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Here, we show that the antifungal caspofungin improves the activity of fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin, delafloxacin) against\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilms grown\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    (96-well plates or catheters) and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    (murine model of implanted catheters). The degree of synergy among different clinical isolates is inversely proportional to the expression level of\n                    <jats:italic>ica<\/jats:italic>\n                    operon, the products of which synthesize poly-\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acetyl-glucosamine polymers, a major constituent of biofilm matrix.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro,<\/jats:italic>\n                    caspofungin inhibits the activity of IcaA, which shares homology with \u03b2-1-3-glucan synthase (caspofungin\u2019s pharmacological target in fungi). This inhibition destructures the matrix, reduces the concentration and polymerization of exopolysaccharides in biofilms, and increases fluoroquinolone penetration inside biofilms. Our study identifies a bacterial target for caspofungin and indicates that IcaA inhibitors could potentially be useful in the treatment of biofilm-related infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]],"date-time":"2016-11-03T05:39:53Z","timestamp":1478151593000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The antifungal caspofungin increases fluoroquinolone activity against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by inhibiting N-acetylglucosamine transferase"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Wafi","family":"Siala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So\u0148a","family":"Kuchar\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4890-0177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annabel","family":"Braem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jef","family":"Vleugels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7121-3623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul M","family":"Tulkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Paule","family":"Mingeot-Leclercq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1542-897X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Van Dijck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Van Bambeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms13286_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54881","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411374200","volume":"279","author":"C Vuong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vuong, C. et al. 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