{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:43:37Z","timestamp":1792089817280,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,1]],"date-time":"1998-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":899251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nm0798-781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,19]],"date-time":"2004-08-19T02:15:09Z","timestamp":1092881709000},"page":"781-785","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":504,"title":["Diabetes induced by Coxsackie virus: Initiation by bystander damage and not molecular mimicry"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Marc S.","family":"Horwitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda M.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Harbertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Troy","family":"Krahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Sarvennick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5270.1947","volume":"272","author":"D Tough","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tough, D., Borrow, P. & Sprent, J. Induction of bystander T cell proliferation by viruses and type I interferon in vivo. Science 272, 1947\u20131950 (1996).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6013","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.11.6013","volume":"154","author":"RA Tripp","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tripp, R.A., Hou, S., McMickle, A., Houston, J. & Doherty, P.C. Recruitment and proliferation of CD8+ T cells in respiratory virus infections. J. Immunol. 154, 6013\u20136021 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.6.1933","volume":"179","author":"L Selin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Selin, L., Nahill, S. & Welsh, R. Cross-reactivities in memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition of heterologous viruses. J. Exp. Med. 179, 1933\u20131943 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.2.317","volume":"177","author":"S Nahill","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nahill, S. & Welsh, R. High frequency of cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes elicited during the virus-induced polyclonal cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. J. Exp. Med. 177, 317\u2013327 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.6.2371","volume":"184","author":"CF Evans","year":"1996","unstructured":"Evans, C.F., Horwitz, M.S., Hobbs, M.V. & Oldstone, M.B.A. Viral infection of transgenic mice expressing a viral protein in oligodendrocytes leads to chronic central nervous system autoimmune disease. J. Exp. Med. 184, 2371\u20132384 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR6","unstructured":"Miller, S.D. et al. Persistent infection with Theiler's virus leads to CNS autoimmunity via epitope spreading 3, 1\u20134 (1997)."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR7","first-page":"95","volume":"164","author":"J Yoon","year":"1990","unstructured":"Yoon, J. The role of viruses and environmental factors in the induction of diabetes. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 164, 95\u2013123 (1990).","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199706)52:2<121::AID-JMV1>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"52","author":"L Andreoletti","year":"1997","unstructured":"Andreoletti L. et al. Detection of coxsackie B virus RNA sequences in whole blood samples from adult patients at the onset of type I Diabetes Mellitus J. Med. Virol. 52, 121\u2013127 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.6.652","volume":"44","author":"H Hyoty","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hyoty, H. et al. A prospective study of the role of coxsackie B and other enterovirus infections in the pathogenesis of IDDM. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group. Diabetes 44, 652\u2013657 (1995).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.148.4.1068","volume":"148","author":"J Yoon","year":"1978","unstructured":"Yoon, J., Onodera, T. & Notkins, A. Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. XV. Beta cell damage and insulin-dependent hyperglycemia in mice infected with coxsackie virus B4. J. Exp. Med. 148, 1068\u20131080 (1978).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.143.5.1239","volume":"143","author":"S Webb","year":"1976","unstructured":"Webb, S., Loria, R., Madge, C. & Kibrick, S. Susceptibility of mice to group B coxsackie virus is influenced by the diabetic gene. J. Exp. Med. 143 1239\u20131248 (1976).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890110104","volume":"11","author":"P Hartig","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hartig, P., Madge, G. & Webb, S. Diversity within a human isolate of coxsackie B4: relationship to viral-induced diabetes. J. Med. Virol. 11, 23\u201330 (1983).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.5.1131","volume":"171","author":"D See","year":"1995","unstructured":"See, D., tilles J. Pathogenesis of virus-induced diabetes in mice. J. Infect. Dis. 171 1131\u20131138 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117567","volume":"94","author":"M Atkinson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Atkinson, M. et al. Cellular immunity to a determinant common to glutamate decarboxylase and coxsackie virus in insulin-dependent diabetes. J. Clin. Invest. 94, 2125\u20132129 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115573","volume":"89","author":"D Kaufman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kaufman, D. et al Autoimmunity to two forms of glutamate decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J. Clin. Invest. 89, 283\u2013292 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.5.1979","volume":"180","author":"J Tian","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tian J. Lehmann, P. & Kaufman, D. T cell cross-reactivity between coxsackievirus and glutamate decarboxylase is associated with a murine diabetes susceptibility allele. J. Exp. Med. 180 1979\u20131984 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0893-404","volume":"4","author":"S Ghosh","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ghosh, S. et al. Polygenic control of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Nature Genet. 4, 404\u2013409 (1993).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90730-E","volume":"74","author":"JD Katz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Katz, J.D., Wang, B., Haskins, K., Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. Following a diabetogenic T cell from genesis through pathogenesis. Cell 74, 1089\u20131100 (1993).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80362-3","volume":"7","author":"R Mueller","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mueller, R., Bradley, L.M., Krahl, T. & Sarvetnick, N. Mechanism underlying counterregulation of autoimmune diabetes. Immunity 7, 1\u201320 (1997).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/366069a0","volume":"366","author":"D Kaufman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kaufman, D. et al. Spontaneous loss of T-cell tolerance to glutamic acid decarboxylase in murine insulin-dependent diabetes. Nature 366, 69\u201372 (1993).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7761837","volume":"268","author":"JD Katz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Katz, J.D., Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. T helper cell subsets in insulin-dependent diabetes. Science 268, 1185\u20131188 (1995).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1996.tb00699.x","volume":"150","author":"DF Tough","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tough, D.F. & Sprent, J. Viruses and T cell turnover: evidence for bystander proliferation. Imm. Rev. 150, 129\u2013142 (1996).","journal-title":"Imm. Rev."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.1.497","volume":"159","author":"T Brabb","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brabb, T. et al. Triggers of autoimmune disease in a murine TCR-transgenic model for multiple sclerosis. J. Immunol. 159, 497\u2013507 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/370463a0","volume":"370","author":"G Pantaleo","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pantaleo, G. et al. Major expansion of CD8+ T cells with a predominant V beta usage during the primary immune response to HIV. Nature 370, 463\u2013467 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.4.1261","volume":"179","author":"S Kalams","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kalams, S. et al. Longitudinal analysis of T cell reporter(TCR) gene usage by human immunodeficiency virus 1 envelope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones reveals a limited TCR repertoire. J. Exp. Med. 179, 1261\u20131271 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8604","volume":"233","author":"A Prevost-Blondel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Prevost-Blondel, A. et al. In vivo longitudinal analysis of a dominant TCR repertoire selected in human response to influenza virus. Virology 233, 93\u2013104 (1997).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/364243a0","volume":"364","author":"U Utz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Utz, U. et al. Skewed T-cell receptor repertoire in genetically identical twins correlates with multiple sclerosis. Nature 364, 243\u2013247 (1993).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10040772","volume":"10","author":"J Wahlstrom","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wahlstrom, J. et al. Lung and blood T-cell receptor repertoire in extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Eur. Respir. J. 10, 772\u2013779 (1997).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/371351a0","volume":"371","author":"B Conrad","year":"1994","unstructured":"Conrad, B. et al. Evidence for superantigen involvement in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus aetiology. Nature 371 351\u2013355 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80469-0","volume":"8","author":"EA Butz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Butz, E.A. & Bevan, M.J. Massive expansion of antigen-specific CD8 T cells during acute virus infection. Immunity 8, 167\u2013175 (1998)","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80470-7","volume":"8","author":"K Murali-Krishna","year":"1998","unstructured":"Murali-Krishna, K. et al. Counting antigen-specific CD8 T cells: A reevaluation of bystander activation during viral infection. Immunity 8 177\u2013187 (1998).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.7.1241","volume":"185","author":"S Ehl","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ehl, S., Hombach, J. Aichele, P., Hengartner, H. & Zinkernagel, R. Bystander activation of cytotoxic T cells: studies on the mechanism and evaluation of in vivo significance in a transgenic mouse model. J. Exp. Med. 185, 1241\u20131251 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.9.1629","volume":"185","author":"CC Zarozinski","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zarozinski, C.C. & Welsh, R.M. Minimal bystander activation of CD8 T cells during the virus-induced polyclonal T cell response. J. Exp. Med. 185 1629\u20131639 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4620","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.9.4620","volume":"159","author":"B Balasa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Balasa, B. et al. CD40 ligand -CD40 interactions are necessary for the initiation of insulitis and diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Immunol. 159, 4620\u20134627 (1997).","journal-title":"Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm0798781_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/366072a0","volume":"366","author":"R Tisch","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tisch, R. et al. Immune response to glutamic acid decarboxylase correlates with insulitis in non-obese diabetic mice. Nature. 366, 72\u201375 (1993).","journal-title":"Nature."}],"container-title":["Nature Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm0798-781","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm0798-781.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm0798-781.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]],"date-time":"2024-01-14T06:15:27Z","timestamp":1705212927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm0798-781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnm0798781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm0798-781","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-8956","1546-170X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8956","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-170X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,7]]}}}