{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:05:57Z","timestamp":1792447557464,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]],"date-time":"2016-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]],"date-time":"2016-03-14T11:34:03Z","timestamp":1457955243000},"page":"510-518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":732,"title":["Analysis of five chronic inflammatory diseases identifies 27 new associations and highlights disease-specific patterns at shared loci"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"48","author":[{"name":"The International IBD Genetics Consortium (IIBDGC)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ellinghaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"International Genetics of Ankylosing Spondylitis Consortium (IGAS)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"International PSC Study Group (IPSCSG)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Genetic Analysis of Psoriasis Consortium (GAPC)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Psoriasis Association Genetics Extension (PAGE)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Jostins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-8364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah L","family":"Spain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rn","family":"Bethune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buhm","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Rang","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumya","family":"Raychaudhuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennie G","family":"Pouget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5956-3006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"H\u00fcbenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trine","family":"Folseraas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunpeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1982-6569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tonu","family":"Esko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Metspalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7038-567X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harm-Jan","family":"Westra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5159-8802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lude","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tune H","family":"Pers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinse K","family":"Weersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Collij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"D'Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0122-7234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Halfvarson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders Boeck","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Lieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Degenhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas J","family":"Forstner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Mrowietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D","family":"Juran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos N","family":"Lazaridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Brunak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders M","family":"Dale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard C","family":"Trembath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Weidinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Weichenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2914-3382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Ellinghaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James T","family":"Elder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan N W N","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4461-3568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ole A","family":"Andreassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dermot P","family":"McGovern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom H","family":"Karlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1152-370X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey C","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miles","family":"Parkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFng3528_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11582","volume":"491","author":"L Jostins","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jostins, L. et al. Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 491, 119\u2013124 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3502","volume":"14","author":"M Parkes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parkes, M., Cortes, A., van Heel, D.A. & Brown, M.A. Genetic insights into common pathways and complex relationships among immune-mediated diseases. Nat. Rev. Genet. 14, 661\u2013673 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.540","volume":"48","author":"DJ Najarian","year":"2003","unstructured":"Najarian, D.J. & Gottlieb, A.B. Connections between psoriasis and Crohn's disease. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 48, 805\u2013821, quiz 822\u2013824 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.046615","volume":"54","author":"EV Loftus Jr.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Loftus, E.V. Jr. et al. PSC-IBD: a unique form of inflammatory bowel disease associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gut 54, 91\u201396 (2005).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4022","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5022","volume":"5","author":"AB Jensen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jensen, A.B. et al. Temporal disease trajectories condensed from population-wide registry data covering 6.2 million patients. Nat. Commun. 5, 4022 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.03.015","volume":"90","author":"S Bhattacharjee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhattacharjee, S. et al. A subset-based approach improves power and interpretation for the combined analysis of genetic association studies of heterogeneous traits. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 90, 821\u2013835 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.582","volume":"42","author":"EA Stahl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stahl, E.A. et al. Genome-wide association study meta-analysis identifies seven new rheumatoid arthritis risk loci. Nat. Genet. 42, 508\u2013514 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1022","volume":"58","author":"SF Grant","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grant, S.F. et al. Follow-up analysis of genome-wide association data identifies novel loci for type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 58, 290\u2013295 (2009).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6616","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu363","volume":"23","author":"Z Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, Z. et al. Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33. Hum. Mol. Genet. 23, 6616\u20136633 (2014).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9362","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903103106","volume":"106","author":"LA Hindorff","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hindorff, L.A. et al. Potential etiologic and functional implications of genome-wide association loci for human diseases and traits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 9362\u20139367 (2009).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002197","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002197","volume":"7","author":"RS Fehrmann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fehrmann, R.S. et al. Trans-eQTLs reveal that independent genetic variants associated with a complex phenotype converge on intermediate genes, with a major role for the HLA. PLoS Genet. 7, e1002197 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5472","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005472","volume":"4","author":"M Nelis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nelis, M. et al. Genetic structure of Europeans: a view from the North-East. PLoS One 4, e5472 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.05.016","volume":"97","author":"G Trynka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trynka, G. et al. Disentangling the effects of colocalizing genomic annotations to functionally prioritize non-coding variants within complex-trait loci. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 97, 139\u2013152 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR14","unstructured":"Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium. Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes. Nature 518, 317\u2013330 (2015)."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FANTOM Consortium and the RIKEN PMI and CLST (DGT). A promoter-level mammalian expression atlas. Nature 507, 462\u2013470 (2014).","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13182"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09906","volume":"473","author":"J Ernst","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ernst, J. et al. Mapping and analysis of chromatin state dynamics in nine human cell types. Nature 473, 43\u201349 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5890","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6890","volume":"6","author":"TH Pers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pers, T.H. et al. Biological interpretation of genome-wide association studies using predicted gene functions. Nat. Commun. 6, 5890 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3173","volume":"47","author":"RS Fehrmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fehrmann, R.S. et al. Gene expression analysis identifies global gene dosage sensitivity in cancer. Nat. Genet. 47, 115\u2013125 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D712","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq1156","volume":"39","author":"A Kamburov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kamburov, A. et al. ConsensusPathDB: toward a more complete picture of cell biology. Nucleic Acids Res. 39, D712\u2013D717 (2011).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Han, B. et al. Using genotype data to distinguish pleiotropy from heterogeneity: deciphering coheritability in autoimmune and neuropsychiatric diseases. bioRxiv doi:\n                    10.1101\/030783\n                    \n                   (6 November 2015).","DOI":"10.1101\/030783"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.02.002","volume":"88","author":"SH Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee, S.H., Wray, N.R., Goddard, M.E. & Visscher, P.M. Estimating missing heritability for disease from genome-wide association studies. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 88, 294\u2013305 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts474","volume":"28","author":"SH Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee, S.H., Yang, J., Goddard, M.E., Visscher, P.M. & Wray, N.R. Estimation of pleiotropy between complex diseases using single-nucleotide polymorphism\u2013derived genomic relationships and restricted maximum likelihood. Bioinformatics 28, 2540\u20132542 (2012).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4710","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu174","volume":"23","author":"GB Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen, G.B. et al. Estimation and partitioning of (co)heritability of inflammatory bowel disease from GWAS and immunochip data. Hum. Mol. Genet. 23, 4710\u20134720 (2014).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07374-9","volume":"359","author":"AJ Grant","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grant, A.J., Lalor, P.F., Salmi, M., Jalkanen, S. & Adams, D.H. Homing of mucosal lymphocytes to the liver in the pathogenesis of hepatic complications of inflammatory bowel disease. Lancet 359, 150\u2013157 (2002).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1784","volume":"6","author":"DH Adams","year":"2006","unstructured":"Adams, D.H. & Eksteen, B. Aberrant homing of mucosal T cells and extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 6, 244\u2013251 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1622","volume":"13","author":"L Apetoh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Apetoh, L. et al. Toll-like receptor 4\u2013dependent contribution of the immune system to anticancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Nat. Med. 13, 1050\u20131059 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4362","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903142","volume":"184","author":"P Prohinar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Prohinar, P., Rallabhandi, P., Weiss, J.P. & Gioannini, T.L. Expression of functional D299G.T399I polymorphic variant of TLR4 depends more on coexpression of MD-2 than does wild-type TLR4. J. Immunol. 184, 4362\u20134367 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00273","volume":"3","author":"N Isakov","year":"2012","unstructured":"Isakov, N. & Altman, A. PKC\u03b8-mediated signal delivery from the TCR\/CD28 surface receptors. Front. Immunol. 3, 273 (2012).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20140179","volume":"42","author":"K Wachowicz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wachowicz, K. & Baier, G. Protein kinase C\u03b8: the pleiotropic T-cell signalling intermediate. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 42, 1512\u20131518 (2014).","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1186068","volume":"328","author":"A Zanin-Zhorov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zanin-Zhorov, A. et al. Protein kinase C\u03b8 mediates negative feedback on regulatory T cell function. Science 328, 372\u2013376 (2010).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.764","volume":"43","author":"CA Anderson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anderson, C.A. et al. Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47. Nat. Genet. 43, 246\u2013252 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3461","volume":"14","author":"N Solovieff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Solovieff, N., Cotsapas, C., Lee, P.H., Purcell, S.M. & Smoller, J.W. Pleiotropy in complex traits: challenges and strategies. Nat. Rev. Genet. 14, 483\u2013495 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.015","volume":"59","author":"TH Karlsen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karlsen, T.H. & Boberg, K.M. Update on primary sclerosing cholangitis. J. Hepatol. 59, 571\u2013582 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i6.1956","volume":"21","author":"AB de Vries","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Vries, A.B., Janse, M., Blokzijl, H. & Weersma, R.K. Distinctive inflammatory bowel disease phenotype in primary sclerosing cholangitis. World J. Gastroenterol. 21, 1956\u20131971 (2015).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2205","volume":"44","author":"BP Fairfax","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fairfax, B.P. et al. Genetics of gene expression in primary immune cells identifies cell type\u2013specific master regulators and roles of HLA alleles. Nat. Genet. 44, 502\u2013510 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"International Genetics of Ankylosing Spondylitis Consortium (IGAS). Identification of multiple risk variants for ankylosing spondylitis through high-density genotyping of immune-related loci. Nat. Genet. 45, 730\u2013738 (2013).","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2667"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2467","volume":"44","author":"LC Tsoi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsoi, L.C. et al. Identification of 15 new psoriasis susceptibility loci highlights the role of innate immunity. Nat. Genet. 44, 1341\u20131348 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2616","volume":"45","author":"JZ Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu, J.Z. et al. Dense genotyping of immune-related disease regions identifies nine new risk loci for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Nat. Genet. 45, 670\u2013675 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3176","volume":"47","author":"P Goyette","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goyette, P. et al. High-density mapping of the MHC identifies a shared role for HLA-DRB1*01:03 in inflammatory bowel diseases and heterozygous advantage in ulcerative colitis. Nat. Genet. 47, 172\u2013179 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.998","volume":"43","author":"G Trynka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Trynka, G. et al. Dense genotyping identifies and localizes multiple common and rare variant association signals in celiac disease. Nat. Genet. 43, 1193\u20131201 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1000 Genomes Project Consortium. An integrated map of genetic variation from 1,092 human genomes. Nature 491, 56\u201365 (2012).","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11632"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","volume":"81","author":"S Purcell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Purcell, S. et al. PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 81, 559\u2013575 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1847","volume":"38","author":"AL Price","year":"2006","unstructured":"Price, A.L. et al. Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies. Nat. Genet. 38, 904\u2013909 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"International HapMap Consortium. A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs. Nature 449, 851\u2013861 (2007).","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06258"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.06.005","volume":"83","author":"AL Price","year":"2008","unstructured":"Price, A.L. et al. Long-range LD can confound genome scans in admixed populations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83, 132\u2013135, author reply 135\u2013139 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93766","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093766","volume":"9","author":"G Abraham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abraham, G. & Inouye, M. Fast principal component analysis of large-scale genome-wide data. PLoS One 9, e93766 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asm004","volume":"94","author":"JE Taylor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Taylor, J.E., Worsley, K.J. & Gosselin, F. Maxima of discretely sampled random fields, with an application to 'bubbles'. Biometrika 94, 1\u201318 (2007).","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7001","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8001","volume":"6","author":"LC Tsoi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsoi, L.C. et al. Enhanced meta-analysis and replication studies identify five new psoriasis susceptibility loci. Nat. Commun. 6, 7001 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3359","volume":"47","author":"JZ Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, J.Z. et al. Association analyses identify 38 susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel disease and highlight shared genetic risk across populations. Nat. Genet. 47, 979\u2013986 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq280","volume":"26","author":"JA Morris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morris, J.A., Randall, J.C., Maller, J.B. & Barrett, J.C. Evoker: a visualization tool for genotype intensity data. Bioinformatics 26, 1786\u20131787 (2010).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq330","volume":"26","author":"W McLaren","year":"2010","unstructured":"McLaren, W. et al. Deriving the consequences of genomic variants with the Ensembl API and SNP Effect Predictor. Bioinformatics 26, 2069\u20132070 (2010).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3812","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg509","volume":"31","author":"PC Ng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ng, P.C. & Henikoff, S. SIFT: predicting amino acid changes that affect protein function. Nucleic Acids Res. 31, 3812\u20133814 (2003).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth0410-248","volume":"7","author":"IA Adzhubei","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adzhubei, I.A. et al. A method and server for predicting damaging missense mutations. Nat. Methods 7, 248\u2013249 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"BFng3528_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2014.10.004","volume":"95","author":"A Gusev","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gusev, A. et al. Partitioning heritability of regulatory and cell-type-specific variants across 11 common diseases. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 95, 535\u2013552 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFng3528_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742-015-0047-8","volume":"4","author":"CC Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang, C.C. et al. Second-generation PLINK: rising to the challenge of larger and richer datasets. Gigascience 4, 7 (2015).","journal-title":"Gigascience"}],"container-title":["Nature Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng.3528.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng.3528","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng.3528.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T17:12:36Z","timestamp":1684429956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng.3528"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["BFng3528"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.3528","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.726216597.793518864","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1061-4036","1546-1718"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1061-4036","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-1718","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 July 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}