{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:19:47Z","timestamp":1791523187987,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]],"date-time":"2015-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437436800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]],"date-time":"2015-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Commun"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Effective annual influenza vaccination requires frequent changes in vaccine composition due to both antigenic shift for different subtype hemagglutinins (HAs) and antigenic drift in a particular HA. Here we present a broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody with an unusual binding modality. The antibody, designated CT149, was isolated from convalescent patients infected with pandemic H1N1 in 2009. CT149 is found to neutralize all tested group 2 and some group 1 influenza A viruses by inhibiting low pH-induced, HA-mediated membrane fusion. It promotes killing of infected cells by Fc-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. X-ray crystallographic data reveal that CT149 binds primarily to the fusion domain in HA2, and the light chain is also largely involved in binding. The epitope recognized by this antibody comprises amino-acid residues from two adjacent protomers of HA. This binding characteristic of CT149 will provide more information to support the design of more potent influenza vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]],"date-time":"2015-07-21T15:18:50Z","timestamp":1437491930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":148,"title":["A potent broad-spectrum protective human monoclonal antibody crosslinking two haemagglutinin monomers of influenza A virus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MyungSam","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Shore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manki","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JungAh","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Qiang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Bourgeois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Almli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Mei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxu","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kye Sook","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MinSeok","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Soo","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HyunJoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JiYoung","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SeoungSuh","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0632-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Feng","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George F.","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin Jae","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben O.","family":"Donis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2014.03.001","volume":"5","author":"J Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. H7N9: a low pathogenic avian influenza A virus infecting humans. Curr. Opin. Virol. 5, 91\u201397 (2014) .","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.51.1.407","volume":"51","author":"NJ Cox","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cox, N. J. & Subbarao, K. Global epidemiology of influenza: past and present. Annu. Rev. Med. 51, 407\u2013421 (2000) .","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1141","volume":"10","author":"P Palese","year":"2004","unstructured":"Palese, P. Influenza: old and new threats. Nat. Med. 10, S82\u2013S87 (2004) .","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1353\/bhm.2002.0022","volume":"76","author":"NP Johnson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Johnson, N. P. & Mueller, J. Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918-1920 \"Spanish\" influenza pandemic. Bull. Hist. Med. 76, 105\u2013115 (2002) .","journal-title":"Bull. Hist. Med."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70121-4","volume":"12","author":"FS Dawood","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dawood, F. S. et al. Estimated global mortality associated with the first 12 months of 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus circulation: a modelling study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 12, 687\u2013695 (2012) .","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9194","volume":"246","author":"TJ Blick","year":"1998","unstructured":"Blick, T. J. et al. The interaction of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin mutations in influenza virus in resistance to 4-guanidino-Neu5Ac2en. Virology 246, 95\u2013103 (1998) .","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1615-2","volume":"71","author":"A Loregian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Loregian, A., Mercorelli, B., Nannetti, G., Compagnin, C. & Palu, G. Antiviral strategies against influenza virus: towards new therapeutic approaches. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 71, 3659\u20133683 (2014) .","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2008.01250.x","volume":"13","author":"DS Hui","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hui, D. S. Influenza A\/H5N1 infection: other treatment options and issues. Respirology 13, S22\u2013S26 (2008) .","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2344","volume":"137","author":"DS Hui","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hui, D. S., Lee, N. & Chan, P. K. Clinical management of pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection. Chest 137, 916\u2013925 (2010) .","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181d44c1e","volume":"38","author":"TC Luke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Luke, T. C. et al. Hark back: passive immunotherapy for influenza and other serious infections. Crit. Care Med. 38, e66\u2013e73 (2010) .","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-8-200610170-00139","volume":"145","author":"TC Luke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Luke, T. C., Kilbane, E. M., Jackson, J. L. & Hoffman, S. L. Meta-analysis: convalescent blood products for Spanish influenza pneumonia: a future H5N1 treatment? Ann. Intern. Med. 145, 599\u2013609 (2006) .","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e178","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040178","volume":"4","author":"CP Simmons","year":"2007","unstructured":"Simmons, C. P. et al. Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of human monoclonal antibodies against H5N1 influenza. PLoS Med. 4, e178 (2007) .","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.5.2552-2558.1993","volume":"67","author":"Y Okuno","year":"1993","unstructured":"Okuno, Y., Isegawa, Y., Sasao, F. & Ueda, S. A common neutralizing epitope conserved between the hemagglutinins of influenza A virus H1 and H2 strains. J. Virol. 67, 2552\u20132558 (1993) .","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.1.517-520.1994","volume":"68","author":"Y Okuno","year":"1994","unstructured":"Okuno, Y., Matsumoto, K., Isegawa, Y. & Ueda, S. Protection against the mouse-adapted A\/FM\/1\/47 strain of influenza A virus in mice by a monoclonal antibody with cross-neutralizing activity among H1 and H2 strains. J. Virol. 68, 517\u2013520 (1994) .","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3942","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003942","volume":"3","author":"M Throsby","year":"2008","unstructured":"Throsby, M. et al. Heterosubtypic neutralizing monoclonal antibodies cross-protective against H5N1 and H1N1 recovered from human IgM+ memory B cells. PLoS ONE 3, e3942 (2008) .","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204839","volume":"333","author":"DC Ekiert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ekiert, D. C. et al. A highly conserved neutralizing epitope on group 2 influenza A viruses. Science 333, 843\u2013850 (2011) .","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222908","volume":"337","author":"C Dreyfus","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dreyfus, C. et al. Highly conserved protective epitopes on influenza B viruses. Science 337, 1343\u20131348 (2012) .","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1566","volume":"16","author":"J Sui","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sui, J. et al. Structural and functional bases for broad-spectrum neutralization of avian and human influenza A viruses. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 16, 265\u2013273 (2009) .","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1205669","volume":"333","author":"D Corti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Corti, D. et al. A neutralizing antibody selected from plasma cells that binds to group 1 and group 2 influenza A hemagglutinins. Science 333, 850\u2013856 (2011) .","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.06.004","volume":"14","author":"G Nakamura","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nakamura, G. et al. An in vivo human-plasmablast enrichment technique allows rapid identification of therapeutic influenza A antibodies. Cell Host Microbe 14, 93\u2013103 (2013) .","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(13)70221-2","volume":"1","author":"SH Wei","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wei, S. H. et al. Human infection with avian influenza A H6N1 virus: an epidemiological analysis. Lancet Respir. Med. 1, 771\u2013778 (2013) .","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-013-4496-y","volume":"56","author":"Y Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu, Y. & Gao, G. F. Lessons learnt from the human infections of avian-origin influenza A H7N9 virus: live free markets and human health. Sci. China Life Sci. 56, 493\u2013494 (2013) .","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-013-4525-x","volume":"56","author":"GF Gao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gao, G. F. & Wu, Y. Haunted with and hunting for viruses. Sci. China Life Sci. 56, 675\u2013677 (2013) .","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1966","volume":"15","author":"A Jin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jin, A. et al. A rapid and efficient single-cell manipulation method for screening antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells from human peripheral blood. Nat. Med. 15, 1088\u20131092 (2009) .","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171491","volume":"324","author":"DC Ekiert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ekiert, D. C. et al. Antibody recognition of a highly conserved influenza virus epitope. Science 324, 246\u2013251 (2009) .","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7083","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00178-14","volume":"88","author":"A Wyrzucki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wyrzucki, A. et al. Alternative recognition of the conserved stem epitope in influenza A virus hemagglutinin by a VH3-30-encoded heterosubtypic antibody. J. Virol. 88, 7083\u20137092 (2014) .","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1304459","volume":"368","author":"R Gao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gao, R. et al. Human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus. N. Engl. J. Med. 368, 1888\u20131897 (2013) .","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1242917","volume":"342","author":"Y Shi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shi, Y. et al. Structures and receptor binding of hemagglutinins from human-infecting H7N9 influenza viruses. Science 342, 243\u2013247 (2013) .","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12372","volume":"499","author":"X Xiong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiong, X. et al. Receptor binding by an H7N9 influenza virus from humans. Nature 499, 496\u2013499 (2013) .","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243761","volume":"342","author":"R Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu, R. et al. Preferential recognition of avian-like receptors in human influenza A H7N9 viruses. Science 342, 1230\u20131235 (2013) .","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12515","volume":"502","author":"TT Lam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lam, T. T. et al. The genesis and source of the H7N9 influenza viruses causing human infections in China. Nature 502, 241\u2013244 (2013) .","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12433","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01854-13","volume":"87","author":"H Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, H., Carney, P. J., Chang, J. C., Villanueva, J. M. & Stevens, J. Structural analysis of the hemagglutinin from the recent 2013 H7N9 influenza virus. J. Virol. 87, 12433\u201312446 (2013) .","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.01.010","volume":"22","author":"Y Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Wu, Y., Tefsen, B., Shi, Y. & Gao, G. F. Bat-derived influenza-like viruses H17N10 and H18N11. Trends Microbiol. 22, 183\u2013191 (2014) .","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7149","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02975-12","volume":"87","author":"C Dreyfus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dreyfus, C., Ekiert, D. C. & Wilson, I. A. Structure of a classical broadly neutralizing stem antibody in complex with a pandemic H2 influenza virus hemagglutinin. J. Virol. 87, 7149\u20137154 (2013) .","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.5.785","volume":"148","author":"G Hashimoto","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hashimoto, G., Wright, P. F. & Karzon, D. T. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against influenza virus-infected cells. J. Infect. Dis. 148, 785\u2013794 (1983) .","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13463","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05193-11","volume":"85","author":"M Terajima","year":"2011","unstructured":"Terajima, M. et al. Complement-dependent lysis of influenza a virus-infected cells by broadly cross-reactive human monoclonal antibodies. J. Virol. 85, 13463\u201313467 (2011) .","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5640","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-01-380121","volume":"119","author":"P Bruhns","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bruhns, P. Properties of mouse and human IgG receptors and their contribution to disease models. Blood 119, 5640\u20135649 (2012) .","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3443","volume":"20","author":"DJ DiLillo","year":"2014","unstructured":"DiLillo, D. J., Tan, G. S., Palese, P. & Ravetch, J. V. Broadly neutralizing hemagglutinin stalk-specific antibodies require FcgammaR interactions for protection against influenza virus in vivo. Nat. Med. 20, 143\u2013151 (2014) .","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.03.021","volume":"98","author":"NS Laursen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Laursen, N. S. & Wilson, I. A. Broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza viruses. Antiviral. Res. 98, 476\u2013483 (2013) .","journal-title":"Antiviral. Res."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01311008","volume":"114","author":"LE Brown","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brown, L. E., Murray, J. M., White, D. O. & Jackson, D. C. An analysis of the properties of monoclonal antibodies directed to epitopes on influenza virus hemagglutinin. Arch. Virol. 114, 1\u201326 (1990) .","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e103294","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103294","volume":"9","author":"SE Hufton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hufton, S. E. et al. The breadth of cross sub-type neutralisation activity of a single domain antibody to influenza hemagglutinin can be increased by antibody valency. PLoS ONE 9, e103294 (2014) .","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-64-8-1657","volume":"64","author":"RS Daniels","year":"1983","unstructured":"Daniels, R. S., Douglas, A. R., Skehel, J. J. & Wiley, D. C. Analyses of the antigenicity of influenza hemagglutinin at the pH optimum for virus-mediated membrane fusion. J. Gen. Virol. 64, 1657\u20131662 (1983) .","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(83)80015-4","volume":"126","author":"RG Webster","year":"1983","unstructured":"Webster, R. G., Brown, L. E. & Jackson, D. C. Changes in the antigenicity of the hemagglutinin molecule of H3 influenza virus at acidic pH. Virology 126, 587\u2013599 (1983) .","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.6.2714-2720.2000","volume":"74","author":"S Gunther-Ausborn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gunther-Ausborn, S., Schoen, P., Bartoldus, I., Wilschut, J. & Stegmann, T. Role of hemagglutinin surface density in the initial stages of influenza virus fusion: lack of evidence for cooperativity. J. Virol. 74, 2714\u20132720 (2000) .","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2013.07.007","volume":"3","author":"F Krammer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krammer, F. & Palese, P. Influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk-based antibodies and vaccines. Curr. Opin. Virol. 3, 521\u2013530 (2013) .","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR46","unstructured":"Chosewood, L. & Wilson, D. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) 5th edn. US Government Printing Office (2009) ."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR47","first-page":"Unit 7.14","volume":"Chapter 7","author":"NY Lycke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lycke, N. Y. & Coico, R. Measurement of immunoglobulin synthesis using the ELISPOT assay. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. Chapter 7, Unit 7.14 (2001) .","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Immunol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/btpr.1685","volume":"29","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee, H. J. et al. Application of a new human cell line, F2N78, in the transient and stable production of recombinant therapeutics. Biotechnol. Prog. 29, 432\u2013440 (2013) .","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Prog."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.4.937-943.1999","volume":"37","author":"T Rowe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rowe, T. et al. Detection of antibody to avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in human serum by using a combination of serologic assays. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37, 937\u2013943 (1999) .","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR50","unstructured":"WHO. Manual for the Laboratory Diagnosis and Virological Surveillance of Influenza 151, WHO Press (2011) ."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.2144\/00294st02","volume":"29","author":"JY Chung","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chung, J. Y., Kim, T. K. & Lee, G. M. Morphological selection of parental Chinese hamster ovary cell clones exhibiting high-level expression of recombinant protein. Biotechniques 29, 768\u2013770 (2000) .","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5831","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00273-13","volume":"87","author":"V Srivastava","year":"2013","unstructured":"Srivastava, V. et al. Identification of dominant antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity epitopes on the hemagglutinin antigen of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. J. Virol. 87, 5831\u20135840 (2013) .","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2014.03.021","volume":"407","author":"S Chung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chung, S. et al. Characterization of in vitro antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity of therapeutic antibodies - impact of effector cells. J. Immunol. Methods 407, 63\u201375 (2014) .","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(97)76066-X","volume":"276","author":"Z Otwinowski","year":"1997","unstructured":"Otwinowski, Z. & Minor, W. Processing of X-ray diffraction data collected in oscillation mode. Macromol. Crystallogr. Pt. A 276, 307\u2013326 (1997) .","journal-title":"Macromol. Crystallogr. Pt. A"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444901012471","volume":"57","author":"RJ Read","year":"2001","unstructured":"Read, R. J. Pushing the boundaries of molecular replacement with maximum likelihood. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 57, 1373\u20131382 (2001) .","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collaborative Computational Project, N. The CCP4 suite: programs for protein crystallography. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 50, 760\u2013763 (1994) .","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444994003112"},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444996012255","volume":"53","author":"GN Murshudov","year":"1997","unstructured":"Murshudov, G. N., Vagin, A. A. & Dodson, E. J. Refinement of macromolecular structures by the maximum-likelihood method. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 53, 240\u2013255 (1997) .","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444904019158","volume":"60","author":"P Emsley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Emsley, P. & Cowtan, K. Coot: model-building tools for molecular graphics. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 60, 2126\u20132132 (2004) .","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444909052925","volume":"66","author":"PD Adams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adams, P. D. et al. PHENIX: a comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular structure solution. Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 66, 213\u2013221 (2010) .","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"BFncomms8708_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889892009944","volume":"26","author":"RA Laskowski","year":"1993","unstructured":"Laskowski, R. A., Macarthur, M. W., Moss, D. S. & Thornton, J. M. Procheck - a program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 26, 283\u2013291 (1993) .","journal-title":"J. Appl. Crystallogr."}],"container-title":["Nature Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncomms8708.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncomms8708","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncomms8708.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T11:19:25Z","timestamp":1672917565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncomms8708"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]]}},"alternative-id":["BFncomms8708"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms8708","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-1723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-1723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 January 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7708"}}