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However its role in higher brain function and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that <jats:italic>Lrfn2<\/jats:italic> knockout mice exhibit autism-like behavioural abnormalities, including social withdrawal, decreased vocal communications, increased stereotyped activities and prepulse inhibition deficits, together with enhanced learning and memory. In the hippocampus, the levels of synaptic PSD-95 and GluA1 are decreased. The synapses are structurally and functionally immature with spindle shaped spines, smaller postsynaptic densities, reduced AMPA\/NMDA ratio, and enhanced LTP. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments reveal that synaptic surface expression of AMPAR depends on the direct interaction between Lrfn2 and PSD-95. Furthermore, we detect functionally defective <jats:italic>LRFN2<\/jats:italic> missense mutations in autism and schizophrenia patients. Together, these findings indicate that Lrfn2\/LRFN2 serve as core components of excitatory synapse maturation and maintenance, and their dysfunction causes immature\/silent synapses with pathophysiological state.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]],"date-time":"2017-06-12T09:54:22Z","timestamp":1497261262000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Autism-like behaviours and enhanced memory formation and synaptic plasticity in Lrfn2\/SALM1-deficient mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Naoko","family":"Morimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0527-4644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kei-ichi","family":"Katayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Hatayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko H.","family":"Tomioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Odagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Kamiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshimi","family":"Iwayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoko","family":"Maekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Matsuzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatsugu","family":"Tsujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeo","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Aruga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms15800_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a009886","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a009886","volume":"4","author":"HY Zoghbi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zoghbi, H. 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