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The <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic> embryonic nervous system, comprising 222 neurons and 56 glia, is attractive for comprehensive studies of development; however, embryonic reporters are broadly expressed, making single-neurite tracking\/manipulation challenging. We present a method, using an infrared laser, for reproducible heat-dependent gene expression in small sublineages (one to four cells) without radiation damage. We go beyond proof-of-principle, and use our system to label and track single neurons during early nervous-system assembly. We uncover a retrograde extension mechanism for axon growth, and reveal the aetiology of axon-guidance defects in <jats:italic>sax-3<\/jats:italic>\/Robo and <jats:italic>vab-1<\/jats:italic>\/EphR mutants. We also perform cell-specific rescues, determining DAF-6\/patched-related site of action during sensory-organ development. Simultaneous ablation and labelling of cells using our system reveals roles for glia in dendrite extension. Our method can be applied to other optically\/IR-transparent organisms, and opens the door to high-resolution systematic analyses of <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic> morphogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]],"date-time":"2017-01-18T11:23:42Z","timestamp":1484738622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Infrared laser-induced gene expression for tracking development and function of single C. elegans embryonic neurons"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Anupriya","family":"Singhal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shai","family":"Shaham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms14100_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(05)69010-2","volume":"69","author":"C Plachez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Plachez, C. & Richards, L. 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