverted core\/shell nanocrystals continuously tunable between type-I and type-II localization regimes. Nano Lett. 4, 1485\u20131488 (2004).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10625","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0483371","volume":"108","author":"SA Ivanov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ivanov, S. A. et al. Light amplification using inverted core\/shell nanocrystals: towards lasing in the single-exciton regime. J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 10625\u201310630 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9098577","volume":"132","author":"JB Sambur","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sambur, J. B. & Parkinson, B. A. CdSe\/ZnS core\/shell quantum dot sensitization of low index TiO2 single crystal surfaces. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 2130\u20132131 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15038","DOI":"10.1021\/ja106710m","volume":"132","author":"H Zhu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhu, H., Song, N. & Lian, T. Controlling charge separation and recombination rates in CdSe\/ZnS type I core\/shell quantum dots by shell thicknesses. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 15038\u201315045 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0557013","volume":"110","author":"O Sch\u00f6ps","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6ps, O., Le Thomas, N., Woggon, U. & Artemyev, M. V. Recombination dynamics of CdTe\/CdS core shell nanocrystals. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 2074\u20132079 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1021\/nn102980e","volume":"5","author":"B De Geyter","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Geyter, B. et al. The different nature of band edge absorption and emission in colloidal PbSe\/CdSe core\/shell quantum dots. ACS Nano 5, 58\u201366 (2010).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.49.1774","volume":"49","author":"R Romestain","year":"1994","unstructured":"Romestain, R. & Fishman, G. Excitonic wavefunction, correlation energy, exchange energy, and oscillator strenght in a cubic quantum-dot. Phys. Rev. B 49, 1774\u20131781 (1994).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4569","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.47.4569","volume":"47","author":"T Takagahara","year":"1993","unstructured":"Takagahara, T. Effects of dielectric confinement and electron-hole exchange interaction on excitonic states in semiconductor quantum dots. Phys. Rev. B 47, 4569 (1993).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1021\/nl103801e","volume":"11","author":"F Garc\u00eda-Santamar\u00eda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Santamar\u00eda, F. et al. Breakdown of volume scaling in Auger recombination in CdSe\/CdS heteronanocrystals: the role of the coreshell interface. Nano Lett. 11, 687\u2013693 (2011).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1021\/nl903592h","volume":"10","author":"GE Cragg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cragg, G. E. & Efros, A. L. Suppression of Auger processes in confined structures. Nano Lett. 10, 313\u2013317 (2010).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFncomms1281_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7448","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.46.7448","volume":"46","author":"AL Efros","year":"1992","unstructured":"Efros, A. L. Luminescence polarization of CdSe microcrystals. Phys. Rev. B 46, 7448 (1992).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncomms1281.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncomms1281","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncomms1281.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T19:53:37Z","timestamp":1672948417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncomms1281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,19]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["BFncomms1281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms1281","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 October 2010","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"280"}}