{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:17:14Z","timestamp":1791778634075,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,4]],"date-time":"2007-01-04T20:58:08Z","timestamp":1167944288000},"page":"52-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Napoleon Bonaparte's gastric cancer: a clinicopathologic approach to staging, pathogenesis, and etiology"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Lugli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inti","family":"Zlobec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gad","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Kopp Lugli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi M","family":"Terracciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M","family":"Genta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR1","volume-title":"Les derniers moments de Napol\u00e9on, en compl\u00e9ment du m\u00e9morial de Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne [French]","author":"F Antommarchi","year":"1825","unstructured":"Antommarchi F (1825) Les derniers moments de Napol\u00e9on, en compl\u00e9ment du m\u00e9morial de Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne [French], edn 1. Bruxelles: H Tarlier"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR2","volume-title":"Around the poisoning of Napoleon (Autour de l'empoisonnement de Napol\u00e9on) [French]","author":"JF Lemaire","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lemaire JF et al. (2001) Around the poisoning of Napoleon (Autour de l'empoisonnement de Napol\u00e9on) [French]. Paris: Nouveau Monde Editions"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/jhmas\/53.3.201","volume":"53","author":"JT Hindmarsh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hindmarsh JT and Corso PF (1998) The death of Napoleon Bonaparte: a critical review of the cause. J Hist Med Allied Sci 53: 201\u2013218","journal-title":"J Hist Med Allied Sci"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(38)90653-1","volume":"40","author":"B Sokoloff","year":"1938","unstructured":"Sokoloff B (1938) Predisposition to cancer in the Bonaparte family. Am J Surg 40: 673\u2013678","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/192103a0","volume":"192","author":"S Forshufvud","year":"1961","unstructured":"Forshufvud S et al. (1961) Arsenic content of Napoleon I's hair probably taken immediately after his death. Nature 192: 103\u2013105","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199912000-00013","volume":"20","author":"B Weider","year":"1999","unstructured":"Weider B and Fournier JH (1999) Activation analyses of authenticated hairs of Napoleon Bonaparte confirm arsenic poisoning. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 20: 378\u2013382","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680409700812","volume":"97","author":"F Mari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mari F et al. (2004) Channelling the Emperor: what really killed Napoleon? J R Soc Med 97: 397\u2013399","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2005.02.001","volume":"36","author":"A Lugli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lugli A et al. (2005) Napoleon's autopsy: New perspectives. Hum Path 36: 320\u2013324","journal-title":"Hum Path"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR9","volume-title":"Napol\u00e9on en exil ou l'\u00e9cho de Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne [French]","author":"BE O'Meara","year":"1824","unstructured":"O'Meara BE (1824) Napol\u00e9on en exil ou l'\u00e9cho de Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne [French]. Bruxelles: Arnold Lacrosse"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR10","volume-title":"Journaux de Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne [French]","author":"JR Verling","year":"1998","unstructured":"Verling JR and Nicholls G (1998) Journaux de Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne [French]. Paris: Librairie Historique F. Teissedre"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR11","volume-title":"With Napoleon at St Helena, being the memoirs of Dr John Stokoe, naval surgeon","author":"P Fremeaux","year":"1902","unstructured":"Fremeaux P (1902) With Napoleon at St Helena, being the memoirs of Dr John Stokoe, naval surgeon. New York: John Lane"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5978.293","volume":"3","author":"JB Wilson","year":"1975","unstructured":"Wilson JB (1975) Dr Archibald Arnott: surgeon to the 20th Foot and physician to Napoleon. Br Med J 3: 293\u2013295","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR13","volume-title":"Le m\u00e9morial de Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne [French]","author":"E De Las Cases","year":"1935","unstructured":"De Las Cases E (1935) Le m\u00e9morial de Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne [French]. Argenteuil: Biblioth\u00e8que de la Pleiade"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR14","volume-title":"Cahiers de Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne [French]","author":"H Bertrand","year":"1951","unstructured":"Bertrand H (1951) Cahiers de Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne [French]. Paris: Editions Albin Michel"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR15","volume-title":"Journal de Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne 1815\u20131818 [French]","author":"GB Gourgaud","year":"1944","unstructured":"Gourgaud GB (1944) Journal de Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne 1815\u20131818 [French]. Paris: Flammarion"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR16","volume-title":"R\u00e9cits de la captivit\u00e9 de l'empereur Napol\u00e9on a Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne [French]","author":"MLG Montholon","year":"1847","unstructured":"Montholon MLG (1847) R\u00e9cits de la captivit\u00e9 de l'empereur Napol\u00e9on a Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne [French]. Paris: Paulin, Librairie-Editeur"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR17","volume-title":"M\u00e9moires de Marchand. Premier valet de chambre et \u00e9x\u00e9cuteur testamentaire de l'empereur Napol\u00e9on. Publi\u00e9s par Jean Bourguignon et le commandant Henri Lachouque (Ed. Napol\u00e9onienne, B) [French]","author":"L Marchand","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marchand L (2003) M\u00e9moires de Marchand. Premier valet de chambre et \u00e9x\u00e9cuteur testamentaire de l'empereur Napol\u00e9on. Publi\u00e9s par Jean Bourguignon et le commandant Henri Lachouque (Ed. Napol\u00e9onienne, B) [French]. Paris: Tallandier Editions"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR18","volume-title":"Souvenirs sur l'empereur Napol\u00e9on [French]","author":"LE Saint-Denis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Saint-Denis LE (2000) Souvenirs sur l'empereur Napol\u00e9on [French]. Paris: Arl\u00e9a"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR19","volume-title":"La petite fianc\u00e9e de Napol\u00e9on. Souvenirs de Betsy Balcombe [French]","author":"J Tulard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tulard J (2005) La petite fianc\u00e9e de Napol\u00e9on. Souvenirs de Betsy Balcombe [French]. Paris: Tallandier Editions"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR20","volume-title":"Nouvelle bibliographie critique des m\u00e9moires sur l'\u00e9poque napol\u00e9onienne \u00e9crits ou traduits en francais [French]","author":"J Tulard","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tulard J et al. (1991) Nouvelle bibliographie critique des m\u00e9moires sur l'\u00e9poque napol\u00e9onienne \u00e9crits ou traduits en francais [French]. Gen\u00e9ve: Librairie Droz SA"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR21","volume-title":"Dictionnaire Napol\u00e9on [French]","author":"J Tulard","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tulard J (1999) Dictionnaire Napol\u00e9on [French]. Paris: Librairie Arth\u00e8me Fayard"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR22","volume-title":"L'histoire de Napol\u00e9on par la peinture [French]","author":"J Tulard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tulard J et al. (2006) L'histoire de Napol\u00e9on par la peinture [French]. Paris: L'Archipel"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR23","first-page":"10","volume-title":"L'autopsie de Napol\u00e9on I. R\u00e9vue de l'Institut Napol\u00e9on [French]","author":"A Lugli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lugli A and Terracciano LM (2006) L'autopsie de Napol\u00e9on I. R\u00e9vue de l'Institut Napol\u00e9on [French]. Editions SPM 192: 10\u201326"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(03)00470-3","volume":"52","author":"JC Ng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ng JC et al. (2003) A global health problem caused by arsenic from natural sources. Chemosphere 52: 1353\u20131359","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR25","first-page":"41","volume":"36","author":"W Maresch","year":"1978","unstructured":"Maresch W (1978) Der pathologisch-anatomische Befund bei Arsenikvergiftungen [German]. Beitr Gerichtl Med 36: 41\u201345","journal-title":"Beitr Gerichtl Med"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-004-2536-y","volume":"379","author":"X Lin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lin X et al. (2004) Elemental contents in Napoleon's hair cut before and after his death: did Napoleon die of arsenic poisoning? Anal Bioanal Chem 379: 218\u2013220","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(01)00282-X","volume":"35","author":"JT Hindmarsh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hindmarsh JT (2002) Caveats in hair analysis in chronic arsenic poisoning. Clin Biochem 35: 1\u201311","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR28","volume-title":"L'honneur retrouv\u00e9 du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Montholon. De Napol\u00e9on I \u00e0 Napol\u00e9on III [French]","author":"J Mac\u00e9","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mac\u00e9 J (2000) L'honneur retrouv\u00e9 du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Montholon. De Napol\u00e9on I \u00e0 Napol\u00e9on III [French]. Paris: Editions Christian"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR29","volume-title":"Tumors of the esophagus and stomach. Atlas of Tumor Pathology, Third Series","author":"KJ Lewin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lewin KJ and Appelman HD (1996) Tumors of the esophagus and stomach. Atlas of Tumor Pathology, Third Series. (Ed AFIP) Washington DC: Fascicle 18"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR30","volume-title":"Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract","author":"SC Ming","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ming SC and Goldman H (1998) Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507063330107","volume":"333","author":"CS Fuchs","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fuchs CS and Mayer RJ (1995) Gastric carcinoma. N Engl J Med 333: 32\u201341","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199321850-00002","volume":"218","author":"H Wanebo","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wanebo H et al. (1993) Cancer of the stomach: a patient care study by the American College of Surgeons. Ann Surg 218: 583\u2013592","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02303836","volume":"5","author":"MS Karpeh Jr","year":"1998","unstructured":"Karpeh MS Jr and Brennan MF (1998) Gastric carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 5: 650\u2013656","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1051\/medsci\/2006224434","volume":"22","author":"R Jeandel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jeandel R and Bastien J (2006) Antonmarchi, last physician of Napoleon: requiem for a forger. Autopsy report published in 1825 is a plagiarism! [French] Med Sci (Paris) 22: 434\u2013436","journal-title":"Med Sci (Paris)"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR35","volume-title":"Pathology and genetics of tumours of the digestive system","author":"SR Hamilton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hamilton SR and Aaltonen LA (2000) Pathology and genetics of tumours of the digestive system. Lyon: IARC Press"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-002-0203-6","volume":"5","author":"DM Roder","year":"2002","unstructured":"Roder DM (2002) The epidemiology of gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 5 (Suppl 1): 5\u201311","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii31","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdg726","volume":"14","author":"SR Alberts","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alberts SR et al. (2003) Gastric cancer: epidemiology, pathology and treatment. Ann Oncol 14 (Suppl 2): ii31\u2013ii36","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj071","volume":"98","author":"CA Gonzalez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gonzalez CA et al. (2006) Meat intake and risk of stomach and esophageal adenocarcinoma within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). J Natl Cancer Inst 98: 345\u2013354","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"BFncpgasthep0684_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.6.743","volume":"48","author":"EM El-Omar","year":"2001","unstructured":"El-Omar EM (2001) The importance of interleukin 1\u03b2 in Helicobacter pylori associated disease. Gut 48: 743\u2013747","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncpgasthep0684.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncpgasthep0684","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncpgasthep0684.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T20:04:43Z","timestamp":1684440283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncpgasthep0684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BFncpgasthep0684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncpgasthep0684","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-4378","1743-4386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-4378","type":"print"},{"value":"1743-4386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}}}