{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:44:47Z","timestamp":1792295087154,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,21]],"date-time":"2010-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1269129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,21]],"date-time":"2010-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1269129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature Nanotech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2010.34","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,21]],"date-time":"2010-03-21T14:30:29Z","timestamp":1269181829000},"page":"297-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":742,"title":["Direct seawater desalination by ion concentration polarization"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sung Jae","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Hee","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwan Hyoung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jongyoon","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR1","unstructured":"United Nation Population Fund Population and Sustainable Development\u2014Five Years After Rio 1\u201336 (UNFPA, 1997)."},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR2","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Sustaining Water: Population and the Future of Renewable Water Supplies","author":"LP Robert Engelman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Robert Engelman, L. P. Sustaining Water: Population and the Future of Renewable Water Supplies 7\u201347 (Population Action International, 1993)."},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06599","volume":"452","author":"MA Shannon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shannon, M. A. et al. Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades. Nature 452, 301\u2013310 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.03.010","volume":"43","author":"LF Greenlee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greenlee, L. F., Lawler, D. F., Freeman, B. D., Marrot, B. & Moulin, P. Reverse osmosis desalination: water sources, technology and today's challenges. Water Res. 43, 2317\u20132348 (2009).","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR5","first-page":"482","volume-title":"Handbook of Industrial Membrane Technology","author":"TA Davis","year":"1970","unstructured":"Davis, T. A. in Handbook of Industrial Membrane Technology (ed. Porter, M. C.) 482\u2013510 (Noyes Publications, 1970)."},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-9164(00)00026-6","volume":"128","author":"V Lindstrand","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lindstrand, V., Sundstr\u00f6m, G. & J\u00f6nsson, A.-S. Fouling of electrodialysis membranes by organic substances. Desalination 128, 91\u2013102 (2000).","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-9164(00)84119-3","volume":"18","author":"JO Kessler","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kessler, J. O. & Moody, C. D. Drinking water from sea water by forward osmosis. Desalination 18, 297\u2013306 (1976).","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471725137","volume-title":"Physicochemical Hydrodynamics: An Introduction","author":"RF Probstein","year":"1994","unstructured":"Probstein, R. F. Physicochemical Hydrodynamics: An Introduction (Wiley-Interscience, 1994)."},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1039\/f29797500231","volume":"75","author":"I Rubinstein","year":"1979","unstructured":"Rubinstein, I. & Shtilman, L. Voltage against current curves of cation exchange membranes. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. II 75, 231\u2013246 (1979).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. II"},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200600427","volume":"30","author":"A Holtzel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holtzel, A. & Tallarek, U. Ionic conductance of nanopores in microscale analysis systems: where microfluidics meets nanofluidics. J. Separation Sci. 30, 1398\u20131419 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Separation Sci."},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1021\/nl0494811","volume":"4","author":"Q Pu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pu, Q., Yun, J., Temkin, H. & Liu, S. Ion-enrichment and ion-depletion effect of nanochannel structures. Nano Lett. 4, 1099\u20131103 (2004).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"044501","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.044501","volume":"99","author":"SJ Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim, S. J., Wang, Y.-C., Lee, J. H., Jang, H. & Han, J. Concentration polarization and nonlinear electrokinetic flow near nanofluidic channel. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 044501 (2007).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1021\/ac800157q","volume":"80","author":"SJ Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim, S. J. & Han, J. Self-sealed vertical polymeric nanoporous junctions for high-throughput nanofluidic applications. Anal. Chem. 80, 3507\u20133511 (2008).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2307\/1536800","volume":"55","author":"EM Kapp","year":"1928","unstructured":"Kapp, E. M. The precipitation of calcium and magnesium from sea water by sodium hydroxide. Biol. Bull. 55, 453\u2013458 (1928).","journal-title":"Biol. Bull."},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR15","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality (WHO, 2008)."},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.2007.tb07958.x","volume":"99","author":"S Veerapaneni","year":"2007","unstructured":"Veerapaneni, S., Long, B., Freeman, S. & Bond, R. Reducing energy consumption for seawater desalination. J. Am. Water Work Assoc. 99, 95\u2013106 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Work Assoc."},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR17","unstructured":"World Health Organization International Standards for Drinking Water (WHO, 1971)."},{"key":"BFnnano201034_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1039\/b717900f","volume":"8","author":"JH Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee, J. H., Song, Y.-A. & Han, J. Multiplexed proteomic sample preconcentration device using surface-patterned ion-selective membrane. Lab Chip 8, 596\u2013601 (2008).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2013.148","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,5]],"date-time":"2013-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375660800000}}],"container-title":["Nature Nanotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nnano.2010.34.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nnano.2010.34","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nnano.2010.34.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T20:20:21Z","timestamp":1684441221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nnano.2010.34"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,21]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnnano201034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nnano.2010.34","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-3387","1748-3395"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-3387","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-3395","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 December 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2010","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2010","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2013","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"In this Article, we measured the electrical current necessary to run the desalination process (Supplementary Information Fig. 3) and reported that the power efficiency of the method was around 3.5 Wh l\n                      \u22121\n                      . We have subsequently been unable to reproduce this power efficiency and now believe that our electrical current measurements were wrong. The efficiency of our device is likely to be significantly worse than originally stated. This is because the device has long channels running from the reservoirs to the ion concentration polarization (ICP) zone, and although only a minimal amount of power is required to move ions around the ICP zone, these channels consume a considerable amount of power. Therefore, Supplementary Information Fig. 3, the quoted power efficiency of the device and our discussion surrounding this value in the original paper are not valid. This error does not affect the other results in the Article, and in particular our conclusion that ICP can be used to desalinate sea water.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}