{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:18:27Z","timestamp":1792117107354,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,3]],"date-time":"2002-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1031011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ng986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,30]],"date-time":"2002-10-30T12:44:39Z","timestamp":1035981879000},"page":"402-407","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":563,"title":["Genome sequence of the endocellular obligate symbiont of tsetse flies, Wigglesworthia glossinidia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Leyla","family":"Akman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidemi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenshiro","family":"Oshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadayoshi","family":"Shiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahira","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serap","family":"Aksoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFng986z_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(00)00088-6","volume":"3","author":"NA Moran","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moran, N.A. & Baumann, P. Endosymbionts in animals. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 3, 270\u2013275 (2000).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFng986z_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01606-3","volume":"16","author":"S Aksoy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aksoy, S. Tsetse: a haven for microorganisms. Parasitol. Today 16, 114\u2013119 (2000).","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"BFng986z_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01933932","volume":"32","author":"G Nogge","year":"1976","unstructured":"Nogge, G. Sterility in tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans Westwood) caused by loss of symbionts. Experientia 32, 995\u2013996 (1976).","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"BFng986z_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(73)90051-5","volume":"67","author":"PDS Hill","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hill, P.D.S. & Campbell, J.A. The production of symbiont-free Glossina morsitans and an associated loss of female fertility. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 67, 727\u2013728 (1973).","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"BFng986z_CR5","first-page":"101","volume":"82","author":"G Nogge","year":"1981","unstructured":"Nogge, G. Significance of symbionts for the maintenance of an optional nutritional state for successful reproduction in hematophagous arthropods. Parasitology 82, 101\u2013104 (1981).","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"BFng986z_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.1995.tb00004.x","volume":"4","author":"S Aksoy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Aksoy, S. Molecular analysis of the endosymbionts of tsetse flies: 16S rDNA locus and over-expression of a chaperonin. Insect Mol. Biol. 4, 23\u201329 (1995).","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFng986z_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00006444","volume":"48","author":"X Chen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen, X., Song, L. & Aksoy, S. Concordant evolution of a symbiont with its host insect species: Molecular phylogeny of genus Glossina and its bacteriome-associated endosymbiont, Wigglesworthia glossinidia. J. Mol. Evol. 48, 49\u201358 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"BFng986z_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7546","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.131057498","volume":"98","author":"L Akman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Akman, L. & Aksoy, S. A novel application of gene arrays: Escherichia coli array provides insight into the biology of the obligate endosymbiont of tsetse flies. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 7546\u20137551 (2001).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFng986z_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00006452","volume":"48","author":"H Charles","year":"1999","unstructured":"Charles, H. & Ishikawa, H. Physical and genetic map of the genome of Buchnera, the primary endosymbiont of the pea aphid Acrythosiphon pisum. J. Mol. Evol. 48, 142\u2013150 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"BFng986z_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/35024074","volume":"407","author":"S Shigenobu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shigenobu, S., Watanabe, H., Hattori, M., Sakaki, Y. & Ishikawa, H. Genome sequence of the endocellular bacterial symbiont of aphids Buchnera sp. APS. Nature 407, 81\u201386 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFng986z_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5235.397","volume":"270","author":"C Fraser","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fraser, C. et al. The minimal gene complement of Mycoplasma genitalium. Science 270, 397\u2013403 (1995).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFng986z_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.7.2873","volume":"93","author":"NA Moran","year":"1996","unstructured":"Moran, N.A. Accelerated evolution and Muller's ratchet in endosymbiotic bacteria. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 2873\u20132878 (1996).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFng986z_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7113","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.22.7113-7114.1994","volume":"176","author":"T Asai","year":"1994","unstructured":"Asai, T. & Kogoma, T. The RecF pathway of homologous recombination can mediate the initiation of DNA damage-inducible replication of the Escherichia coli chromosome. J. Bacteriol. 176, 7113\u20137114 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BFng986z_CR14","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Aphid-plant Genotype Interactions","author":"A Douglas","year":"1990","unstructured":"Douglas, A. Nutritional interactions between Myzus persicae and its symbionts. in Aphid-plant Genotype Interactions (eds Campbell, R. & Eikenbary, R.) 319\u2013327 (Elsevier Biomedical, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1990)."},{"key":"BFng986z_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(92)90107-O","volume":"38","author":"AE Douglas","year":"1992","unstructured":"Douglas, A.E. & Prosser, W.A. Synthesis of the essential amino acid tryptophan in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) symbiosis. J. Insect Physiol. 38, 565\u2013568 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"BFng986z_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/247301a0","volume":"247","author":"W-C Ma","year":"1974","unstructured":"Ma, W.-C. & Denlinger, D.L. Secretory discharge and microflora of milk gland in tsetse flies. Nature 247, 301\u2013303 (1974).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFng986z_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.1999.810125.x","volume":"8","author":"Q Cheng","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cheng, Q. & Aksoy, S. Tissue tropism, transmission and expression of foreign genes in vivo in midgut symbionts of tsetse flies. Insect Mol. Biol. 8, 125\u2013132 (1999).","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFng986z_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5363.602","volume":"280","author":"T Kubori","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kubori, T. et al. Supramolecular structure of the Salmonella typhimurium type III protein secretion system. Science 280, 602\u2013605 (1998).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFng986z_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6456","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.11.6456","volume":"96","author":"GM Young","year":"1999","unstructured":"Young, G.M., Schmiel, D.H. & Miller, V.L. A new pathway for the secretion of virulence factors by bacteria: the flagellar export apparatus functions as a protein-secretion system. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 6456\u20136461 (1999).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFng986z_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/24094","volume":"396","author":"SG Andersson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Andersson, S.G. et al. The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria. Nature 396, 133\u2013140 (1998).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFng986z_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000080021","volume":"63","author":"SK Moloo","year":"1971","unstructured":"Moloo, S.K. An artificial feeding technique for Glossina. Parasitology 63, 507\u2013512 (1971).","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"BFng986z_CR22","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual","author":"J Sambrook","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sambrook, J. & Russell, D.W. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, 2001)."},{"key":"BFng986z_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1993.tb00709.x","volume":"7","author":"SL O'Neill","year":"1993","unstructured":"O'Neill, S.L., Gooding, R.H. & Aksoy, S. Phylogenetically distant symbiotic microorganisms reside in Glossina midgut and ovary tissues. Med. Vet. Entomol. 7, 377\u2013383 (1993).","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"BFng986z_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7542800","volume":"269","author":"RD Fleischmann","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fleischmann, R.D. et al. Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd. Science 269, 496\u2013512 (1995).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFng986z_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4636","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.23.4636","volume":"27","author":"AL Delcher","year":"1999","unstructured":"Delcher, A.L., Harmon, D., Kasif, S., White, O. & Salzberg, S.L. Improved microbial gene identification with GLIMMER. Nucleic Acids Res. 27, 4636\u20134641 (1999).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BFng986z_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000052","volume":"44","author":"H Watanabe","year":"1997","unstructured":"Watanabe, H., Mori, H., Itoh, T. & Gojobori, T. Genome plasticity as a paradigm of eubacteria evolution. J. Mol. Evol. 44, S57\u2013S64 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"BFng986z_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/41483","volume":"388","author":"JF Tomb","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tomb, J.F. et al. The complete genome sequence of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Nature 388, 539\u2013547 (1997).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFng986z_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.1.29","volume":"27","author":"H Ogata","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ogata, H. et al. KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 27, 29\u201334 (1999).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"BFng986z_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-138-6-1051","volume":"138","author":"I Kawagishi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kawagishi, I., Muller, V., Williams, A.W., Irikura, V.M. & Macnab, R.M. Subdivision of flagellar region III of the Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium chromosomes and identification of two additional flagellar genes. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138, 1051\u20131065 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFng986z_CR30","first-page":"479","volume":"69","author":"H Ochman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ochman, H. & Groisman, E.A. The origin and evolution of species differences in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. EXS 69, 479\u2013493 (1994).","journal-title":"EXS"}],"container-title":["Nature Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng986z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng986z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng986z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T18:18:58Z","timestamp":1684433938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ng986z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}},"alternative-id":["BFng986z"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng986","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1009441.165459","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1009441.126659","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1061-4036","1546-1718"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1061-4036","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-1718","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,3]]}}}