{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:54:31Z","timestamp":1791215671627,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,31]],"date-time":"2011-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,31]],"date-time":"2011-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,31]],"date-time":"2011-07-31T14:24:32Z","timestamp":1312122272000},"page":"908-913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":240,"title":["Autocrine IL-2 is required for secondary population expansion of CD8+ memory T cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Feau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Arens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Togher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen P","family":"Schoenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFni2079_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5258.54","volume":"272","author":"R Ahmed","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ahmed, R. & Gray, D. Immunological memory and protective immunity: understanding their relation. Science 272, 54\u201360 (1996).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/ni912","volume":"4","author":"MJ van Stipdonk","year":"2003","unstructured":"van Stipdonk, M.J. et al. Dynamic programming of CD8+ T lymphocyte responses. Nat. Immunol. 4, 361\u2013365 (2003).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/87730","volume":"2","author":"MJ van Stipdonk","year":"2001","unstructured":"van Stipdonk, M.J., Lemmens, E.E. & Schoenberger, S.P. Naive CTLs require a single brief period of antigenic stimulation for clonal expansion and differentiation. Nat. Immunol. 2, 423\u2013429 (2001).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/87720","volume":"2","author":"SM Kaech","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kaech, S.M. & Ahmed, R. Memory CD8+ T cell differentiation: initial antigen encounter triggers a developmental program in naive cells. Nat. Immunol. 2, 415\u2013422 (2001).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/ni804","volume":"3","author":"VP Badovinac","year":"2002","unstructured":"Badovinac, V.P., Porter, B.B. & Harty, J.T. Programmed contraction of CD8+ T cells after infection. Nat. Immunol. 3, 619\u2013626 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2004.02.005","volume":"16","author":"D Masopust","year":"2004","unstructured":"Masopust, D., Kaech, S.M., Wherry, E.J. & Ahmed, R. The role of programming in memory T-cell development. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 16, 217\u2013225 (2004).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083317","volume":"300","author":"JC Sun","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sun, J.C. & Bevan, M.J. Defective CD8 T cell memory following acute infection without CD4 T cell help. Science 300, 339\u2013342 (2003).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1082305","volume":"300","author":"DJ Shedlock","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shedlock, D.J. & Shen, H. Requirement for CD4 T cell help in generating functional CD8 T cell memory. Science 300, 337\u2013339 (2003).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072615","volume":"297","author":"C Bourgeois","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bourgeois, C., Rocha, B. & Tanchot, C. A role for CD40 expression on CD8+ T cells in the generation of CD8+ T cell memory. Science 297, 2060\u20132063 (2002).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01441","volume":"421","author":"EM Janssen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Janssen, E.M. et al. CD4+ T cells are required for secondary expansion and memory in CD8+ T lymphocytes. Nature 421, 852\u2013856 (2003).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03337","volume":"434","author":"EM Janssen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Janssen, E.M. et al. CD4+ T-cell help controls CD8+ T-cell memory via TRAIL-mediated activation-induced cell death. Nature 434, 88\u201393 (2005).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.2.999","volume":"177","author":"VP Badovinac","year":"2006","unstructured":"Badovinac, V.P., Messingham, K.A., Griffith, T.S. & Harty, J.T. TRAIL deficiency delays, but does not prevent, erosion in the quality of \u201chelpless\u201d memory CD8 T cells. J. Immunol. 177, 999\u20131006 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/30996","volume":"393","author":"SR Bennett","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bennett, S.R. et al. Help for cytotoxic-T-cell responses is mediated by CD40 signalling. Nature 393, 478\u2013480 (1998).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/30845","volume":"393","author":"A Lanzavecchia","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lanzavecchia, A. Immunology. Licence to kill. Nature 393, 413\u2013414 (1998).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1038\/30989","volume":"393","author":"JP Ridge","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ridge, J.P., Di Rosa, F. & Matzinger, P. A conditioned dendritic cell can be a temporal bridge between a CD4+ T-helper and a T-killer cell. Nature 393, 474\u2013478 (1998).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/31002","volume":"393","author":"SP Schoenberger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schoenberger, S.P., Toes, R.E., van der Voort, E.I., Offringa, R. & Melief, C.J. T-cell help for cytotoxic T lymphocytes is mediated by CD40\u2013CD40L interactions. Nature 393, 480\u2013483 (1998).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1995.tb00092.x","volume":"148","author":"I Horak","year":"1995","unstructured":"Horak, I., Lohler, J., Ma, A. & Smith, K.A. Interleukin-2 deficient mice: a new model to study autoimmunity and self-tolerance. Immunol. Rev. 148, 35\u201344 (1995).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.155.3.768","volume":"155","author":"JA Keene","year":"1982","unstructured":"Keene, J.A. & Forman, J. Helper activity is required for the in vivo generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 155, 768\u2013782 (1982).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR19","first-page":"1579","volume":"17","author":"NA Mitchison","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mitchison, N.A. & O'Malley, C. Three-cell-type clusters of T cells with antigen-presenting cells best explain the epitope linkage and noncognate requirements of the in vivo cytolytic response. Eur. J. Immunol. 17, 1579\u20131583 (1987).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04790","volume":"441","author":"MA Williams","year":"2006","unstructured":"Williams, M.A., Tyznik, A.J. & Bevan, M.J. Interleukin-2 signals during priming are required for secondary expansion of CD8+ memory T cells. Nature 441, 890\u2013893 (2006).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.11.010","volume":"32","author":"V Kalia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kalia, V. et al. Prolonged interleukin-2R\u03b1 expression on virus-specific CD8+ T cells favors terminal-effector differentiation in vivo. Immunity 32, 91\u2013103 (2010).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.11.012","volume":"32","author":"ME Pipkin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pipkin, M.E. et al. Interleukin-2 and inflammation induce distinct transcriptional programs that promote the differentiation of effector cytolytic T cells. Immunity 32, 79\u201390 (2010).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1435","volume":"4","author":"TR Malek","year":"2004","unstructured":"Malek, T.R. & Bayer, A.L. Tolerance, not immunity, crucially depends on IL-2. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4, 665\u2013674 (2004).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830251111","volume":"25","author":"B Sadlack","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sadlack, B. et al. Generalized autoimmune disease in interleukin-2-deficient mice is triggered by an uncontrolled activation and proliferation of CD4+ T cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 25, 3053\u20133059 (1995).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.3.923","volume":"184","author":"C Kurts","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kurts, C. et al. Constitutive class I-restricted exogenous presentation of self antigens in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 184, 923\u2013930 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-6135.2003.00246.x","volume":"3","author":"BD Ehst","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ehst, B.D., Ingulli, E. & Jenkins, M.K. Development of a novel transgenic mouse for the study of interactions between CD4 and CD8 T cells during graft rejection. Am. J. Transplant. 3, 1355\u20131362 (2003).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/344065a0","volume":"344","author":"J Nikoli\u0107-Zugi\u0107","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nikoli\u0107-Zugi\u0107, J. & Bevan, M.J. Role of self-peptides in positively selecting the T-cell repertoire. Nature 344, 65\u201367 (1990).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5075","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.10.5075","volume":"170","author":"F Granucci","year":"2003","unstructured":"Granucci, F., Feau, S., Angeli, V., Trottein, F. & Ricciardi-Castagnoli, P. Early IL-2 production by mouse dendritic cells is the result of microbial-induced priming. J. Immunol. 170, 5075\u20135081 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.04.013","volume":"26","author":"VP Badovinac","year":"2007","unstructured":"Badovinac, V.P., Haring, J.S. & Harty, J.T. Initial T cell receptor transgenic cell precursor frequency dictates critical aspects of the CD8+ T cell response to infection. Immunity 26, 827\u2013841 (2007).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5727","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.11.5727","volume":"171","author":"WN D'Souza","year":"2003","unstructured":"D'Souza, W.N. & Lefrancois, L. IL-2 is not required for the initiation of CD8 T cell cycling but sustains expansion. J. Immunol. 171, 5727\u20135735 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.12.2057","volume":"186","author":"C Kurts","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kurts, C. et al. CD4+ T cell help impairs CD8+ T cell deletion induced by cross-presentation of self-antigens and favors autoimmunity. J. Exp. Med. 186, 2057\u20132062 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7445","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.11.7445","volume":"181","author":"EB Wilson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wilson, E.B. & Livingstone, A.M. Cutting edge: CD4+ T cell-derived IL-2 is essential for help-dependent primary CD8+ T cell responses. J. Immunol. 181, 7445\u20137448 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040370","volume":"200","author":"F Granucci","year":"2004","unstructured":"Granucci, F. et al. A contribution of mouse dendritic cell-derived IL-2 for NK cell activation. J. Exp. Med. 200, 287\u2013295 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR34","first-page":"110","volume":"78","author":"SR Clarke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Clarke, S.R. et al. Characterization of the ovalbumin-specific TCR transgenic line OT-I: MHC elements for positive and negative selection. Immunol. Cell Biol. 78, 110\u2013117 (2000).","journal-title":"Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04651","volume":"440","author":"F Castellino","year":"2006","unstructured":"Castellino, F. et al. Chemokines enhance immunity by guiding naive CD8+ T cells to sites of CD4+ T cell-dendritic cell interaction. Nature 440, 890\u2013895 (2006).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235625","volume":"262","author":"TM K\u00fcndig","year":"1993","unstructured":"K\u00fcndig, T.M. et al. Immune responses in interleukin-2-deficient mice. Science 262, 1059\u20131061 (1993).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.01.012","volume":"34","author":"AN Macintyre","year":"2011","unstructured":"Macintyre, A.N. et al. Protein kinase B controls transcriptional programs that direct cytotoxic T cell fate but is dispensable for T cell metabolism. Immunity 34, 224\u2013236 (2011).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/352621a0","volume":"352","author":"H Schorle","year":"1991","unstructured":"Schorle, H., Holtschke, T., Hunig, T., Schimpl, A. & Horak, I. Development and function of T cells in mice rendered interleukin-2 deficient by gene targeting. Nature 352, 621\u2013624 (1991).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFni2079_CR39","first-page":"3239","volume":"60","author":"N Mach","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mach, N. et al. Differences in dendritic cells stimulated in vivo by tumors engineered to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or Flt3-ligand. Cancer Res. 60, 3239\u20133246 (2000).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFni2079_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.2.741","volume":"167","author":"S Henri","year":"2001","unstructured":"Henri, S. et al. The dendritic cell populations of mouse lymph nodes. J. Immunol. 167, 741\u2013748 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Nature Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ni.2079.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ni.2079","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ni.2079.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T09:10:01Z","timestamp":1744276201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ni.2079"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,31]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["BFni2079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.2079","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.13336072.14702210","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.13336072.14726367","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1529-2908","1529-2916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-2908","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-2916","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 April 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}