{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:16:18Z","timestamp":1792458978331,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Endocrinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]],"date-time":"2007-02-22T10:51:40Z","timestamp":1172141500000},"page":"220-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Primary aldosteronism: current knowledge and controversies in Conn's syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Schirpenbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Reincke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1410279","volume":"141","author":"M Vantyghem","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vantyghem M et al. (1999) Aldosterone-producing adenoma without hypertension: a report of two cases. Eur J Endocrinol 141: 279\u2013285","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR2","first-page":"17","volume":"4","author":"S Benchetrit","year":"2002","unstructured":"Benchetrit S et al. (2002) Normokalemic hyperaldosteronism in patients with resistant hypertension. Isr Med Assoc J 4: 17\u201320","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR3","first-page":"394","volume":"90","author":"B Rayner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rayner B et al. (2000) The aldosterone\/renin ratio as a screening test for primary aldosteronism. S Afr Med J 90: 394\u2013400","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1996.tb00600.x","volume":"4","author":"M Brown","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brown M et al. (1996) Primary hyperaldosteronism: a missed diagnosis in 'essential hypertensives'? Aust N Z J Med 4: 533\u2013538","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR5","first-page":"A184","volume":"100","author":"M Reincke","year":"2003","unstructured":"Reincke M et al. (2003) Normokalemic primary aldosteronism [in German]. Dtsch \u00c4rztebl 100: A184\u2013A190","journal-title":"Dtsch \u00c4rztebl"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1460523","volume":"146","author":"G Bernini","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bernini G et al. (2002) Primary aldosteronism in normokalemic patients with adrenal incidentalomas. Eur J Endocrinol 146: 523\u2013529","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR7","first-page":"1863","volume":"85","author":"C Fardella","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fardella C et al. (2000) Primary aldosteronism in essential hypertensives: prevalence, biochemical profile, and molecular biology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 1863\u20131867","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)74868-6","volume":"353","author":"P Lim","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lim P et al. (1999) Potentially high prevalence of primary aldosteronism in a primary-care population. Lancet 353: 40","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01687.x","volume":"20","author":"R Gordon","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gordon R et al. (1993) Evidence that primary aldosteronism may not be uncommon\u2014twelve percent incidence among antihypertensive drug trial volunteers. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 20: 296\u2013298","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-34995","volume":"110","author":"L Seiler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Seiler L et al. (2002) Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in a university hypertension outpatient clinic: is it underdiagnosed? Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 110: S84","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001013","volume":"14","author":"P Lim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lim P et al. (2000) High prevalence of primary aldosteronism in the Tayside hypertension clinic population. J Hum Hypertens 14: 311\u2013315","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR12","first-page":"2854","volume":"85","author":"K Loh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Loh K et al. (2000) Prevalence of primary aldosteronism among Asian hypertensive patients in Singapore. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 2854\u20132859","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(02)02969-2","volume":"15","author":"E Rossi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rossi E et al. (2002) High prevalence of primary aldosteronism using postcaptopril plasma aldosterone to renin ratio as a screening test among Italian hypertensives. Am J Hypertens 15: 896\u2013902","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031337","volume":"89","author":"P Mulatero","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mulatero P et al. (2004) Increased diagnosis of primary aldosteronism including surgically correctable forms in centers from five continents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 1045\u20131050","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1500329","volume":"150","author":"L Seiler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Seiler L et al. (2004) Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: value of different screening parameters and influence of antihypertensive medication. Eur J Endocrinol 150: 329\u2013337","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001948","volume":"20","author":"J Williams","year":"2006","unstructured":"Williams J et al. (2006) Prevalence of primary aldosteronism in mild to moderate hypertension without hypokalaemia. J Hum Hypertens 20: 129\u2013136","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04223-9","volume":"357","author":"N Kaplan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kaplan N (2001) Cautions over the current epidemic of primary aldosteronism. Lancet 357: 953\u2013954","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-44-1-1","volume":"44","author":"J Conn","year":"1956","unstructured":"Conn J and Lawrence H (1956) Primary aldosteronism, a new clinical entity. Ann Intern Med 44: 1\u201315","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.27.5.1039","volume":"27","author":"GP Rossi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rossi GP et al. (1996) Changes in left ventricular anatomy and function in hypertension and primary aldosteronism. Hypertension 27: 1039\u20131045","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000079505.25750.11","volume":"42","author":"L Mosso","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mosso L et al. (2003) Primary aldosteronism and hypertensive disease. Hypertension 42: 161\u2013165","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200404000-00001","volume":"22","author":"P Mulatero","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mulatero P et al. (2004) Genetics of primary aldosteronism. J Hypertens 22: 663\u2013670","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1211954","volume":"106","author":"F Fallo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fallo F et al. (1998) Zona fasciculata-like histotype and aldosterone response to upright posture are not related in aldosterone-producing adenomas. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 106: 74\u201378","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/4.9.786","volume":"4","author":"R Fontes","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fontes R et al. (1991) Reassessment of the predictive value of the postural stimulation test in primary aldosteronism. Am J Hypertens 4: 786\u2013791","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/3.7.576","volume":"3","author":"I Irony","year":"1990","unstructured":"Irony I et al. (1990) Correctable subsets of primary aldosteronism. Primary adrenal hyperplasia and renin responsive adenoma. Am J Hypertens 3: 576\u2013582","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR25","first-page":"791","volume-title":"The Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes","author":"J Connell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Connell J and Fraser R (2002) Primary aldosteronism. In The Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 791\u2013799 (Eds Wass J and Shalet S) Oxford: Oxford University Press"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.007","volume":"16","author":"P Mulatero","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mulatero P et al. (2005) Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: from screening to subtype differentiation. Trends Endocrinol Metabol 16: 114\u2013119","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(94)00013-3","volume":"60","author":"R Gordon","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gordon R et al. (1995) Primary aldosteronism\u2014some genetic, morphological, and biochemical aspects of subtypes. Steroids 60: 35\u201341","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02499.x","volume":"21","author":"DM Ballantine","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ballantine DM et al. (1994) Renin gene polymorphism associated with aldosterone responsiveness to the renin\u2013angiotensin system in patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 21: 215\u2013218","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04414.x","volume":"970","author":"R Jackson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jackson R et al. (2002) New genetic insights in familial hyperaldosteronism. Ann N Y Acad Sci 970: 77\u201388","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR30","first-page":"679","volume":"256","author":"P Stewart","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stewart P (2000) Dexamethasone-suppressible hypertension. Lancet 256: 679\u2013699","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/355262a0","volume":"355","author":"R Lifton","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lifton R et al. (1992) A chimaeric 11\u03b2-hydroxylase\/aldosterone synthase gene causes glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism and human hypertension. Nature 355: 262\u2013265","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0379","volume":"89","author":"E Freel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Freel E et al. (2004) Studies on the origin of circulating 18-hydroxycortisol and 18-oxocortisol in normal human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 2628\u20132633","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.31.1.445","volume":"31","author":"W Litchfield","year":"1998","unstructured":"Litchfield W et al. (1998) Intracranial aneurysm and hemorrhagic stroke in glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism. Hypertension 31: 445\u2013450","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/01.crd.0000096417.42861.ce","volume":"12","author":"G McMahon","year":"2004","unstructured":"McMahon G and Dluhy R (2004) Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism. Cardiol Rev 12: 44\u201348","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(01)00097-8","volume":"78","author":"M Stowasser","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stowasser M and Gordon R (2001) Familial hyperaldosteronism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 78: 215\u2013229","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200018090-00002","volume":"18","author":"M Stowasser","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stowasser M and Gordon R (2000) Primary aldosteronism: learning from the study of familial varieties. J Hypertens 18: 1165\u20131176","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03348113","volume":"9","author":"G Wambach","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wambach G et al. (1986) Sodium loading raises urinary cortisol in man. J Endocrinol Invest 9: 257\u2013259","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1981.00340130033011","volume":"141","author":"K Hiramatsu","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hiramatsu K et al. (1981) A screening test to identify aldosterone-producing adenoma by measuring plasma renin activity. Arch Intern Med 141: 1589\u20131593","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-5-952","volume":"73","author":"T McKenna","year":"1991","unstructured":"McKenna T et al. (1991) Diagnosis under random conditions of all disorders of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, including primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73: 952\u2013957","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.041780","volume":"51","author":"G Schwartz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schwartz G and Turner S (2005) Screening for primary aldosteronism in essential hypertension: diagnostic accuracy of the ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity. Clin Chem 51: 386\u2013394","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000217857.20241.0f","volume":"24","author":"G Giacchetti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Giacchetti G et al. (2006) Analysis of screening and confirmatory tests in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: need for a standardized protocol. J Hypertens 24: 737\u2013745","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)62105-8","volume":"76","author":"V Montori","year":"2001","unstructured":"Montori V et al. (2001) Validity of the aldosterone-renin ratio used to screen for primary aldosteronism. Mayo Clin Proc 76: 877\u2013882","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01817.x","volume":"59","author":"P Padfield","year":"2003","unstructured":"Padfield P (2003) Prevalence and role of a raised aldosterone to renin ratio in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: a debate on the scientific logic of the use of the ratio in practice. Clin Endocrinol 59: 422\u2013426","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00041552-200303000-00005","volume":"12","author":"R Auchus","year":"2003","unstructured":"Auchus R (2003) Aldo is back: recent advances and unresolved controversies in hyperaldosteronism. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 12: 153\u2013158","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01613.x","volume":"57","author":"C Seifarth","year":"2002","unstructured":"Seifarth C et al. (2002) Influence of antihypertensive medication on aldosterone and renin concentration in the differential diagnosis of essential hypertension and primary aldosteronism. Clin Endocrinol 57: 457\u2013465","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(01)80117-7","volume":"37","author":"B Gallay","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gallay B et al. (2001) Screening for primary aldosteronism without discontinuing hypertensive medications: plasma aldosterone-renin ratio. Am J Kidney Dis 37: 699\u2013705","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200402000-00023","volume":"22","author":"P Ferrari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferrari P et al. (2004) Active renin versus plasma renin activity to define aldosterone-to-renin ratio for primary aldosteronism. J Hypertens 22: 377\u2013381","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-23491","volume":"110","author":"S Trenkel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Trenkel S et al. (2002) Ratio of serum aldosterone to plasma renin concentration in essential hypertension and primary aldosteronism. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 110: 80\u201385","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.033159","volume":"50","author":"F Perschel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Perschel F et al. (2004) Rapid screening test for primary hyperaldosteronism: ratio of plasma aldosterone to renin concentration determined by fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassays. Clin Chem 50: 1650\u20131655","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR50","first-page":"156","volume":"2","author":"M Stowasser","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stowasser M et al. (2001) Diagnosis and management of primary aldosteronism. JRAAS 2: 156\u2013169","journal-title":"JRAAS"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1971.00310210056004","volume":"128","author":"D Kem","year":"1971","unstructured":"Kem D et al. (1971) Saline suppression of plasma aldosterone in hypertension. Arch Intern Med 128: 380\u2013386","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0078","volume":"91","author":"P Mulatero","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mulatero P et al. (2006) Comparison of confirmatory tests for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrin Metab 91: 2618\u20132623","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrin Metab"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.068502","volume":"52","author":"C Schirpenbach","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schirpenbach C et al. (2006) Automated chemiluminescence immunoassay for aldosterone during dynamic testing: comparison to radioimmunoassays with and without extraction steps. Clin Chem 52: 1749\u20131755","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR54","volume-title":"Abstracts from the Annual Scientific Meeting of the High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia: 1999 December; Melbourne, Australia","author":"R Gordon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gordon R et al. (1999) A prospective evaluation of definite tests for primary aldosteronism. Abstracts from the Annual Scientific Meeting of the High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia: 1999 December; Melbourne, Australia. Melbourne: HBP Research Council of Australia&gt;"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02164","volume":"154","author":"C Schirpenbach","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schirpenbach C et al. (2006) Confirmatory testing in normokalaemic primary aldosteronism: the value of saline infusion test and urinary aldosterone metabolites. Eur J Endocrinol 154: 865\u2013873","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.6.1440","volume":"37","author":"M Agharazii","year":"2001","unstructured":"Agharazii M et al. (2001) Captopril suppression versus salt loading in confirming primary aldosteronism. Hypertension 37: 1440\u20131443","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04413.x","volume":"970","author":"W Young","year":"2002","unstructured":"Young W (2002) Primary aldosteronism. Ann N Y Acad Sci 970: 61\u201376","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR58","first-page":"92","volume":"26","author":"F Mantero","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mantero F et al. (2003) Does dynamic testing have a place in the modern assessment of endocrine hypertension? J Endocrinol Invest 26: 92\u201398","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(03)00858-6","volume":"16","author":"S Abdelhamid","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abdelhamid S et al. (2003) Urinary tetrahydroaldosterone as a screening method for primary aldosteronism: a comparative study. Am J Hypertens 16: 522\u2013530","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.6.5.717","volume":"6","author":"OB Holland","year":"1984","unstructured":"Holland OB et al. (1984) Further evaluation of saline infusion for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Hypertension 6: 717\u2013723","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR61","first-page":"3570","volume":"82","author":"W Litchfield","year":"1997","unstructured":"Litchfield W et al. (1997) Evaluation of the dexamethasone suppression test for the diagnosis of glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82: 3570\u20133573","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.3.1810843","volume":"181","author":"R Lingam","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lingam R et al. (2003) CT of primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome): the value of measuring the adrenal gland. AJR Am J Roentgenol 181: 843\u2013849","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR63","first-page":"747","volume-title":"The Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes","author":"P Guest","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guest P (2002) Adrenal imaging. In The Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 747\u2013756 (Eds Wass J and Shalet S) Oxford: Oxford University Press"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-004-2308-2","volume":"14","author":"R Lingam","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lingam R et al. (2004) Diagnostic performance of CT versus MR in detecting aldosterone-producing adenoma in primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome). Eur Radiol 14: 1787\u20131792","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2004.06.051","volume":"136","author":"W Young","year":"2004","unstructured":"Young W et al. (2004) Role for adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism. Surgery 136: 1227\u20131235","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.3.7287","volume":"86","author":"G Rossi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rossi G et al. (2001) Identification of the etiology of primary aldosteronism with adrenal vein sampling in patients with equivocal computed tomography and magnetic resonance findings: results in 104 consecutive cases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 1083\u20131090","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-3-386","volume":"90","author":"MH Weinberger","year":"1979","unstructured":"Weinberger MH et al. (1979) Primary aldosteronism. Diagnosis, localization, and treatment. Ann Intern Med 90: 386\u2013395","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.198.2.8596821","volume":"198","author":"J Doppman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Doppman J and Gill J (1996) Hyperaldosteronism: sampling the adrenal veins. Radiology 198: 309\u2013312","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1340308","volume":"134","author":"R Sheaves","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sheaves R et al. (1996) Relative value of computed tomography scanning and venous sampling in establishing the cause of primary aldosteronism. Eur J Endocrinol 134: 308\u2013313","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4526","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.12.7086","volume":"85","author":"J Phillips","year":"2000","unstructured":"Phillips J et al. (2000) Predictive value of preoperative tests in discriminating bilateral hyperplasia from an aldosterone-producing adenoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 4526\u20134533","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-003-7069-6","volume":"27","author":"M Wheeler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wheeler M and Harris D (2003) Diagnosis and management of primary aldosteronism. World J Surg 27: 627\u2013631","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200103000-00001","volume":"19","author":"P Lim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lim P et al. (2001) A review of the medical treatment of primary aldosteronism. J Hypertens 19: 353\u2013361","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","volume":"341","author":"B Pitt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pitt B et al. (1999) The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 341: 709\u2013717","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030207","volume":"348","author":"B Pitt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pitt B et al. (2003) Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 348: 1309\u20131321","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg339","volume":"18","author":"M Epstein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Epstein M (2003) Aldosterone receptor blockade and the role of eplerenone: evolving perspectives. Nephrol Dial Transplant 18: 1984\u20131992","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480507101015","volume":"71","author":"F Lumachi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lumachi F et al. (2005) Long-term results of adrenalectomy in patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas: multivariate analysis of factors affecting unresolved hypertension and review of the literature. Am Surg 71: 864\u2013869","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199608000-00003","volume":"224","author":"C Lo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lo C et al. (1996) Primary aldosteronism. Results of surgical treatment. Ann Surg 224: 125\u2013130","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-004-7496-z","volume":"29","author":"A Meyer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meyer A et al. (2005) Long-term follow-up after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronsim. World J Surg 29: 155\u2013159","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004263221705","volume":"322","author":"JP Luton","year":"1990","unstructured":"Luton JP et al. (1990) Clinical features of adrenocortical carcinoma, prognostic factors, and the effect of mitotane therapy. N Engl J Med 322: 1195\u20131201","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anonymous (1979) Idiopathic aldosteronism\u2014a diagnostic artifact? Lancet 2(8154): 1221\u20131222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)92338-9"},{"key":"BFncpendmet0430_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200405000-00001","volume":"22","author":"NM Kaplan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kaplan NM (2004) The current epidemic of primary aldosteronism: causes and consequences. J Hypertens 22: 863\u2013869","journal-title":"J Hypertens"}],"container-title":["Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncpendmet0430.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncpendmet0430","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/ncpendmet0430","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncpendmet0430.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T19:52:06Z","timestamp":1684439526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncpendmet0430"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}},"alternative-id":["BFncpendmet0430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncpendmet0430","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-8366","1745-8374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-8366","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-8374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}}}