{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T02:59:55Z","timestamp":1784257195472,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Prim Care Resp Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The overlap between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important clinical phenomenon. However, the prevalence of asthma\u2013COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) is not known.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of ACOS among asthmatic patients with a smoking history, and evaluate the factors predicting ACOS in this patient group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We investigated 190 primary care asthma patients with no previous diagnosis of COPD, but who were either current or ex-smokers, with a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years. Spirometry was performed on all the patients while they were taking their normal asthma medication. Patients were considered to have ACOS if their postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1\u2009s\/forced vital capacity was &lt;0.70.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fifty-two (27.4%) of the patients were found to have ACOS. Age \u2a7e60 years and smoking for \u2a7e20 pack-years were the best predictors of ACOS. If both of these criteria were met, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for ACOS was 6.08 (2.11\u201317.49), compared with the situation where neither of these criteria were fulfilled.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There is a high prevalence of ACOS among primary health care asthmatics with a positive smoking history but no previous diagnosis of COPD. In this population, age over 60 years and a smoking history of more than 20 pack-years were the best predictors of ACOS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/npjpcrm.2015.47","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T14:32:01Z","timestamp":1437057121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Prevalence of asthma\u2013COPD overlap syndrome among primary care asthmatics with a smoking history: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Toni","family":"Kiljander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Helin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Venho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antero","family":"Jaakkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauri","family":"Lehtim\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnpjpcrm201547_CR1","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). 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TH received personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim Finland and Takeda. KV received personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim Finland, Chiesi, GSK, Novartis, Takeda, Teva, Mundipharma and Almirall. AJ is an employee of Boehringer Ingelheim Finland. LL received personal fees from Almirall, Astra-Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Finland, Chiesi, GSK, Novartis, Orion Pharma, Takeda and Mundipharma.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15047"}}