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Outbreak strains share a unique mitochondrial gene expression profile and an increased ability to tubularize their mitochondria within host macrophages. However, the underlying mechanism that causes this lineage of <jats:italic>C. gattii<\/jats:italic> to be virulent in immunocompetent individuals remains unexplained. Here we show that a subpopulation of intracellular <jats:italic>C. gattii<\/jats:italic> adopts a tubular mitochondrial morphology in response to host reactive oxygen species. These fungal cells then facilitate the rapid growth of neighbouring <jats:italic>C. gattii<\/jats:italic> cells with non-tubular mitochondria, allowing for effective establishment of the pathogen within a macrophage intracellular niche. Thus, host reactive oxygen species, an essential component of the innate immune response, act as major signalling molecules to trigger a \u2018division of labour\u2019 in the intracellular fungal population, leading to increased pathogenesis within this outbreak lineage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,17]],"date-time":"2014-10-17T10:31:34Z","timestamp":1413541894000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["\u2018Division of labour\u2019 in response to host oxidative burst drives a fatal Cryptococcus gattii outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Voelz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon A.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Idnurm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin C.","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms6194_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222236","volume":"336","author":"GD Brown","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brown, G. 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