{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:59:18Z","timestamp":1791341958722,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nm0502-509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T04:57:00Z","timestamp":1027659420000},"page":"509-513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":190,"title":["Autoimmunity due to molecular mimicry as a cause of neurological disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Levin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Kalume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvette","family":"Morcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"F. Curtis","family":"Dohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Hasty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Callaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Zunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic M.","family":"Desiderio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.12.13.1255","volume":"12","author":"M Oldstone","year":"1998","unstructured":"Oldstone, M. Molecular mimicry and immune mediated disease. FASEB J. 12, 1255\u20131265 (1998).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912303412707","volume":"341","author":"LJ Albert","year":"1999","unstructured":"Albert, L.J. & Inman, R.D. Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity. New Engl. J. Med. 341, 2068\u20132074 (1999).","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199905)45:5<559::AID-ANA3>3.0.CO;2-Q","volume":"45","author":"B Gran","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gran, B., Hemmer, B., Vergelli, M., McFarland, H. & Martin, R. Molecular mimicry and multiple sclerosis: Degenerate T-cell recognition and the induction of autoimmunity. Ann. Neurol. 45, 559\u2013567 (1999).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2414848","volume":"230","author":"R Fujinami","year":"1985","unstructured":"Fujinami, R. & Oldstone, M. Amino acid homology between the encephalitogenic site of myelin basic protein and virus: A mechanism for autoimmunity. Science 230, 1043\u20131045 (1985).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/348245a0","volume":"348","author":"S Jacobson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jacobson, S., Shida, H., McFarlin, D., Fauci, A. & Koenig, S. Circulating CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes specific for HTLV-1 in patients with HTLV-1 associated neurological disease. Nature 348, 245\u2013248 (1990).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199703203361205","volume":"336","author":"M Levin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Levin, M. et al. Immunopathogenesis of HTLV-1 associated neurologic disease based on a spinal cord biopsy from a patient with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP). New. Engl. J. Med. 336, 839\u2013845 (1997).","journal-title":"New. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289709015802","volume":"3","author":"M Levin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Levin, M. & Jacobson, S. HTLV-I associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP): A chronic progressive neurologic disease associated with immunlogically mediated damage to the central nervous system. J. Neurovirol. 3, 126\u2013140 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440115","volume":"44","author":"M Levin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Levin, M. et al. Neuronal molecular mimicry in immune mediated neurologic disease. Ann. Neurol. 44, 87\u201398 (1998).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.3.496","volume":"169","author":"R Lal","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lal, R., Giam, C., Coligan, J. & Rudolph, D. Differential immune responsiveness to the immunodominant epitopes of regulatory proteins (tax and rex) in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I associated myelopathy. J. Infect. Dis. 169, 496\u2013503 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/00127893-200109000-00001","volume":"7","author":"R Kahn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kahn, R., Bertorini, T. & Levin, M. Neurologic complications of HTLV-1 infection. The Neurologist 7, 271\u2013278 (2001).","journal-title":"The Neurologist"},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0231(20000215)14:3<161::AID-RCM859>3.0.CO;2-7","volume":"14","author":"S Beranova-Giorgianni","year":"2000","unstructured":"Beranova-Giorgianni, S. & Desiderio, D. Mass spectrometry of the human pituitary proteome: Identification of selected proteins. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 14, 161\u2013167 (2000).","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR12","first-page":"317","volume":"16","author":"G Biamonti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Biamonti, G., Ghigna, C., Caporali, R. & Montecucco, C. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs): An emerging family of autoantigens in rheumatic diseases. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 16, 317\u2013326 (1998).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(99)80051-9","volume":"11","author":"AM Krecic","year":"1999","unstructured":"Krecic, A.M. & Swanson, M.S. hnRNP complexes: Composition, structure, and function. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11, 363\u2013371 (1999).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(97)80016-6","volume":"9","author":"S Nakielny","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nakielny, S. & Dreyfuss, G. Nuclear export of proteins and RNAs. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9, 420\u2013429 (1997).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00018-0","volume":"102","author":"A-B Shyu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shyu, A.-B. & Wilkinson, M.F. The double lives of shuttling mRNA binding proteins. Cell 102, 135\u2013138 (2000).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1995.1366","volume":"221","author":"H Kamma","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kamma, H., Portman, D.S. & Dreyfuss, G. Cell type-specific expression of hnRNP proteins. Exp. Cell Res. 221, 187\u2013196 (1995).","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900760203","volume":"76","author":"AM Lassek","year":"1942","unstructured":"Lassek, A.M. The human pyramidal tract. IV. A study of the mature, myelinated fibers of the pyramid. J. Comp. Neurol. 76, 217\u2013225 (1942).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-03-01157.1993","volume":"13","author":"J Callaway","year":"1993","unstructured":"Callaway, J., Lasser-Ross, N., Stuart, N. & Ross, W. Dynamics of intracellular free calcium concentration in the presynaptic arbors of individual barnacle photoreceptors. J. Neurosci. 13, 1157\u20131166 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809114225","volume":"4","author":"M Nagai","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nagai, M. et al. Analysis of HTLV-1 proviral load in 202 HAM\/TSP patients and 243 asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers: High proviral load strongly predisposes to HAM\/TSP. J. Neurovirol 4, 586\u2013593 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol"},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1995.1154","volume":"77","author":"S Muller","year":"1995","unstructured":"Muller, S. et al. IgG Autoantibody response in HTLV-1-infected patients. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 77, 282\u2013290 (1995).","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11061","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.24.11061","volume":"92","author":"K Warren","year":"1995","unstructured":"Warren, K., Catz, I. & Steinman, L. Fine specificity of the antibody response to myelin basic protein in the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis: The minimal B-cell epitope and a model of its features. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 11061\u201311065 (1995).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6021","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.13.6021-6030.2000","volume":"74","author":"I Romero","year":"2000","unstructured":"Romero, I. et al. Interactions between brain endothelial cells and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infected lymphocytes: Mechanisms of viral entry into the central nervous system. J. Virol. 74, 6021\u20136030 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.5.2718","volume":"164","author":"P Giraudon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Giraudon, P. et al. T lymphocytes activated by persistent viral infection differentially modify the expression of metalloproteinases and their endogenous inhibitors, TIMPs, in human astrocytes: Relevance of HTLV-I-induced neurologic disease. J. Immunol. 164, 2718\u20132727 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19990901)57:5<706::AID-JNR12>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"57","author":"W Chen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen, W., Elias, R.V., Cao, W., Lerious, V. & McGinnis, J.F. Anti-recoverin antibodies cause the apoptotic death of mammalian photoreceptor cells in vitro. J. Neurosci. Res. 57, 706\u2013718 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"BFnm0502509_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34389","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.48.34389","volume":"274","author":"TP Munro","year":"1999","unstructured":"Munro, T.P. et al. Mutational analysis of a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 response element for RNA trafficking. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 34389\u201334395 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Nature Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm0502-509.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm0502-509","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm0502-509.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T18:26:36Z","timestamp":1684434396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm0502-509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnm0502509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm0502-509","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1006320.79206","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1078-8956","1546-170X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8956","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-170X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}}}