{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:04:20Z","timestamp":1792641860299,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,14]],"date-time":"2004-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1079222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nm1011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,21]],"date-time":"2004-03-21T13:58:36Z","timestamp":1079877516000},"page":"422-428","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":567,"title":["Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging for cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Charulatha","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raja N","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyungmoo","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoram","family":"Rudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnm1011_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.1999.tb00220.x","volume":"4","author":"Y Rudy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rudy, Y. & Burnes, J.E. Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging. Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 4, 340\u2013358 (1999).","journal-title":"Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.3.1012","volume":"96","author":"HS Oster","year":"1997","unstructured":"Oster, H.S., Taccardi, B., Lux, R.L., Ershler, P.R. & Rudy, Y. Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging: reconstruction of epicardial potentials, electrograms, and isochrones and localization of single and multiple electrocardiac events. Circulation 96, 1012\u20131024 (1997).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.15.1496","volume":"97","author":"HS Oster","year":"1998","unstructured":"Oster, H.S., Taccardi, B., Lux, R.L., Ershler, P.R. & Rudy, Y. Electrocardiographic imaging: Noninvasive characterization of intramural myocardial activation from inverse-reconstructed epicardial potentials and electrograms. Circulation 97, 1496\u20131507 (1998).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.5.533","volume":"101","author":"JE Burnes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Burnes, J.E., Taccardi, B., MacLeod, R.S. & Rudy, Y. Noninvasive ECG imaging of electrophysiologically abnormal substrates in infarcted hearts: a model study. Circulation 101, 533\u2013540 (2000).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.17.2152","volume":"102","author":"JE Burnes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Burnes, J.E., Taccardi, B. & Rudy, Y. A noninvasive imaging modality for cardiac arrhythmias. Circulation 102, 2152\u20132158 (2000).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01653-9","volume":"38","author":"JE Burnes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Burnes, J.E., Taccardi, B., Ershler, P.R. & Rudy, Y. Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging of substrate and intramural ventricular tachycardia in infarcted hearts. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 38, 2071\u20132078 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3601.094277","volume":"104","author":"RN Ghanem","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ghanem, R.N., Burnes, J.E., Waldo, A.L. & Rudy, Y. Imaging dispersion of myocardial repolarization, II: noninvasive reconstruction of epicardial measures. Circulation 104, 1306\u20131312 (2001).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.41.6.899","volume":"41","author":"D Durrer","year":"1970","unstructured":"Durrer, D. et al. Total excitation of the isolated human heart. Circulation 41, 899\u2013912 (1970).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.52.6.706","volume":"52","author":"G Arisi","year":"1983","unstructured":"Arisi, G., Macchi, E., Baruffi, S., Spaggiari, S. & Taccardi, B. Potential fields on the ventricular surface of the exposed dog heart during normal excitation. Circ. Res. 52, 706\u2013715 (1983).","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.59.1.161","volume":"59","author":"CR Wyndham","year":"1979","unstructured":"Wyndham, C.R. et al. Epicardial activation of the intact human heart without conduction defect. Circulation 59, 161\u2013168 (1979).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-0620(76)90015-3","volume":"XIX","author":"J Kupersmith","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kupersmith, J. Electrophysiologic mapping during open heart surgery. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. XIX, 167\u2013202 (1976).","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.55.2.268","volume":"55","author":"MS Spach","year":"1977","unstructured":"Spach, M.S., Barr, R.C., Lanning, C.F. & Tucek, P.C. Origin of body surface QRS and T wave potentials from epicardial potential distributions in the intact chimpanzee. Circulation 55, 268\u2013268 (1977).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(60)90409-9","volume":"59","author":"A Jouve","year":"1959","unstructured":"Jouve, A. et al. Epicardial leads in man. Am. Heart J. 59, 856\u2013868 (1959).","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.30.5.630","volume":"30","author":"JP Roos","year":"1968","unstructured":"Roos, J.P., van Dam, R.T. & Durrer, D. Epicardial and intramural excitation of normal heart in six patients 50 years of age and older. Br. Heart J. 30, 630\u2013637 (1968).","journal-title":"Br. Heart J."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(94)80065-0","volume":"27","author":"RL Lux","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lux, R.L., Green, L.S., MacLeod, R.S. & Taccardi, B. Assessment of spatial and temporal characteristics of ventricular repolarization. J. Electrocardiol. 27, 100\u2013105 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Electrocardiol."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000016960.61087.86","volume":"90","author":"K Gima","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gima, K. & Rudy, Y. Ionic current basis of electrocardiographic waveforms: a model study. Circ. Res. 90, 889\u2013896 (2002).","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(84)80070-9","volume":"17","author":"J Liebman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Liebman, J., Rudy, Y., Diaz, P., Thomas, C.W. & Plonsey, R. The spectrum of right bundle branch block as manifested in electrocardiographic body surface potential maps. J. Electrocardiol. 17, 329\u2013346 (1984).","journal-title":"J. Electrocardiol."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1683","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.280.4.H1683","volume":"280","author":"K Matsuo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Matsuo, K., Uno, K., Khrestian, C.M. & Waldo, A.L. Conduction left-to-right and right-to-left across the crista terminalis. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 280, H1683\u2013H1691 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.00132.x","volume":"25","author":"H Yamabe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yamabe, H. et al. Conduction properties of the crista terminalis and its influence on the right atrial activation sequence in patients with typical atrial flutter. J. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 25, 132\u2013141 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.49.1.77","volume":"49","author":"EG Daoud","year":"1998","unstructured":"Daoud, E.G. & Morady, F. Pathophysiology of atrial flutter. Ann. Rev. Med. 49, 77\u201383 (1998).","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Med."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4601.097996","volume":"104","author":"L-M Rodriguez","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rodriguez, L.-M., Timmermans, C., Nabar, A., Hofstra, L. & Wellens, H.J.J. Biatrial activation in isthmus-dependent atrial flutter. Circulation 104, 2545\u20132550 (2001).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1989.69.4.1049","volume":"69","author":"MJ Janse","year":"1989","unstructured":"Janse, M.J. & Wit, A.L. Electrophysiological mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias resulting from myocardial ischemia and infarction. Physiol. Rev. 69, 1049\u20131169 (1989).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00907.x","volume":"9","author":"E Sosa","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sosa, E., Scanavacca, M. & D'Avila, A. Endocardial and epicardial ablation guided by nonsurgical transthoracic epicardial mapping to treat recurrent ventricular tachycardia. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 9, 229\u2013239 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2003.818263","volume":"22","author":"RN Ghanem","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ghanem, R.N., Ramanathan, C., Jia, P. & Rudy, Y. Heart-surface reconstruction and ECG electrodes localization using fluoroscopy, epipolar geometry and stereovision: application to noninvasive imaging of cardiac electrical activity. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 22, 1307\u20131318 (2003).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR25","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Solutions of Ill-Posed Problems","author":"AN Tikhonov","year":"1977","unstructured":"Tikhonov, A.N. & Arsenin, V.Y. The regularization method. in Solutions of Ill-Posed Problems 45\u201394 (V.H. Winston & Sons, Washington DC, 1977)."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR26","first-page":"25","volume":"20","author":"Y Rudy","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rudy, Y. & Oster, H.S. The electrocardiographic inverse problem. Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 20, 25\u201345 (1992).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1588655","volume":"31","author":"C Ramanathan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ramanathan, C., Jia, P., Ghanem, R.N., Calvetti, D. & Rudy, Y. Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI): application of the generalized minimal residual method (GMRes). Ann. Biomed. Eng. 31, 981\u2013994 (2003).","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR28","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Cardiac Mapping","author":"M Biermann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Biermann, M. et al. The interpretation of cardiac electrograms. in Cardiac Mapping (eds. Shenasa, M., Borggrefe, M. & Breithardt, G.) 15\u201339 (Futura Publishing, Mount Kisco, New York, 2003)."},{"key":"BFnm1011_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.81.1.281","volume":"81","author":"CW Haws","year":"1990","unstructured":"Haws, C.W. & Lux, R.L. Correlation between in vivo transmembrane action potential durations and activation-recovery intervals from electrograms. Effects of interventions that alter repolarization time. Circulation 81, 281\u2013288 (1990).","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Nature Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm1011.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm1011","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm1011.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T19:39:23Z","timestamp":1684438763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm1011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,14]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnm1011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm1011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-8956","1546-170X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8956","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-170X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,14]]}}}