{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:14:33Z","timestamp":1791940473523,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature Mater"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T11:51:36Z","timestamp":1474285896000},"page":"204-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Thermoelectric detection and imaging of propagating graphene\u00a0plasmons"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mark\u00a0B.","family":"Lundeberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanda","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5024-4201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achim","family":"Woessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Alonso-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3701-8119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Hone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Hillenbrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank H. L.","family":"Koppens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2009.282","volume":"4","author":"DK Gramotnev","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gramotnev, D. K. & Bozhevolnyi, S. I. Plasmonics beyond the diffraction limit. Nat.\u00a0Photon. 4, 83\u201391 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat.\u00a0Photon."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202691","volume":"332","author":"A Vakil","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vakil, A. & Engheta, N. Transformation optics using graphene. Science 332, 1291\u20131294 (2011).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1109\/16.485650","volume":"43","author":"M Dyakonov","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dyakonov, M. & Shur, M. Detection, mixing, and frequency multiplication of terahertz radiation by two-dimensional electronic fluid. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 43, 380\u2013387 (1996).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron Devices"},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/8\/12\/318","volume":"8","author":"B Wunsch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wunsch, B., Stauber, T., Sols, F. & Guinea, F. Dynamical polarization of graphene at finite doping. New J. Phys. 8, 318 (2006).","journal-title":"New J. Phys."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205418","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.75.205418","volume":"75","author":"EH Hwang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hwang, E. H. & Das\u00a0Sarma, S. Dielectric function, screening, and plasmons in two-dimensional graphene. Phys. Rev. B 75, 205418 (2007).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245435","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.80.245435","volume":"80","author":"M Jablan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jablan, M., Buljan, H. & Solja\u010di\u0107, M. Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies. Phys. Rev. B 80, 245435 (2009).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2012.262","volume":"6","author":"AN Grigorenko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grigorenko, A. N., Polini, M. & Novoselov, K. S. Graphene plasmonics. Nat.\u00a0Photon. 6, 749\u2013758 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat.\u00a0Photon."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2362975","volume":"89","author":"H Ditlbacher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ditlbacher, H. et al. Organic diodes as monolithically integrated surface plasmon polariton detectors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 161101 (2006).","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2009.47","volume":"3","author":"P Neutens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Neutens, P., Van\u00a0Dorpe, P., De\u00a0Vlaminck, I., Lagae, L. & Borghs, G. Electrical detection of confined gap plasmons in metal\u2013insulator\u2013metal waveguides. Nat.\u00a0Photon. 3, 283\u2013286 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat.\u00a0Photon."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys1284","volume":"5","author":"AL Falk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Falk, A. L. et al. Near-field electrical detection of optical plasmons and single-plasmon sources. Nat.\u00a0Phys. 5, 475\u2013479 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat.\u00a0Phys."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1021\/nl903761t","volume":"10","author":"RW Heeres","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heeres, R. W. et al. On-chip single plasmon detection. Nano Lett. 10, 661\u2013664 (2010).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161110","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3503534","volume":"97","author":"T Dufaux","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dufaux, T., Dorfm\u00fcller, J., Vogelgesang, R., Burghard, M. & Kern, K. Surface plasmon coupling to nanoscale Schottky-type electrical detectors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 161110 (2010).","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1021\/nl200187v","volume":"11","author":"I Goykhman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goykhman, I., Desiatov, B., Khurgin, J., Shappir, J. & Levy, U. Locally oxidized silicon surface-plasmon Schottky detector for telecom regime. Nano Lett. 11, 2219\u20132224 (2011).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5477","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b01898","volume":"15","author":"KM Goodfellow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goodfellow, K. M., Chakraborty, C., Beams, R., Novotny, L. & Vamivakas, A. N. Direct on-chip optical plasmon detection with an atomically thin semiconductor. Nano Lett. 15, 5477\u20135481 (2015).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2014.311","volume":"10","author":"ML Brongersma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brongersma, M. L., Halas, N. J. & Nordlander, P. Plasmon-induced hot carrier science and technology. Nat.\u00a0Nanotech. 10, 25\u201334 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat.\u00a0Nanotech."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-1098(85)90700-8","volume":"56","author":"R Innes","year":"1985","unstructured":"Innes, R. & Sambles, J. Simple thermal detection of surface plasmon-polaritons. Solid State Commun. 56, 493\u2013496 (1985).","journal-title":"Solid State Commun."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"031113","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3613964","volume":"99","author":"J-C Weeber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weeber, J.-C. et al. Thermo-electric detection of waveguided surface plasmon propagation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 031113 (2011).","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165408","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.90.165408","volume":"90","author":"A Principi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Principi, A. et al. Plasmon losses due to electron-phonon scattering: the case of graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride. Phys. Rev. B 90, 165408 (2014).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2951","volume":"4","author":"M Freitag","year":"2013","unstructured":"Freitag, M. et al. Photocurrent in graphene harnessed by tunable intrinsic plasmons. Nat.\u00a0Commun. 4, 1951 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat.\u00a0Commun."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4295","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b00137","volume":"15","author":"X Cai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cai, X. et al. Plasmon-enhanced terahertz photodetection in graphene. Nano Lett. 15, 4295\u20134302 (2015).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4169","volume":"14","author":"A Woessner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Woessner, A. et al. Highly confined low-loss plasmons in graphene\u2013boron nitride heterostructures. Nat.\u00a0Mater. 14, 421\u2013425 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat.\u00a0Mater."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10783","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10783","volume":"7","author":"A Woessner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Woessner, A. et al. Near-field photocurrent nanoscopy on bare and encapsulated graphene. Nat.\u00a0Commun. 7, 10783 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat.\u00a0Commun."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11253","volume":"487","author":"Z Fei","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fei, Z. et al. Gate-tuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano-imaging. Nature 487, 82\u201385 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11254","volume":"487","author":"J Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons. Nature 487, 77\u201381 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1021\/nl903451y","volume":"10","author":"X Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu, X., Gabor, N. M., Alden, J. S., van\u00a0der\u00a0Zande, A. M. & McEuen, P. L. Photo-thermoelectric effect at a graphene interface junction. Nano Lett. 10, 562\u2013566 (2010).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4134","DOI":"10.1021\/nl2019068","volume":"11","author":"MC Lemme","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lemme, M. C. et al. Gate-activated photoresponse in a graphene p\u2013n junction. Nano Lett. 11, 4134\u20134137 (2011).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4688","DOI":"10.1021\/nl202318u","volume":"11","author":"JCW Song","year":"2011","unstructured":"Song, J. C. W., Rudner, M. S., Marcus, C. M. & Levitov, L. S. Hot carrier transport and photocurrent response in graphene. Nano Lett. 11, 4688\u20134692 (2011).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1211384","volume":"334","author":"NM Gabor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gabor, N. M. et al. Hot carrier-assisted intrinsic photoresponse in graphene. Science 334, 648\u2013652 (2011).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"055502","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.113.055502","volume":"113","author":"JA Gerber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gerber, J. A., Berweger, S., O\u2019Callahan, B. T. & Raschke, M. B. Phase-resolved surface plasmon interferometry of graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 055502 (2014).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195411","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.90.195411","volume":"90","author":"B Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu, B., Liu, Y. & Shen, S. Thermal plasmonic interconnects in graphene. Phys. Rev. B 90, 195411 (2014).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2014.215","volume":"9","author":"FHL Koppens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koppens, F. H. L. et al. Photodetectors based on graphene, other two-dimensional materials and hybrid systems. Nat.\u00a0Nanotech. 9, 780\u2013793 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat.\u00a0Nanotech."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR32","unstructured":"Svintsov, D., Devizorova, Z., Otsuji, T. & Ryzhii, V. Emission and amplification of surface plasmons in resonant-tunneling van der Waals heterostructures. Preprint at http:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1509.03776 (2015)."},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244358","volume":"342","author":"L Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. One-dimensional electrical contact to a two-dimensional material. Science 342, 614\u2013617 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"085136","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.90.085136","volume":"90","author":"AS McLeod","year":"2014","unstructured":"McLeod, A. S. et al. Model for quantitative tip-enhanced spectroscopy and the extraction of nanoscale-resolved optical constants. Phys. Rev. B 90, 085136 (2014).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"BFnmat4755_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1140\/epjb\/e2007-00142-3","volume":"56","author":"LA Falkovsky","year":"2007","unstructured":"Falkovsky, L. A. & Varlamov, A. A. Space-time dispersion of graphene conductivity. Eur. Phys. J. B 56, 281\u2013284 (2007).","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. B"}],"container-title":["Nature Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmat4755.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmat4755","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmat4755.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T15:24:21Z","timestamp":1657121061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmat4755"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnmat4755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmat4755","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-1122","1476-4660"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-1122","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4660","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"R.H. is co-founder of Neaspec GmbH, a company producing scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope systems such as the ones used in this study. All other authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}