{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:51:07Z","timestamp":1792792267896,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,24]],"date-time":"2006-05-24T04:59:11Z","timestamp":1148446751000},"page":"321-329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Prion infections, blood and transfusions"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Adriano","family":"Aguzzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Glatzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03989","volume":"437","author":"JR Silveira","year":"2005","unstructured":"Silveira JR et al. (2005) The most infectious prion protein particles. Nature 437: 257\u2013261","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200406000-00015","volume":"17","author":"A Aguzzi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aguzzi A and Miele G (2004) Recent advances in prion biology. Curr Opin Neurol 17: 337\u2013342","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/379339a0","volume":"379","author":"S Brandner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brandner S et al. (1996) Normal host prion protein necessary for scrapie-induced neurotoxicity. Nature 379: 339\u2013343","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083320","volume":"300","author":"S Mead","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mead S et al. (2003) Balancing selection at the prion protein gene consistent with prehistoric kurulike epidemics. Science 300: 640\u2013643","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02866081","volume":"57","author":"HG Creutzfeldt","year":"1920","unstructured":"Creutzfeldt HG (1920) \u00dcber eine eigenartige herdf\u00f6rmige Erkrankung des Zentralnervensystems. Z ges Neurol Psychiatr 57: 1\u201319","journal-title":"Z ges Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)01031-6","volume":"116","author":"A Aguzzi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aguzzi A and Polymenidou M (2004) Mammalian prion biology: one century of evolving concepts. Cell 116: 313\u2013327","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02870932","volume":"64","author":"A Jakob","year":"1921","unstructured":"Jakob A (1921) \u00dcber eigenartige Erkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems mit bemerkenswertem anatomischem Befunde. (Spastische Pseudosklerose-Encephalomyelopathie mit disseminierten Degenerationsherden). Z ges Neurol Psychiatr 64: 147\u2013228","journal-title":"Z ges Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.4.545","volume":"62","author":"M Glatzel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glatzel M et al. (2005) Human prion diseases: molecular and clinical aspects. Arch Neurol 62: 545\u2013552","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S1631-0691(02)01389-6","volume":"325","author":"AC Ghani","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ghani AC et al. (2002) The transmission dynamics of BSE and vCJD. CR Biol 325: 37\u201347","journal-title":"CR Biol"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/38925","volume":"389","author":"AF Hill","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hill AF et al. (1997) The same prion strain causes vCJD and BSE. Nature 389: 448\u2013450","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/39057","volume":"389","author":"ME Bruce","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bruce ME et al. (1997) Transmissions to mice indicate that 'new variant' CJD is caused by the BSE agent. Nature 389: 498\u2013501","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/383666a0","volume":"383","author":"A Aguzzi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Aguzzi A and Weissmann C (1996) Spongiform encephalopathies: a suspicious signature. Nature 383: 666\u2013667","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1038\/381734a0","volume":"381","author":"A Aguzzi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Aguzzi A (1996) Between cows and monkeys. Nature 381: 734","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12632-3","volume":"361","author":"NJ Andrews","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andrews NJ et al. (2003) Deaths from variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease in the UK. Lancet 361: 751\u2013752","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR15","unstructured":"The National Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit [ http:\/\/www.cjd.ed.ac.uk ]"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9584","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.11.9584-9588.1999","volume":"73","author":"R Frigg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Frigg R et al. (1999) Scrapie pathogenesis in subclinically infected B-cell-deficient mice. J Virol 73: 9584\u20139588","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1580","volume":"203","author":"DA Hilton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hilton DA et al. (2004) Prevalence of lymphoreticular prion protein accumulation in UK tissue samples. J Pathol 203: 733\u2013739","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16811-6","volume":"364","author":"AH Peden","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peden AH et al. (2004) Preclinical vCJD after blood transfusion in a PRNP codon 129 heterozygous patient. Lancet 364: 527\u2013529","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08138-0","volume":"353","author":"S Collins","year":"1999","unstructured":"Collins S et al. (1999) Surgical treatment and risk of sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease: a case\u2013control study. Lancet 353: 693\u2013697","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350504","volume":"35","author":"P Brown","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brown P et al. (1994) Human spongiform encephalopathy: the National Institutes of Health series of 300 cases of experimentally transmitted disease. Ann Neurol 35: 513\u2013529","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030351","volume":"349","author":"M Glatzel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Glatzel M et al. (2003) Extraneural pathologic prion protein in sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease. N Engl J Med 349: 1812\u20131820","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0302.970208","volume":"3","author":"MN Ricketts","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ricketts MN et al. (1997) Is Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease transmitted in blood? Emerg Infect Dis 3: 155\u2013163","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05411-3","volume":"358","author":"ME Bruce","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bruce ME et al. (2001) Detection of variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease infectivity in extraneural tissues. Lancet 358: 208\u2013209","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)24002-X","volume":"349","author":"AF Hill","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hill AF et al. (1997) Diagnosis of new variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease by tonsil biopsy. Lancet 349: 99","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15486-X","volume":"363","author":"CA Llewelyn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Llewelyn CA et al. (2004) Possible transmission of variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease by blood transfusion. Lancet 363: 417\u2013421","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR26","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency press statement: new case of variant CJD associated with blood transfusion [ http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/hpa\/news\/articles\/press_releases\/2006\/060209_cjd.htm ]"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(97)80091-8","volume":"7","author":"C Weissmann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Weissmann C and Aguzzi A (1997) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and early onset variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 7: 695\u2013700","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3065","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305777101","volume":"101","author":"C Casalone","year":"2004","unstructured":"Casalone C et al. (2004) Identification of a second bovine amyloidotic spongiform encephalopathy: molecular similarities with sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 3065\u20133070","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1106460","volume":"307","author":"M Heikenwalder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Heikenwalder M et al. (2005) Chronic lymphocytic inflammation specifies the organ tropism of prions. Science 307: 1107\u20131110","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.156.13.401","volume":"156","author":"GA Wells","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wells GA et al. (2005) Pathogenesis of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy: preclinical infectivity in tonsil and observations on the distribution of lingual tonsil in slaughtered cattle. Vet Rec 156: 401\u2013407","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1086\/431602","volume":"192","author":"A Buschmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buschmann A and Groschup MH (2005) Highly bovine spongiform encephalopathy-sensitive transgenic mice confirm the essential restriction of infectivity to the nervous system in clinically diseased cattle. J Infect Dis 192: 934\u2013942","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2003.11.007","volume":"76","author":"S Ryder","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ryder S et al. (2004) Demonstration of lateral transmission of scrapie between sheep kept under natural conditions using lymphoid tissue biopsy. Res Vet Sci 76: 211\u2013217","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1118829","volume":"310","author":"H Seeger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Seeger H et al. (2005) Coincident scrapie infection and nephritis lead to urinary prion excretion. Science 310: 324\u2013326","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02719-7","volume":"356","author":"F Houston","year":"2000","unstructured":"Houston F et al. (2000) Transmission of BSE by blood transfusion in sheep. Lancet 356: 999\u20131000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-11-2897","volume":"83","author":"N Hunter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hunter N et al. (2002) Transmission of prion diseases by blood transfusion. J Gen Virol 83: 2897\u20132905","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1998.38998408999.x","volume":"38","author":"P Brown","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brown P et al. (1998) The distribution of infectivity in blood components and plasma derivatives in experimental models of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Transfusion 38: 810\u2013816","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.9.4649-4650.2002","volume":"76","author":"K Holada","year":"2002","unstructured":"Holada K et al. (2002) Scrapie infectivity in hamster blood is not associated with platelets. J Virol 76: 4649\u20134650","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2003.08.004","volume":"32","author":"L Gregori","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gregori L et al. (2004) Partitioning of TSE infectivity during ethanol fractionation of human plasma. Biologicals 32: 1\u201310","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13938","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.25.13938","volume":"94","author":"SK DebBurman","year":"1997","unstructured":"DebBurman SK et al. (1997) Chaperone-supervised conversion of prion protein to its protease-resistant form. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 13938\u201313943","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/35044100","volume":"408","author":"MB Fischer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fischer MB et al. (2000) Binding of disease-associated prion protein to plasminogen. Nature 408: 479\u2013483","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70225-8","volume":"4","author":"M Polymenidou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Polymenidou M et al. (2005) Coexistence of multiple PrPSc types in individuals with Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease. Lancet Neurol 4: 805\u2013814","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3667","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.65.7.3667-3675.1991","volume":"65","author":"DC Bolton","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bolton DC et al. (1991) Molecular location of a species-specific epitope on the hamster scrapie agent protein. J Virol 65: 3667\u20133675","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/36337","volume":"390","author":"C Korth","year":"1997","unstructured":"Korth C et al. (1997) Prion (PrPSc)-specific epitope defined by a monoclonal antibody. Nature 390: 74\u201377","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1038\/35081095","volume":"411","author":"GP Saborio","year":"2001","unstructured":"Saborio GP et al. (2001) Sensitive detection of pathological prion protein by cyclic amplification of protein misfolding. Nature 411: 810\u2013813","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1286","volume":"11","author":"J Castilla","year":"2005","unstructured":"Castilla J et al. (2005) Detection of prions in blood. Nat Med 11: 982\u2013985","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/85515","volume":"7","author":"G Miele","year":"2001","unstructured":"Miele G et al. (2001) A novel erythroid-specific marker of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Nat Med 7: 361\u2013364","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/88971","volume":"7","author":"C Maury","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maury C (2001) Is EDRF a specific marker for TSEs? Nat Med 7: 641\u2013642","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16820-7","volume":"364","author":"K Wilson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wilson K and Ricketts MN (2004) Transfusion transmission of vCJD: a crisis avoided? Lancet 364: 477\u2013479","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2005.00640.x","volume":"45","author":"S Sowemimo-Coker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sowemimo-Coker S et al. (2005) Removal of exogenous (spiked) and endogenous prion infectivity from red cells with a new prototype of leukoreduction filter. Transfusion 45: 1839\u20131844","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"BFncpneuro0214_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030014","volume":"3","author":"G Schoch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schoch G et al. (2006) Analysis of prion strains by PrPSc profiling in sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease. PLoS Med 3: e14","journal-title":"PLoS Med"}],"container-title":["Nature Clinical Practice Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncpneuro0214.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncpneuro0214","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/ncpneuro0214","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncpneuro0214.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T20:26:30Z","timestamp":1684441590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncpneuro0214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["BFncpneuro0214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncpneuro0214","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-834X","1745-8358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-834X","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-8358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}