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Here we show that the acquisition of a single gene encoding the protease Pla was sufficient for the most ancestral, deeply rooted strains of\n                    <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    to cause pneumonic plague, indicating that\n                    <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was primed to infect the lungs at a very early stage in its evolution. As\n                    <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    further evolved, modern strains acquired a single amino-acid modification within Pla that optimizes protease activity. While this modification is unnecessary to cause pneumonic plague, the substitution is instead needed to efficiently induce the invasive infection associated with bubonic plague. These findings indicate that\n                    <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was capable of causing pneumonic plague before it evolved to optimally cause invasive infections in mammals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,30]],"date-time":"2015-06-30T06:22:22Z","timestamp":1435645342000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Early emergence of Yersinia pestis as a severe respiratory pathogen"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Zimbler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay A.","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin L.","family":"Eddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wyndham W.","family":"Lathem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms8487_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.1.35","volume":"10","author":"RD Perry","year":"1997","unstructured":"Perry, R. 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