{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:23:57Z","timestamp":1780568637308,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]],"date-time":"2015-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]],"date-time":"2015-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]],"date-time":"2015-03-16T16:22:31Z","timestamp":1426522951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["IRF8 directs stress-induced autophagy in macrophages and promotes clearance of Listeria monocytogenes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Mi","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Ramakrishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis J.","family":"Goussetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonidas C.","family":"Platanias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huabao","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert C.","family":"Morse III","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Ozato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-102808-114910","volume":"43","author":"C He","year":"2009","unstructured":"He, C. & Klionsky, D. J. Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy. Annu. Rev. Genet. 43, 67\u201393 (2009) .","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005","volume":"27","author":"N Mizushima","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mizushima, N., Yoshimori, T. & Ohsumi, Y. The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 27, 107\u2013132 (2011) .","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2009.40","volume":"16","author":"MA Delgado","year":"2009","unstructured":"Delgado, M. A. & Deretic, V. Toll-like receptors in control of immunological autophagy. Cell Death Differ. 16, 976\u2013983 (2009) .","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09782","volume":"469","author":"B Levine","year":"2011","unstructured":"Levine, B., Mizushima, N. & Virgin, H. W. Autophagy in immunity and inflammation. Nature 469, 323\u2013335 (2011) .","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102041","volume":"189","author":"T Matsuzawa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Matsuzawa, T. et al. IFN-gamma elicits macrophage autophagy via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. J. Immunol. 189, 813\u2013818 (2012) .","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2013.05.003","volume":"16","author":"SB Bradfute","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bradfute, S. B. et al. Autophagy as an immune effector against tuberculosis. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 16, 355\u2013365 (2013) .","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1210500109","volume":"109","author":"EF Castillo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Castillo, E. F. et al. Autophagy protects against active tuberculosis by suppressing bacterial burden and inflammation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 3168\u20133176 (2012) .","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.09.014","volume":"37","author":"J Henault","year":"2012","unstructured":"Henault, J. et al. Noncanonical autophagy is required for type I interferon secretion in response to DNA-immune complexes. Immunity 37, 986\u2013997 (2012) .","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.12.006","volume":"32","author":"HK Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee, H. K. et al. In vivo requirement for Atg5 in antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Immunity 32, 227\u2013239 (2010) .","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26987","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.223610","volume":"286","author":"S Mostowy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mostowy, S. et al. p62 and NDP52 proteins target intracytosolic Shigella and Listeria to different autophagy pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 286, 26987\u201326995 (2011) .","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4527","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-392167","volume":"119","author":"A Jacquel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jacquel, A. et al. Autophagy is required for CSF-1-induced macrophagic differentiation and acquisition of phagocytic functions. Blood 119, 4527\u20134531 (2012) .","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-08-372383","volume":"119","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Morgan, M. J., Chen, K., Choksi, S. & Liu, Z. G. Induction of autophagy is essential for monocyte-macrophage differentiation. Blood 119, 2895\u20132905 (2012) .","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201009067","volume":"192","author":"E Itakura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Itakura, E. & Mizushima, N. p62 Targeting to the autophagosome formation site requires self-oligomerization but not LC3 binding. J. Cell Biol. 192, 17\u201327 (2011) .","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.10.035","volume":"131","author":"M Komatsu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Komatsu, M. et al. Homeostatic levels of p62 control cytoplasmic inclusion body formation in autophagy-deficient mice. Cell 131, 1149\u20131163 (2007) .","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3210","volume":"12","author":"JD MacMicking","year":"2012","unstructured":"MacMicking, J. D. Interferon-inducible effector mechanisms in cell-autonomous immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 12, 367\u2013382 (2012) .","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2718","volume":"15","author":"C Settembre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Settembre, C. et al. TFEB controls cellular lipid metabolism through a starvation-induced autoregulatory loop. Nat. Cell Biol. 15, 647\u2013658 (2013) .","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.11.004","volume":"6","author":"J Zhao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhao, J. et al. FoxO3 coordinately activates protein degradation by the autophagic\/lysosomal and proteasomal pathways in atrophying muscle cells. Cell Metab. 6, 472\u2013483 (2007) .","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.5.2573","volume":"174","author":"T Tamura","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tamura, T. et al. IFN regulatory factor-4 and -8 govern dendritic cell subset development and their functional diversity. J. Immunol. 174, 2573\u20132581 (2005) .","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090400","volume":"26","author":"T Tamura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tamura, T., Yanai, H., Savitsky, D. & Taniguchi, T. The IRF family transcription factors in immunity and oncogenesis. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 26, 535\u2013584 (2008) .","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201104","volume":"189","author":"TH Chang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chang, T. H., Xu, S., Tailor, P., Kanno, T. & Ozato, K. The small ubiquitin-like modifier-deconjugating enzyme sentrin-specific peptidase 1 switches IFN regulatory factor 8 from a repressor to an activator during macrophage activation. J. Immunol. 189, 3548\u20133556 (2012) .","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-06-437863","volume":"121","author":"D Kurotaki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kurotaki, D. et al. Essential role of the IRF8-KLF4 transcription factor cascade in murine monocyte differentiation. Blood 121, 1839\u20131849 (2013) .","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M707704200","volume":"283","author":"M Alter-Koltunoff","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alter-Koltunoff, M. et al. Innate immunity to intraphagosomal pathogens is mediated by interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF-8) that stimulates the expression of macrophage-specific Nramp1 through antagonizing repression by c-Myc. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 2724\u20132733 (2008) .","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.5.921","volume":"185","author":"T Fehr","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fehr, T. et al. Crucial role of interferon consensus sequence binding protein, but neither of interferon regulatory factor 1 nor of nitric oxide synthesis for protection against murine listeriosis. J. Exp. Med. 185, 921\u2013931 (1997) .","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1100066","volume":"365","author":"S Hambleton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hambleton, S. et al. IRF8 mutations and human dendritic-cell immunodeficiency. N. Engl. J. Med. 365, 127\u2013138 (2011) .","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.4.2467","volume":"179","author":"K Turcotte","year":"2007","unstructured":"Turcotte, K. et al. Icsbp1\/IRF-8 is required for innate and adaptive immune responses against intracellular pathogens. J. Immunol. 179, 2467\u20132476 (2007) .","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e62751","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062751","volume":"8","author":"A Rocca","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rocca, A. et al. Interferon regulatory factor 8-deficiency determines massive neutrophil recruitment but T cell defect in fast growing granulomas during tuberculosis. PLoS ONE 8, e62751 (2013) .","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002097","volume":"7","author":"JF Marquis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marquis, J. F. et al. Interferon regulatory factor 8 regulates pathways for antigen presentation in myeloid cells and during tuberculosis. PLoS Genet. 7, e1002097 (2011) .","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27384","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027384","volume":"6","author":"DM Shin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shin, D. M., Lee, C. H. & Morse, H. C. 3rd IRF8 governs expression of genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity in human and mouse germinal center B cells. PLoS ONE 6, e27384 (2011) .","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-07-100750","volume":"111","author":"P Tailor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tailor, P., Tamura, T., Morse, H. C. 3rd & Ozato, K. The BXH2 mutation in IRF8 differentially impairs dendritic cell subset development in the mouse. Blood 111, 1942\u20131945 (2008) .","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1040","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1215","volume":"41","author":"I Rusinova","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rusinova, I. et al. INTERFEROME v2.0: an updated database of annotated interferon-regulated genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 41, D1040\u2013D1046 (2013) .","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2013.05.009","volume":"394","author":"E Fujiwara","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fujiwara, E., Washi, Y. & Matsuzawa, T. Observation of autophagosome maturation in the interferon-gamma-primed and lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages using a tandem fluorescent tagged LC3. J. Immunol. Methods 394, 100\u2013106 (2013) .","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.009","volume":"39","author":"Y Qiao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Qiao, Y. et al. Synergistic activation of inflammatory cytokine genes by interferon-\u03b3-induced chromatin remodeling and Toll-like receptor signaling. Immunity 39, 454\u2013469 (2013) .","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-01-0080","volume":"106","author":"T Tamura","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tamura, T., Thotakura, P., Tanaka, T. S., Ko, M. S. & Ozato, K. Identification of target genes and a unique cis element regulated by IRF-8 in developing macrophages. Blood 106, 1938\u20131947 (2005) .","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.07011","volume":"33","author":"H Katayama","year":"2008","unstructured":"Katayama, H., Yamamoto, A., Mizushima, N., Yoshimori, T. & Miyawaki, A. GFP-like proteins stably accumulate in lysosomes. Cell Struct. Funct. 33, 1\u201312 (2008) .","journal-title":"Cell Struct. Funct."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3555","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-01-402578","volume":"120","author":"DJ Goussetis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Goussetis, D. J. et al. Autophagic degradation of the BCR-ABL oncoprotein and generation of antileukemic responses by arsenic trioxide. Blood 120, 3555\u20133562 (2012) .","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.19496","volume":"8","author":"DJ Klionsky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Klionsky, D. J. et al. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy 8, 445\u2013544 (2012) .","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.6.5.12112","volume":"6","author":"KE Eng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eng, K. E., Panas, M. D., Karlsson Hedestam, G. B. & McInerney, G. M. A novel quantitative flow cytometry-based assay for autophagy. Autophagy 6, 634\u2013641 (2010) .","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1038\/35022595","volume":"406","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tanaka, Y. et al. Accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and cardiomyopathy in LAMP-2-deficient mice. Nature 406, 902\u2013906 (2000) .","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2011.0006","volume":"31","author":"JY Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim, J. Y., Anderson, E. D., Huynh, W., Dey, A. & Ozato, K. Proteomic survey of ubiquitin-linked nuclear proteins in interferon-stimulated macrophages. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 31, 619\u2013628 (2011) .","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802755","volume":"182","author":"JY Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim, J. Y. & Ozato, K. The sequestosome 1\/p62 attenuates cytokine gene expression in activated macrophages by inhibiting IFN regulatory factor 8 and TNF receptor-associated factor 6\/NF-kappaB activity. J. Immunol. 182, 2131\u20132140 (2009) .","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1967","volume":"11","author":"Y Yoshikawa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yoshikawa, Y. et al. Listeria monocytogenes ActA-mediated escape from autophagic recognition. Nat. Cell Biol. 11, 1233\u20131240 (2009) .","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1413","volume":"4","author":"M Hamon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hamon, M., Bierne, H. & Cossart, P. Listeria monocytogenes: a multifaceted model. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 4, 423\u2013434 (2006) .","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1823","volume":"11","author":"LH Travassos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Travassos, L. H. et al. Nod1 and Nod2 direct autophagy by recruiting ATG16L1 to the plasma membrane at the site of bacterial entry. Nat. Immunol. 11, 55\u201362 (2010) .","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.5939","volume":"4","author":"E Shvets","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shvets, E., Fass, E. & Elazar, Z. Utilizing flow cytometry to monitor autophagy in living mammalian cells. Autophagy 4, 621\u2013628 (2008) .","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.3.14581","volume":"7","author":"M Ogawa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ogawa, M. et al. Autophagy targeting of Listeria monocytogenes and the bacterial countermeasure. Autophagy 7, 310\u2013314 (2011) .","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-47-3-211","volume":"47","author":"S Ohya","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ohya, S., Xiong, H., Tanabe, Y., Arakawa, M. & Mitsuyama, M. Killing mechanism of Listeria monocytogenes in activated macrophages as determined by an improved assay system. J. Med. Microbiol. 47, 211\u2013215 (1998) .","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFncomms7379_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.211","volume":"4","author":"W Huang da","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huang da, W., Sherman, B. T. & Lempicki, R. A. Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources. Nat. Protoc. 4, 44\u201357 (2009) .","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncomms7379.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncomms7379","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncomms7379.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T12:02:07Z","timestamp":1672920127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncomms7379"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,5]]}},"alternative-id":["BFncomms7379"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms7379","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 May 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6379"}}