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Here we show that aminoglycosides chemically related to neomycin\u2014paromomycin, ribostamycin and neamine\u2014each bind to sites within h44 and H69 to perturb bridge B2 and affect subunit rotation. Neomycin and paromomycin, which only differ by their ring-I 6\u2032-polar group, drive subunit rotation in opposite directions. This suggests that their distinct actions hinge on the 6\u2032-substituent and the drug\u2019s net positive charge. By solving the crystal structure of the paromomycin\u2013ribosome complex, we observe specific contacts between the apical tip of H69 and the 6\u2032-hydroxyl on paromomycin from within the drug\u2019s canonical h44-binding site. These results indicate that aminoglycoside actions must be framed in the context of bridge B2 and their regulation of subunit rotation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]],"date-time":"2015-07-30T06:14:07Z","timestamp":1438236847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Chemically related 4,5-linked aminoglycoside antibiotics drive subunit rotation in opposite directions"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Wasserman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arto","family":"Pulk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger B.","family":"Altman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Zinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith D.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Garneau-Tsodikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie H.","family":"Doudna Cate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott C.","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms8896_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2360","volume":"19","author":"L Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. 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