{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:35:27Z","timestamp":1792730127095,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,20]],"date-time":"2008-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1208649600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,20]],"date-time":"2008-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1208649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nm1757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,20]],"date-time":"2008-04-20T19:09:04Z","timestamp":1208718544000},"page":"536-541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":190,"title":["Mast cell activators: a new class of highly effective vaccine adjuvants"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"James B","family":"McLachlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher P","family":"Shelburne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin P","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore V","family":"Pizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajen","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhea","family":"Brooking-Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herman F","family":"Staats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soman N","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnm1757_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/381075a0","volume":"381","author":"B Echtenacher","year":"1996","unstructured":"Echtenacher, B., Mannel, D.N. & Hultner, L. Critical protective role of mast cells in a model of acute septic peritonitis. Nature 381, 75\u201377 (1996).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/381077a0","volume":"381","author":"R Malaviya","year":"1996","unstructured":"Malaviya, R., Ikeda, T., Ross, E. & Abraham, S.N. Mast cell modulation of neutrophil influx and bacterial clearance at sites of infection through TNF-\u03b1. Nature 381, 77\u201380 (1996).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1005","volume":"4","author":"JB McLachlan","year":"2003","unstructured":"McLachlan, J.B. et al. Mast cell-derived tumor necrosis factor induces hypertrophy of draining lymph nodes during infection. Nat. Immunol. 4, 1199\u20131205 (2003).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5275","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.8.5275","volume":"173","author":"DM Jawdat","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jawdat, D.M., Albert, E.J., Rowden, G., Haidl, I.D. & Marshall, J.S. IgE-mediated mast cell activation induces Langerhans cell migration in vivo. J. Immunol. 173, 5275\u20135282 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030448","volume":"198","author":"A Mart\u00edn-Fontecha","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Fontecha, A. et al. Regulation of dendritic cell migration to the draining lymph node: impact on T lymphocyte traffic and priming. J. Exp. Med. 198, 615\u2013621 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/32588","volume":"392","author":"J Banchereau","year":"1998","unstructured":"Banchereau, J. & Steinman, R.M. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 392, 245\u2013252 (1998).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115732","volume":"23","author":"LJ McHeyzer-Williams","year":"2005","unstructured":"McHeyzer-Williams, L.J. & McHeyzer-Williams, M.G. Antigen-specific memory B cell development. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 23, 487\u2013513 (2005).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.08.043","volume":"114","author":"EW Gelfand","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gelfand, E.W. Inflammatory mediators in allergic rhinitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 114, S135\u2013S138 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(02)00090-6","volume":"23","author":"X Ferry","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ferry, X., Brehin, S., Kamel, R. & Landry, Y. G protein-dependent activation of mast cell by peptides and basic secretagogues. Peptides 23, 1507\u20131515 (2002).","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7504324","volume":"262","author":"M Aridor","year":"1993","unstructured":"Aridor, M., Rajmilevich, G., Beaven, M.A. & Sagi-Eisenberg, R. Activation of exocytosis by the heterotrimeric G protein Gi3. Science 262, 1569\u20131572 (1993).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR11","first-page":"499","volume":"6","author":"WD Paton","year":"1951","unstructured":"Paton, W.D. Compound 48\/80: a potent histamine liberator. Br. J. Pharmacol. 6, 499\u2013508 (1951).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04493.x","volume":"971","author":"P-G Kr\u00fcger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kr\u00fcger, P.-G., Mahata, S.K. & Helle, K.B. Catestatin (chromogranin A344\u2013358) stimulates release of histamine from rat pleural and peritoneal mast cells. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 971, 349\u2013351 (2002).","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00365-5","volume":"17","author":"S Jung","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jung, S. et al. In vivo depletion of CD11c+ dendritic cells abrogates priming of CD8+ T cells by exogenous cell-associated antigens. Immunity 17, 211\u2013220 (2002).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4102","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.4102","volume":"176","author":"H Suto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Suto, H. et al. Mast cell-associated TNF promotes dendritic cell migration. J. Immunol. 176, 4102\u20134112 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1210","volume":"11","author":"A Pashine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pashine, A., Valiante, N.M. & Ulmer, J.B. Targeting the innate immune response with improved vaccine adjuvants. Nat. Med. 11, S63\u2013S68 (2005).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5636","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.11.5636","volume":"170","author":"PN Boyaka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boyaka, P.N. et al. Effective mucosal immunity to anthrax: neutralizing antibodies and Th cell responses following nasal immunization with protective antigen. J. Immunol. 170, 5636\u20135643 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6141","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.10.6141","volume":"162","author":"HF Staats","year":"1999","unstructured":"Staats, H.F. & Ennis, F.A. Jr. IL-1 is an effective adjuvant for mucosal and systemic immune responses when coadministered with protein immunogens. J. Immunol. 162, 6141\u20136147 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5267","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.10.5267","volume":"94","author":"S Yamamoto","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yamamoto, S. et al. A nontoxic mutant of cholera toxin elicits Th2-type responses for enhanced mucosal immunity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 5267\u20135272 (1997).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.4.1796","volume":"168","author":"AW Zuercher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zuercher, A.W., Coffin, S.E., Thurnheer, M.C., Fundova, P. & Cebra, J.J. Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue is a mucosal inductive site for virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. J. Immunol. 168, 1796\u20131803 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.61.3.233","volume":"61","author":"M Welle","year":"1997","unstructured":"Welle, M. Development, significance, and heterogeneity of mast cells with particular regard to the mast cell-specific proteases chymase and tryptase. J. Leukoc. Biol. 61, 233\u2013245 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.128.6.2475","volume":"128","author":"AD Befus","year":"1982","unstructured":"Befus, A.D., Pearce, F.L., Gauldie, J., Horsewood, P. & Bienenstock, J. Mucosal mast cells. I. Isolation and functional characteristics of rat intestinal mast cells. J. Immunol. 128, 2475\u20132480 (1982).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1159\/000138153","volume":"32","author":"FL Pearce","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pearce, F.L. On the heterogeneity of mast cells. Pharmacology 32, 61\u201371 (1986).","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.1.462","volume":"157","author":"HF Staats","year":"1996","unstructured":"Staats, H.F., Nichols, W.G. & Palker, T.J. Mucosal immunity to HIV-1: systemic and vaginal antibody responses after intranasal immunization with the HIV-1 C4\/V3 peptide T1SP10 MN(A). J. Immunol. 157, 462\u2013472 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0548","volume":"224","author":"TJ Palker","year":"1996","unstructured":"Palker, T.J. et al. The V3 domain of SIVmac251 gp120 contains a linear neutralizing epitope. Virology 224, 415\u2013426 (1996).","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00207-4","volume":"20","author":"R Gaur","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gaur, R., Gupta, P.K., Banerjea, A.C. & Singh, Y. Effect of nasal immunization with protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis on protective immune response against anthrax toxin. Vaccine 20, 2836\u20132839 (2002).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1999.00891.x","volume":"87","author":"P Hanna","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hanna, P. Lethal toxin actions and their consequences. J. Appl. Microbiol. 87, 285\u2013287 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10230","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.19.10230-10237.2004","volume":"78","author":"C Fogg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fogg, C. et al. Protective immunity to vaccinia virus induced by vaccination with multiple recombinant outer membrane proteins of intracellular and extracellular virions. J. Virol. 78, 10230\u201310237 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.2.647","volume":"153","author":"DP Snider","year":"1994","unstructured":"Snider, D.P., Marshall, J.S., Perdue, M.H. & Liang, H. Production of IgE antibody and allergic sensitization of intestinal and peripheral tissues after oral immunization with protein Ag and cholera toxin. J. Immunol. 153, 647\u2013657 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90011-5","volume":"82","author":"C Brunet","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brunet, C., Bedard, P.M. & Hebert, J. Analysis of compound 48\/80-induced skin histamine release and leukotriene production in chronic urticaria. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 82, 398\u2013402 (1988).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(83)90063-5","volume":"71","author":"PJ Dor","year":"1983","unstructured":"Dor, P.J. et al. Induction of late cutaneous reaction by kallikrein injection: comparison with allergic-like late response to compound 48\/80. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 71, 363\u2013370 (1983).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80059-8","volume":"99","author":"R Forster","year":"1999","unstructured":"Forster, R. et al. CCR7 coordinates the primary immune response by establishing functional microenvironments in secondary lymphoid organs. Cell 99, 23\u201333 (1999).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.2.373","volume":"188","author":"MC Dieu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dieu, M.C. et al. Selective recruitment of immature and mature dendritic cells by distinct chemokines expressed in different anatomic sites. J. Exp. Med. 188, 373\u2013386 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2001-11-0017","volume":"100","author":"E Scandella","year":"2002","unstructured":"Scandella, E., Men, Y., Gillessen, S., Forster, R. & Groettrup, M. Prostaglandin E2 is a key factor for CCR7 surface expression and migration of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Blood 100, 1354\u20131361 (2002).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.1998.0140","volume":"10","author":"SN Abraham","year":"1998","unstructured":"Abraham, S.N. & Arock, M. Mast cells and basophils in innate immunity. Semin. Immunol. 10, 373\u2013381 (1998).","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0818-9641.2004.01286.x","volume":"82","author":"EB Lindblad","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lindblad, E.B. Aluminium compounds for use in vaccines. Immunol. Cell Biol. 82, 497\u2013505 (2004).","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnm1757_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5386","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.9.5386","volume":"167","author":"HF Staats","year":"2001","unstructured":"Staats, H.F. et al. Cytokine requirements for induction of systemic and mucosal CTL after nasal immunization. J. Immunol. 167, 5386\u20135394 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Nature Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm1757.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm1757","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm1757.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T06:18:18Z","timestamp":1744352298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm1757"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,20]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnm1757"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm1757","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-8956","1546-170X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-8956","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-170X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 February 2008","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2008","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2008","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}