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Novel anti-TB vaccines are therefore urgently required. Here we show that aerosol immunization of macaques with the <jats:italic>Mtb<\/jats:italic> mutant in SigH (Mtb\u0394<jats:italic>sigH<\/jats:italic>) results in significant recruitment of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) as well as CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells expressing activation and proliferation markers to the lungs. Further, the findings indicate that pulmonary vaccination with Mtb\u0394<jats:italic>sigH<\/jats:italic> elicited strong central memory CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T-cell responses in the lung. Vaccination with Mtb\u0394<jats:italic>sigH<\/jats:italic> results in significant protection against a lethal TB challenge, as evidenced by an approximately three log reduction in bacterial burdens, significantly diminished clinical manifestations and granulomatous pathology and characterized by the presence of profound iBALT. This highly protective response is virtually absent in unvaccinated and BCG-vaccinated animals after challenge. These results suggest that future TB vaccine candidates can be developed on the basis of Mtb\u0394<jats:italic>sigH<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]],"date-time":"2015-10-13T15:20:42Z","timestamp":1444749642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":216,"title":["Mucosal vaccination with attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces strong central memory responses and protects against tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Deepak","family":"Kaushal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor W.","family":"Foreman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uma S.","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toidi","family":"Adekambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Rangel-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia A.","family":"Golden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Marie F.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie L.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad H.","family":"Ahsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasi E.","family":"Russell-Lodrigue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara A.","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad J.","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Didier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyothi","family":"Rengarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Lackner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabaana A.","family":"Khader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smriti","family":"Mehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFncomms9533_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70361-4","volume":"3","author":"A Zumla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zumla, A. et al. 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