{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:22:40Z","timestamp":1782271360875,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]],"date-time":"2015-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]],"date-time":"2015-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature Mater"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]],"date-time":"2015-10-19T15:24:49Z","timestamp":1445268289000},"page":"1229-1235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":768,"title":["A high-specific-strength and corrosion-resistant magnesium alloy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wanqiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Birbilis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ferry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR1","volume-title":"Light Alloys: From Traditional Alloys to Nanocrystals","author":"IJ Polmear","year":"2005","unstructured":"Polmear, I. J. Light Alloys: From Traditional Alloys to Nanocrystals 4 edn (Butterworth Heinemann, 2005)."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR2","volume-title":"The Development of Magnesium\u2013Lithium Alloys for Structural Applications, NASA Contractor Report","author":"TG Byrer","year":"1963","unstructured":"Byrer, T. G., White, E. L. & Frost, P. D. The Development of Magnesium\u2013Lithium Alloys for Structural Applications, NASA Contractor Report (Battelle Memorial Institute, 1963)."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR3","first-page":"569","volume":"82","author":"WE Freeth","year":"1953","unstructured":"Freeth, W. E. & Raynor, G. V. The systems magnesium\u2013lithium and magnesium\u2013lithium\u2013silver. J.\u00a0Inst. Met. 82, 569\u2013574 (1953\u20131954).","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Inst. Met."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10820-005-0883-4","volume":"10","author":"H Zhong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhong, H., Feng, L. P., Liu, P. Y. & Zou, T. T. Design of a Mg\u2013Li\u2013Al\u2013Zn alloy by means of CALPHAD approach. J.\u00a0Comp. Aided Mater. Des. 10, 191\u2013199 (2003).","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comp. Aided Mater. Des."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-8388(02)00273-6","volume":"342","author":"DH Bae","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bae, D. H., Lee, M. H., Kim, K. T., Kim, W. T. & Kim, D. H. Application of quasicrystalline particles as a strengthening phase in Mg\u2013Zn\u2013Y alloys. J.\u00a0Alloys Compd. 342, 445\u2013450 (2002).","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Alloys Compd."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S593","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.200731413","volume":"4","author":"M Tsujikawa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tsujikawa, M. et al. Corrosion protection of Mg\u2013Li alloy by plasma thermal spraying of aluminum. Plasma Process. Polym. 4, S593\u2013S596 (2007).","journal-title":"Plasma Process. Polym."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1179\/1743280414Y.0000000046","volume":"60","author":"K Gusieva","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gusieva, K., Davies, C. H. J., Scully, J. R. & Birbilis, N. Corrosion of magnesium alloys: The role of alloying. Int. Mater. Rev. 60, 169\u2013194 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. Mater. Rev."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2015.06.060","volume":"99","author":"TT Sasaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sasaki, T. T. et al. Strong and ductile heat-treatable Mg\u2013Sn\u2013Zn\u2013Al wrought alloys. Acta Mater. 99, 176\u2013186 (2015).","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2011.06.033","volume":"59","author":"D Orlov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Orlov, D., Ralston, K. D., Birbilis, N. & Estrin, Y. Enhanced corrosion resistance of Mg alloy ZK60 after processing by integrated extrusion and equal channel angular pressing. Acta Mater. 59, 6176\u20136186 (2011).","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2009.03.011","volume":"57","author":"D Qiu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Qiu, D., Zhang, M. X., Taylor, J. A. & Kelly, P. M. A new approach to designing a grain refiner for Mg casting alloys and its use in Mg\u2013Y-based alloys. Acta Mater. 57, 3052\u20133059 (2009).","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR11","volume-title":"Strengthening Mechanisms in Crystal Plasticity","author":"AS Argon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Argon, A. S. Strengthening Mechanisms in Crystal Plasticity  (Oxford Univ. Press, 2008)."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.2320\/matertrans.MER2008225","volume":"49","author":"C-C Hsu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hsu, C.-C., Wang, J.-Y. & Lee, S. Room temperature aging characteristic of MgLiAlZn alloy. Mater. Trans. 49, 2728\u20132731 (2008).","journal-title":"Mater. Trans."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2464\/jilm.40.659","volume":"40","author":"K Matsuzawa","year":"1990","unstructured":"Matsuzawa, K., Koshihara, T., Ochiai, S. & Kojima, Y. The effect of additional element on the age-hardening characteristics and properties of Mg\u2013Li alloys. J.\u00a0Jpn Inst. Light Met. 40, 659\u2013665 (1990).","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Jpn Inst. Light Met."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2007.05.106","volume":"460","author":"C-H Chiu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chiu, C.-H., Wu, H. Y., Wang, J.-Y. & Lee, S. Microstructure and mechanical behavior of LZ91 Mg alloy processed by rolling and heat treatments. J.\u00a0Alloys Compd. 460, 246\u2013252 (2008).","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Alloys Compd."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2009.09.033","volume":"52","author":"NT Kirkland","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kirkland, N. T., Lespagnol, J., Birbilis, N. & Staiger, M. P. A survey of bio-corrosion rates of magnesium alloys. Corros. Sci. 52, 287\u2013291 (2010).","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C5","DOI":"10.1149\/1.3523229","volume":"14","author":"AD Sudholz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sudholz, A. D., Kirkland, N. T., Buchheit, R. G. & Birbilis, N. Electrochemical properties of intermetallic phases and common impurity elements in magnesium alloys. Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 14, C5\u2013C7 (2011).","journal-title":"Electrochem. Solid State Lett."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2010.02.001","volume":"55","author":"KD Ralston","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ralston, K. D. et al. Role of nanostructure in pitting of Al\u2013Cu\u2013Mg alloys. Electrochim. Acta 55, 7834\u20137842 (2010).","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2010.07.010","volume":"58","author":"KD Ralston","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ralston, K. D., Birbilis, N., Weyland, M. & Hutchinson, C. R. The effect of precipitate size on the yield strength-pitting corrosion correlation in Al\u2013Cu\u2013Mg alloys. Acta Mater. 58, 5941\u20135948 (2010).","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR19","first-page":"28","volume":"63","author":"NT Kirkland","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kirkland, N. T., Staiger, M. P., Nisbet, D., Davies, C. H. J. & Birbilis, N. Performance-driven design of biocompatible Mg alloys. J.\u00a0Miner. 63, 28\u201334 (2011).","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Miner."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/SSP.114.345","volume":"114","author":"A Daniszewska","year":"2006","unstructured":"Daniszewska, A. et al. Metallic nano-materials and nanostructures: Development of technology roadmap. Solid State Phenom. 114, 345\u2013392 (2006).","journal-title":"Solid State Phenom."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, J. R. (ed.) Alloying, Understanding the Basics (ASM International, 2001).","DOI":"10.31399\/asm.tb.aub.9781627082976"},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A69","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1426398","volume":"149","author":"T Eriksson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eriksson, T. et al. Surface analysis of LiMn2O4 electrodes in carbonate-based electrolytes. J.\u00a0Electrochem. Soc. 149, A69\u2013A78 (2002).","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2013.11.086","volume":"116","author":"M Taheri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taheri, M. et al. Towards a physical description for the origin of enhanced catalytic activity of corroding magnesium surfaces. Electrochim. Acta 116, 396\u2013403 (2014).","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3991(02)00319-4","volume":"95","author":"D Vaumouse","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vaumouse, D., Cerezo, A. & Warren, P. J. A procedure for quantification of precipitate microstructures from three-dimensional atom probe data. Ultramicroscopy 95, 215\u2013224 (2003).","journal-title":"Ultramicroscopy"},{"key":"BFnmat4435_CR25","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Proc. MRS 2000 Fall Meeting Symp.","author":"JM Hyde","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hyde, J. M. & English, C. A. in Proc. MRS 2000 Fall Meeting Symp.  (eds Lucas, R.\u00a0G.\u00a0E., Snead, L., Kirk, M.\u00a0A. & Elliman, R. G.) 27\u201333 (2001)."}],"container-title":["Nature Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmat4435.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmat4435","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmat4435.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T19:21:08Z","timestamp":1657135268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmat4435"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnmat4435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmat4435","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-1122","1476-4660"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-1122","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4660","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}